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三、由介词构成的短语动词和介词短语

1. 由介词构成的短语动词

由“动词 + 介词”构成的短语动词:

由“动词 + 介词”构成的短语动词非常之多,常见的如:

Greasy food doesn’t agree with me. 我不适合吃油腻的食物。

Where did you come across the book? 这书你在哪里找到的?

Can we count on you to support us? 我们能指望你支持我们吗?

I ’m dying for a cup of coffee. 我很想喝一杯咖啡。

Then I hit on an idea. 这时我想起一个主意。

由“动词 + 副词 + 介词”构成的短语动词:

Finally they did away with the bad law. 最后他们废除了这条不好的法律。

Let’s get down to business (the problem). 咱们开始干起来(处理这个问题)。

She goes in for badminton and tennis. 她爱好打羽毛球和网球。

The weeks passed. Martin ran out of money. 一星期一星期地过去,马丁的钱用完了。

2. 介词短语

英语中除了短语动词,还有大量短语由介词构成,仅以下面几个介词来看由它们引导的许多短语:

at:

at a stretch 一连

at all costs 不惜一切代价

at a time 一次

at any rate 不管怎样

at ease 稍息

at first sight乍一看,一见

at home 在家,随便

at last 最后

at liberty 自由,有权(做某事)

at most 至多

at one blow (stroke)一下子

at one’s wit’s end 计穷,没有办法了

at play (work)在玩(工作)

at random 随意地,胡乱地

at the risk of 冒……的危险

at the top of one’s voice 高声地

at will 任意地

at first最初,开始时

at hand 不远,快到

at large 逍遥法外,未被关注

at least 至少

at the moment 此刻

at once 立即,同时

at one’s fingertips非常熟悉

at peace (war)处于和平状态(在交战)

at present 现在,目前

at the earliest (latest)至早(迟)

at the same time(与此)同时

at times 有时候

by:

by bus (plane, etc. )坐公共汽车(飞机等)

by air 航空,乘飞机

by any chance 碰巧,恰好

by chance 偶然

by day (night)白天(夜间)

by far 最最(修饰最高级)

by leaps and bounds 飞跃地

by mistake 错误地

by post 邮(寄)

by the way 顺便说

by accident 偶然

by all means 想一切办法

by birth 出身……

by cheque (credit card)用支票(信用卡)

by daylight 在大白天

by force 靠武力

by means of 借助

by no means 绝不,一点也不

by surprise 突然……

by turns 轮流

in:

in a nutshell 概括地说,总之

in a sense 从某个意义上说

in addition (to)此外(除……之外)

in all 总共

in brief 简言之

in case of 在……情况下

in conclusion 最后,总之

in depth 深入地

in detail 详细地

in fact 实际上

in a row 成一长行,一排

in accordance with 按照,根据

in advance 事前

in any case (event)不管怎样

in case 要是,如果

in comparison 比较起来

in danger 处于危险之中

in debt 负债

in doubt(对……)有怀疑

in full 全部地,全文地

in general 一般说来

in love 在恋爱

in one’s opinion 在(某人)看来

in order to (that)以便……,为了

in part(s)部分地

in practice 实际上

in regard to 关于

in short 总之

in terms of 就……来说

in the course of 在……过程中

in the daytime 在白天

in the event of 如果发生(某种情况)

in the least 一点(也不)

in the main 一般说来

in the middle of 在……中间

in vain 白白地,没有结果

in ink (pencil)用钢笔(铅笔)写的

in no time 很快(就)

in order (disorder)井井有条(乱)

in other words 换句话说

in person 亲自

in public (private)公开地(私下地)

in return 回过来,作为报答

in spite of 尽管

in that 在……方面,因为

in the dark 蒙在鼓里,不了解情况

in the end 最后

in (the) face of 在……面前

in the long run 从长远来说

in the meantime 与此同时,在此期间

in time 及时地 in turn 轮流

on:

on account of 由于

on behalf of 代表(某人)

on business 出差,办事

on credit 赊购

on duty 值班

on foot 步行(去)

on holiday 在休假

on one’s own 独立地

on sale 在出售

on the contrary 相反

on the point of 正要

on the way 在路上

on top of 在……上面

on average 平均

on board 在船上

on condition 在……条件下

on display 展出

on fire 着火了

on guard 有警惕

on no account 绝不

on purpose 故意地

on strike 在罢工

on the phone 在接(打)电话

on the spot 就地

on time 准时

on trial 正在受审

out of:

out of control 无法控制

out of date 过时

out of fashion 不时兴,过时

out of order 坏了

out of danger 脱险

out of doors 在户外

out of one’s mind 不去想(某事),发疯

out of pain 没有疼痛

out of patience 失去耐心

out of temper 发脾气

out of the ordinary 不同寻常

out of work 失业

out of sight 看不见了

out of the question 不可能

out of use 不再使用

还有许多短语介词夹在名词之间,如:

day after day 日复一日地

one after another 一个接一个地

little by little 一点一点地

step by step 一步一步地

arm in arm 手挽手地

day to day 日常的

heart-to-heart 互相交心的

the day after tomorrow 后天

year after year 年复一年地

one by one 一个接一个地

side by side 并肩

face to face 面对面

hand in hand 手牵手地

day by day 一天一天地

the day before yesterday 前天

还有一些短语包含两个介词,如:

from beginning to end 从头到尾

from bad to worse 越来越糟

from time to time 不时地

from head to foot 从头到脚,浑身

from morning to night 从早到晚

from door to door 挨门挨户地

from place to place 到各地

from cover to cover(书)从头到尾

from generation to generation 一代一代地

from top to bottom 整个地,彻底地

from hand to mouth 勉强糊口

from start to finish从头到尾,自始至终

还有一些“ be + 形容词 + 介词”构成的短语,如:

be fond of 喜欢

be interested in 对……有兴趣

be confident in对……有信心

be sick of 厌恶

be good at 善于

be afraid of 害怕

be jealous of 妒忌

be amazed at 对……感到惊讶

be ashamed of 为……感到羞愧

be full of 充满

be keen on 热衷于

be short of 缺乏

be proud of 对……感到骄傲

be delighted with 对……很高兴

be absent from 未出席

be aware of 意识到

be busy with 忙于(某事)

be careless of 对……不在意

be different from 和……不同

be married to 和……结婚

be worried about 为……担心

be allergic to 对……敏感

be careful of 当心

be curious about 对……好奇

be famous for 因……而出名

be satisfied with对……感到满意

be capable of 能做某事

be intent on 专心致志于 x4gZQq/gDQ3N6/BDapg7O5mpEuWGA0UiymhmiLWWE4HMEALWYVHL/Wq+ZO1liX83

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