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1 The lower the gravity,【状语从句】the lesser the weight【并列主句1】 and the greater the height of the mountain.【并列主句2】
佳句妙译 重力越小，重量就越小，山的高度就越高。
句法精析 这句话是比较级句型，整个句子的结构是: the +比较级，the +比较级，the +比较级。如英文句下标注所示。
知识拓展 比较级句型
“the +比较级，the +比较级”。该句型的意思为“越…越…”。这种结构通常从句在前，主句在后，即：第一个“the +比较级”为状语从句，第二个“the +比较级”为主句。如：
The more you know, the more you will realize how little you know. (= If you know more, you will more realize how little you know.) 知道得越多，越能体会到自己知识的有限。
2 The Martian atmosphere is an efficient erosive agent,【主句】 with Martian winds transporting dust from place to place and erasing surface features much faster than meteoritic impacts alone can obliterate them.【独立主格结构】
佳句妙译 火星大气层是一种强效的腐蚀剂，火星上的风把灰尘从一个地方卷到另一个地方，能很快地消除火星地表特征，比仅仅因流星冲击而引起的作用更有效。
句法精析 这是一个简单句，整个句子的结构是主句 + 独立主格结构，如下：
主句：The Martian atmosphere is an efficient erosive agent
独立主格结构：Martian winds transporting dust from place to place and erasing surface features much faster than meteoritic impacts alone can obliterate them
知识拓展 独立主格结构是由名词或代词加上分词等构成的一种独立结构，用于修饰整个句子。独立主格结构中的名词或代词与其后的分词等构成逻辑上的主谓关系。这种结构与主句不发生句法上的联系，它的位置相当灵活，可置于主句前、主句末或主句中，常由逗号将其与主句分开。
with引导的独立主格与主句逻辑关系紧密。形式为：
with + n. + -ed/-ing形式; with + n. + adj.; with + n. +介词短语
with (without) + 宾语（名词/代词）+ 宾语补足语，宾语通常由名词或代词充当，但代词一定要用宾格。
adj. 火星的，与火星有关的
例 The Martian landscape is extremely varied. 火星上的景象变化极大。
adj. 侵蚀性的，腐蚀性的
例 They’re the most powerful erosive force on our planet. 它们是地球上最强大、最有侵蚀性的力量。
派 erode（v. 腐蚀，侵蚀）
v. 运送，运输
例 Most of our luggage was transported by sea. 我们大部分行李都走海运。
派 transportation（n. 运输；运输工具；运输系统）
v. 擦掉；抹去；清除
例 She tried to erase the memory of that evening. 她试图抹去那晚的记忆。
v. 擦掉；使消失；忘却
例 The building was completely obliterated by the bomb. 这座楼被炮弹彻底摧毁了。
3 One of the familiar living examples,【主语】 probably known to anyone who has taken a biology class,【分词短语作定语】is the aquatic protozoan Euglena,【系动词+表语】which has an eyespot near its motile fIagellum (hairlike structure).【非限制性定语从句】
佳句妙译 学过生物的人可能都知道，生活在水中的原生生物眼虫藻就是一个活生生的例子，它们的活动鞭毛（一种毛状结构）附近有一个眼点。
句法精析 这是一个复合句，整个句子的结构是主语+分词短语作定语+系动词+表语+非限制性定语从句，如下：
主语：One of the familiar living examples
过去分词短语作定语：probably known to anyone who has taken a biology class，修饰主语。
系动词+表语：is the aquatic protozoan Euglena
非限制性定语从句：which has an eyespot near its motile fIagellum (hairlike structure)，修饰先行词the aquatic protozoan Euglena
句子的主干是：One of the familiar living examples is the aquatic protozoan Euglena.
adj. 水生的；水产的；水上的
例 We visited an aquatic city in Italy. 我们访问过意大利的一个水上城市。
adj. 毛一般的；细微的
例 The seeds sprout into small, hairlike seedlings. 种子发育成小小的、毛茸茸的幼苗。
4 An eye is a collection of cells【主句】 that are specialized for light detection through the presence of photosensitive pigment【定语从句1】as well as a means of restricting the direction of incoming light【主句】that will strike the photosensitive cells.【定语从句2】
佳句妙译 眼睛由一组通过感光色素专门感知光线的细胞构成，同时，还能够限制那些照射在感光细胞上的光的方向。
句法精析 这是一个主从复合句，整个句子的结构是主句+定语从句1 +主句+定语从句2，如下：
主句：An eye is a collection of cells
定语从句1：that are specialized for light detection through the presence of photosensitive pigment，修饰先行词a collection of cells
主句：as well as a means of restricting the direction of incoming light
定语从句2：that will strike the photosensitive cells，修饰先行词incoming light
句子的主干是：An eye is a collection of cells as well as a means of restricting the direction of incoming light.
v. 专门从事；特化
例 He specialized in criminal law. 他专攻刑法。
adj. 光敏的，感光的
例 The eye is a complex and highly developed photosensitive organ. 眼睛是一种复杂而且高度进化的感光器官。
n. 颜料；色素
例 The wool is colored using only natural pigment dyes. 该羊毛使用纯天然色素染色。
v. 罢（工、课等）；撞击
例 The ship struck a rock. 船撞到了一块岩石。
短语搭配 a means of… 一种方式；一种工具
例 Television is an effective means of communication. 电视是一种有效的交流方式。
5 But just 50 million years or so later, fossilized bits and pieces of animals abound,【主句】suggesting【现在分词作状语】 that a great burst of evolutionary creativity occurred in the 50-million-year interval.【宾语从句】
佳句妙译 但是，仅仅在大约5000万年后，动物的化石碎片便四处可见，这表明在这5000万年间曾爆发过一次巨大的进化性创造。
句法精析 这是一个主从复合句，整个句子的结构是主句 + 现在分词作状语 + 宾语从句，如下：
主句：But just 50 million years or so later, fossilized bits and pieces of animals abound
现在分词作状语：suggesting that a great burst of evolutionary creativity occurred in the 50-million-year interval，其中包含that引导的宾语从句
v. 盛产；大量存在；充满
例 The lakes abound with fish. 这些湖里有许多鱼。
n. 爆炸；爆发
例 Her burst of exuberance and her brightness overwhelmed me. 她勃发的热情和阳光的性格征服了我。
adj. 进化的
例 Their evolutionary rate does seem to have slowed down. 它们的进化速度看来确实是慢下来了。
n. 间隔；幕间休息；区间
例 He knocked on the door and after a brief interval it was opened. 他敲了敲门，过了一会儿门打开了。
短语搭配 bits and pieces 零碎；星星点点
例 Bits and pieces of the past raced through her mind. 往昔的点点滴滴涌上她的心头。
6 The Burgess Shale fossils are extraordinarily important【主句】because among them are remains of soft-bodied creatures,【原因状语从句】 many of them lacking shells and other hard parts that fossilize easily.【独立主格结构】
佳句妙译 伯吉斯页岩化石的意义十分重大，因为在这些化石中发现了软体生物的遗迹，其中许多都没有壳和其他容易石化的坚硬部分。
句法精析 这是一个主从复合句，整个句子的结构是：主句+原因状语从句+独立主格结构，如下：
主句：The Burgess Shale fossils are extraordinarily important
原因状语从句：because among them are remains of soft-bodied creatures
独立主格结构：many of them lacking shells and other hard parts that fossilize easily
adv. 非常，极其
例 She did extraordinarily well. 她做得非常好。
n. 遗骨，残骸；废墟，遗址；剩余物
例 She fed the remains of her lunch to the dog. 她把午餐吃剩的食物喂狗了。
v. 使成化石；使陈腐
例 Needs change while policies fossilize. 需求发生了变化，但政策却僵化不变。
7 The reconstructed eyes of these Burgess animals look superficially like eyes of some living crustaceans,【主句】particularly those of shrimp and crabs【同位语】 whose eyes are mounted on stalks【定语从句1】 that improve the range of vision by raising the eyes above the surface of the head.【定语从句2】
佳句妙译 这些伯吉斯动物的改造眼表面上看起来与一些甲壳纲动物的眼睛相似，尤其是虾、蟹，它们的眼睛长在肉柄上，突起时可以扩大视野范围。
句法精析 这是一个主从复合句，整个句子的结构是主句+同位语+定语从句1 +定语从句2，如下：
主句：The reconstructed eyes of these Burgess animals look superficially like eyes of some living crustaceans
同位语：particularly those of shrimp and crabs，是eyes of some living crustaceans的同位语
定语从句1：whose eyes are mounted on stalks，修饰先行词 shrimp and crabs
定语从句2：that improve the range of vision by raising the eyes above the surface of the head，修饰先行词stalks
v. 重建；重现；改造
例 Elaborate efforts were made to reconstruct what had happened. 为重现当时的情景，他们做了大量细致的工作。
adv. 表面地；肤浅地
例 Their paintings are superficially similar. 他们的画作表面上看起来相似。
v. 登上；上升；安装
例 The death toll continues to mount. 死亡人数还在不断攀升。
8 How violent these processes were【主语从句】is suggested【谓语】 by the odd tilt and spin of many of the planets,【状语】which indicate【定语从句】 that each of the planets was, like a billiard ball, struck at some stage by another large body of some kind.【宾语从句】
佳句妙译 许多星球呈奇特的倾斜姿势，并不停旋转，由此可见这些过程的剧烈程度，同时也表明了每颗星球就像台球一样，在某些阶段会与另一个体积更大的星球发生碰撞。
句法精析 这是一个主从复合句，整个句子的结构是主语从句+谓语+状语+定语从句+宾语从句，如下：
主语从句：How violent these processes were
谓语：is suggested
状语：by the odd tilt and spin of many of the planets
定语从句：which indicate...
宾语从句：that each of the planets was, like a billiard ball, struck at some stage by another large body of some kind
n. 倾斜
例 The table is at a slight tilt. 桌子有点倾斜。
n. 旋转
例 We calculated the rate of spin. 我们算出了旋转速度。
9 Although the presence of eyes on some of the Burgess animals indicates【让步状语从句】 that eyes have been around for a very long time,【宾语从句】it is unlikely that these were the first eyes;【并列主句1】 they seem much too large and (potentially) well developed to be brand new inventions.【并列主句2】
佳句妙译 虽然一些伯吉斯动物有眼睛这一事实表明眼睛已存在相当长一段时间，但也不能说明是最早的；它们的眼睛看起来太大，发育得过于完善，不像是新的发明物。
句法精析 这是一个并列复合句，整个句子的结构是让步状语从句+宾语从句+并列主句1+并列主句2，如下：
让步状语从句：Although the presence of eyes on some of the Burgess animals indicates...
宾语从句：that eyes have been around for a very long time
并列主句1：it is unlikely that these were the first eyes，其中，it为形式主语，代替逻辑主语that these were the first eyes
并列主句2：they seem much too large and (potentially) well developed to be brand new inventions
v. 表明；指示；暗示
例 Surveys indicate that supporters of the treaty are still in the majority. 调查表明，该条约的支持者仍然占大多数。
adv. 潜在地；可能地
例 The water shortage in this country is potentially catastrophic. 这个国家的水资源匮乏可能会带来灾难性的后果。
短语搭配 it is unlikely that… …不可能
例 It’s most unlikely that she’ll arrive before seven. 七点前她不可能到。
10 So we must imagine the early Earth as a mixture of rocky materials, metals, and trapped gases,【主句】subject to constant bombardment by smaller planetesimals and without much of an atmosphere.【形容词短语作状语】
佳句妙译 所以，我们要将早期的地球想象成一个由岩石、金属和积存气体共同组成的混合体，长期经受着小行星的撞击，也没有什么大气层。
句法精析 这是一个简单句，整个句子的结构是主句+形容词短语作状语，如下：
主句：So we must imagine the early Earth as a mixture of rocky materials, metals, and trapped gases
形容词短语作状语：subject to constant bombardment by smaller planetesimals and without much of an atmosphere，subject前面省略了be动词
知识拓展 形容词（短语）作状语
1. 形容词（短语）作方式或伴随状语，位置比较灵活：
Flushed and breathless, she bounded in through the gate. 她满脸通红、气喘吁吁地从大门口跑了进来。
2. 形容词（短语）作原因状语，一般置于句首，有时也可位于句中：
Afraid of being scolded, little Franz thought of playing truant. 由于害怕挨骂，小弗朗兹一时起了逃学的念头。
3. 形容词（短语）作时间或条件状语，通常位于句首，也可位于句末：
Ripe, these apples are sweet. 这种苹果熟了的时候很甜。
4. 形容词（短语）作让步状语，一般位于句首，有时也可位于句中：
Wet or fine, he got up at six and took a walk in the park. 不管天晴还是下雨，他总是六点起床在公园里散步。
5. 形容词（短语）作结果状语，位置比较灵活：
For a moment she just stood there, unable to believe what had just happened. 她在那儿呆呆地站了一会儿，不敢相信刚才发生的事情。
n. 混合，混杂
例 The diaries are a mixture of confession, work in progress and observation. 这些日记里既有自白，也有当下工作记录，还有见闻评论。
adj. 多岩石的；坚如磐石的；不稳定的
例 Their relationship had gotten off to a rocky start. 他们的关系在磕磕绊绊中开始了。
n. 炮击；轰炸
例 The city came under heavy bombardment. 这座城市遭受了严重的轰炸。
派 bombard（v. 炮击；轰炸）
短语搭配 be subject to 受支配；从属于；遭受…
例 Flights are subject to delay because of the fog. 由于起雾，航班延迟了。
11 As it began to reach full size,【时间状语从句】 Earth heated up,【主句】 partly because of collisions with other planetesimals and partly because of increasing internal pressures as it grew in size.【原因状语】
佳句妙译 地球在开始胀大的同时，温度也不断升高，这既是因为与其他行星发生了碰撞的缘故，也是由于体积变大导致内压不断升高的缘故。
句法精析 这是一个复合句，整个句子的结构是时间状语从句+主句+原因状语，如下：
时间状语从句：As it began to reach full size
主句：Earth heated up
原因状语：partly because of collisions with other planetesimals and partly because of increasing internal pressures as it grew in size，该状语中还包含另一个时间状语从句as it grew in size
n. 碰撞；冲突；（意见、看法的）抵触
例 He heard tires squeal as the car braked to avoid a collision. 为避免相撞而刹车时，他听到了轮胎与地面刺耳的摩擦声。
短语搭配 heat up 变热；加热；使变得激烈
例 The hall will soon heat up once the crowd arrive. 人群一旦到来，大厅很快就会沸腾起来。
partly because of… partly because of… 部分由于…部分由于…
例 He was known as Mad Shelly partly because of his eccentricity and partly because of his violent temper. 大家都叫他“疯子谢利”，部分原因在于他的古怪，部分在于他火爆的脾气。
12 With the help of bombardment by comets,【伴随状语】 whose many impacts scarred and heated Earth’s surface,【定语从句1】 the lightest silicates rose to Earth’s surface,【主句】 where they cooled more rapidly than the better-insulated materials in Earth’s interior.【定语从句2】
佳句妙译 在彗星的碰撞下，地球表面变得破败不堪，地表温度上升，最轻的硅酸盐也由此暴露在地表，而与地球内部那些绝热物质相比，在地表的硅酸盐可以更迅速地冷却。
句法精析 这是一个主从复合句，整个句子的结构是伴随状语+定语从句1 +主句+定语从句2，如下：
伴随状语：With the help of bombardment by comets
定语从句1：whose many impacts scarred and heated Earth’s surface
主句：the lightest silicates rose to Earth’s surface
定语从句2：where they cooled more rapidly than the better-insulated materials in Earth’s interior
n. 彗星
例 They observed the comet for 70 days before it faded from sight. 他们观察了这颗彗星70天，直至其慢慢从视线中消失。
v. 使留下伤痕；结疤
例 His face was badly scarred. 他脸上留下了很严重的伤疤。
v. 使绝缘；使隔热；使孤立
例 He continues to insulate his country from the contagion of foreign ideas. 他继续使本国远离外来思想的侵袭。
短语搭配 with the help of… 在…的帮助下；借助于，利用
例 With the help of this machine, we can make a new product. 利用这台机器，我们能够生产一种新产品。
13 This material gradually coalesced into lumps【主句】 called planetesimals【分词短语作定语】 as gravity and chance smashed smaller pieces together,【时间状语从句】 a chaotic and violent process【同位语】 that became more so as planetesimals grew in size and gravitational pull.【定语从句】
佳句妙译 由于重力，许多小碎石偶然撞到一起，逐渐结合成块，变成小行星，这个过程十分激烈混乱，而随着小行星体积和重力牵引力的不断增大，情况将更甚。
句法精析 这是一个复合句，整个句子的结构是主句+分词短语作定语+时间状语从句+同位语+定语从句，如下：
主句：This material gradually coalesced into lumps
过去分词短语作定语：called planetesimals，修饰lumps
时间状语从句：as gravity and chance smashed smaller pieces together
同位语：a chaotic and violent process，描述的是as gravity and chance smashed smaller pieces together这一过程
定语从句：that became more so as planetesimals grew in size and gravitational pull，修饰先行词process
v. 联合；合并
例 The views of party leader coalesce to form a coherent policy. 党领导人的各种观点已统一为一致的政策。
n. 块，团；许多，大量
例 They used to buy ten kilos of beef in one lump. 他们过去常买10公斤重的整块牛肉。
v. 打碎；撞击
例 The demonstrators used trucks to smash through embassy gates. 示威者用卡车撞开了使馆大门。
adj. 混沌的；无秩序的
例 The traffic in the city is chaotic in the rush hour. 在上下班高峰时间，城市的交通混乱不堪。
adj. 万有引力的，重力的
例 Its oscillation depends on the strength of the gravitational field. 它的振动幅度取决于引力场的强度。
14 The success of the steam engine resulted in increased demands for coal,【并列主句1】 and the consequent increase in coal production was made possible【并列主句2】 as the steam-powered pumps drained water from the ever-deeper coal seams found below the water table.【原因状语从句】
佳句妙译 蒸汽机的成功带动了煤需求的上涨，而受蒸汽驱动的泵能将地下水位以下的、更深层煤层的水排掉，使得煤的产量也相应增加了。
句法精析 这是一个并列复合句，整个句子的结构是并列主句1 + 并列主句2 + 原因状语从句，如下：
并列主句1：The success of the steam engine resulted in increased demands for coal
并列主句2：and the consequent increase in coal production was made possible
原因状语从句：as the steam-powered pumps drained water from the ever-deeper coal seams found below the water table
adj. 随之发生的；必然的；合乎逻辑的
例 Overproduction and consequent low market prices for wine caused economic tremors. 葡萄酒生产过剩及由此造成的市价低迷引起了经济波动。
v. 排水；流干
例 I drain the pasta, then I share it out between two plates. 我将意大利面滤干，然后平分到两个盘子里。
n. 煤层；接合处
例 The average coal seam in this area is one meter thick. 这个地区的煤层平均厚度为1米。
短语搭配 water table 地下水位
例 Environmentalists say that diverting water from the river will lower the water table and dry out wells. 环保主义者称引流河水会导致地下水位下降和水井干枯。
15 Reduced cost was also instrumental in developing steam-powered rolling mills【主句】capable of producing finished iron of various shapes and sizes.【形容词短语作后置定语】
佳句妙译 成本的降低也大大推动了蒸汽驱动轧机的研发，从而生产出各式各样的成品铁。
句法精析 这是一个简单句，整个句子的结构是主句+形容词短语作后置定语，如下：
主句：Reduced cost was also instrumental in developing steam-powered rolling mills
形容词短语作后置定语：capable of producing finished iron of various shapes and sizes，修饰名词mills
知识拓展 形容词作后置定语
单个形容词作定语时，一般处于所修饰的名词之前，但在某些情况下需后置：
1. 修饰somebody, something, anyone, nothing等不定代词时，形容词需放在不定代词后。如：
This isn’t anything important. 这并不是什么重要的东西。
2. 形容词短语作定语时，必须放在所修饰的名词之后。如：
I think he is a man suitable for the job. 我认为他是适合做这项工作的人。
3. 成对的形容词作定语时，考虑到句子的节奏和平衡，可以后置。如：
She has many pencils, blue and red. 她有许多铅笔，有蓝的、红的。
4. 表语形容词作定语时，必须放在所修饰的名词之后。如：
He must be the best violinist alive. 他一定是当代最好的小提琴手了。
adj. 蒸汽驱动的
例 This machine is steam-powered. 这台机器是靠蒸汽驱动的。
短语搭配 be instrumental in… 在…有重要作用、重大意义
例 He was instrumental in bringing about an end to the conflict. 这场冲突能够结束，他起了很重要的作用。
be capable of 能够
例 A running track should be capable of absorbing the impact of a runner’s foot landing on it. 跑道应该能够吸收奔跑者踩踏地面时产生的撞击力。
16 In the late 1700s【时间状语】 James Watt designed an efficient and commercially viable steam engine【主句】 that was soon applied to a variety of industrial uses【定语从句】 as it became cheaper to use.【时间状语从句】
佳句妙译 18世纪末，James Watt设计了一种高效且商业性强的蒸汽机，且随着使用成本的下降，蒸汽机很快便应用于各种工业领域。
句法精析 这是一个复合句，整个句子的结构是时间状语+主句+定语从句+时间状语从句，如下：
时间状语：In the late 1700s
主句：James Watt designed an efficient and commercially viable steam engine
定语从句：that was soon applied to a variety of industrial uses
时间状语从句：as it became cheaper to use
adv. 商业地
例 His invention was not commercially successful. 他的发明没有取得商业上的成功。
adj. 可行的
例 There is no viable alternative. 没有切实可行的备用方案。
派 viability（n. 可行性）
17 Starting around 8000 B.C.E.,【分词短语作时间状语】the most extensive exploitation of agriculture occurred in river valleys,【主句】where there were both good soil and a dependable water supply regardless of the amount of rainfall.【定语从句】
佳句妙译 大约自公元前8000年始，河谷地区的农业发展得最为广泛，因为在这儿，无论降雨量多少，土壤都很肥沃，水源也充足。
句法精析 这是一个复合句，整个句子的结构是现在分词短语作时间状语+主句+定语从句，如下：
时间状语：Starting around 8000 B.C.E.
主句：the most extensive exploitation of agriculture occurred in river valleys
定语从句：where there were both good soil and a dependable water supply regardless of the amount of rainfall
adj. 广阔的；范围广泛的
例 He has received extensive corrective surgery to his skull. 他的头骨做过大面积的矫形手术。
n. 开发；利用；剥削
例 Almost without exception these women fall victim to exploitation. 这些女性几乎无一例外都受到了盘剥。
n. 山谷，峡谷
例 The floods surged over the valley. 洪水奔腾澎湃漫过峡谷。
adj. 可信赖的，可靠的
例 He was a good friend, a dependable companion. 他是一个很好的朋友，一个可以信赖的伙伴。
短语搭配 regardless of 不管，不论
例 It takes in anybody regardless of religion, color, or creed. 任何人，不论宗教、肤色或信仰，都可以加入。
18 Thus, early civilizations based on large-scale agriculture,【主语】such as those of Mesopotamia and Egypt,【插入语】 were feasible only in soils【系表结构】 that could be worked by wooden plows【定语从句】 pulled by people on draft animals such as oxen.【过去分词短语作定语】
佳句妙译 因此，基于规模化农业而发展起来的早期文明，如美索不达米亚和埃及文明，只适合在依然靠人力或牛等役畜拉动木犁的土地上发展。
句法精析 这是一个复合句，整个句子的结构是主语+插入语+系表结构+定语从句+过去分词短语作定语，如下：
主语：Thus, early civilizations based on large-scale agriculture
插入语：such as those of Mesopotamia and Egypt
系表结构：were feasible only in soils
定语从句：that could be worked by wooden plows
过去分词短语作定语：pulled by people or draft animals such as oxen
句子的主干是：Thus, early civilizations based on large-scale agriculture were feasible only in soils.
adj. 可行的
例 It’s quite clear that the electric car is technically feasible. 很清楚，电动汽车在工艺技术上是可行的。
19 One explanation for downstream sorting is【主句】 that abrasion wears away the boulders and cobbles to sand and silt【表语从句】 as the sediment moves downstream over the years.【时间状语从句】
佳句妙译 对于下游这种分类现象的出现，有这样一种解释：年复一年，沉淀物逐渐向下游转移，巨砾和卵石则在水流的腐蚀下渐渐变成了沙和淤泥。
句法精析 这是一个复合句，整个句子的结构是主句+表语从句+时间状语从句，如下：
主句：One explanation for downstream sorting is...
表语从句：that abrasion wears away the boulders and cobbles to sand and silt
时间状语从句：as the sediment moves downstream over the years
adj. 顺流而下的；在下游方向的
例 Breaking the dam could submerge downstream cities such as Wuhan. 摧毁大坝可能会淹没下游城市，比如武汉。
n. 磨损；擦伤处；腐蚀（作用）
例 Diamonds have extreme resistance to abrasion. 钻石极抗磨损。
n. 巨砾
例 I saw her push the boulder down on you. 我看见她将巨石推下砸向你。
n. 淤泥，泥沙
例 The water contains fine silt. 水里含有细泥沙。
n. 沉淀物
例 The sediment settled and the water was clear. 杂质沉淀后，水变清了。
短语搭配 wear away 磨损，磨掉；消逝
例 Rain and frost are natural agents that wear away rocks. 雨和霜都是磨蚀岩石的自然力。
20 But maps【主语】that show the various spots【定语从句1】 where Roman pottery of a particular type has been found【定语从句2】tell only part of the story.【谓语+宾语】
佳句妙译 然而，这些标记出某种罗马陶瓷的发现地的地图也只道出了部分事实。
句法精析 这是一个主从复合句，整个句子的结构是主语+定语从句1 +定语从句2 +谓语+宾语，如下：
主语：But maps
定语从句1：that show the various spots
定语从句2：where Roman pottery of a particular type has been found
谓语+宾语：tell only part of the story
句子的主干是：But maps tell only part of the story.
n. 陶瓷，陶器
例 She now also takes pottery classes at a community center. 她现在还在社区中心上陶艺课。