疑问代词有以下这些: who, whom, whose, what, which
(1) who 和 whom 的用法( who 是主格, whom 是宾格):
① who 可以用作主语或表语:
Who has borrowed my pen? 谁借了我的钢笔?
“ Who is that girl?”“She’s my cousin.”“那女孩是谁?”“她是我表妹。”
② whom 可用作宾语:
Whom do you like best? 你最喜欢谁?
Whom are you writing to? 你在给谁写信?
③在口语中都用 who 代替 whom :
Who did you choose for the team? 你们选了谁加入这个队?
Who did you dance with? 你和谁一起跳舞了?
④在紧跟介词时只能用宾格 whom :
With whom did you go? 你是和谁一起去的?
To whom shall I speak? 我该和谁谈?
( 2 ) whose 是所有格,表示“谁的”,可用作:
①主语:
Whose won the first prize?谁的获头等奖?
Whose is better? 谁的好一些?
②表语:
Whose is this? 这是谁的?
③宾语:
Whose are you going to borrow? 你准备借谁的?
④ whose 一般很少单独使用,通常加上名词使用,在名词前作定语。
Whose book is this? 这是谁的书?
( 3 ) what 和 which 的用法
what 和 which 可在句中用作:
①主语:
What happened? 发生了什么事?
Which are our seats? 哪些是我们的座位?
②宾语:
What did she say? 她怎么说?
What are you worrying about? 你为什么事发愁?
Which of them should we rely on? 他们中间我们应当依靠谁?
③ what 和 which 加上名词可变成限定词/定语:
What things happened after we left? 我们离开后发生了什么事?
Which seats are ours? 哪些是我们的座位?
④ what 还可用作表语,表示“职业”:
What ’s your father? 你父亲是干什么的?
⑤ whoever, whatever 是 who 和 what 的强调形式:
Whoever said that? 谁说的这个话?
Whatever are they afraid of? 他们到底怕什么?
疑问代词在引导从句时,都称为连接代词,包括 who, whom, what, which , whose, whoever, whichever, whomever, whatever 。它们可以引导:
(1)主语从句:
It hasn’t been announced who won the prizes. 还没宣布谁获奖。
It is clear enough what he meant. 他是什么意思很清楚。
Whatever he said was right. 他所说的都是对的。
( 2 )宾语从句:
I don’t know who(m) you mean. 我不知道你指谁。
Give it to whomever (whoever) you like. 把它送给你愿意送的任何人。
( 3 )表语从句:
The question is who (m) we should trust. 问题是我们应当相信谁。
What I want to know is which road we should take. 我想知道的是我们应走哪条路。
(4)连接代词还可引导不定式,用作宾语:
Show me what to do. 告诉我怎样做。
I can’t decide which to choose. 我不能决定选哪个好。
He doesn’t know whom to believe. 他不知该相信谁。
what 的作用有时接近关系代词,可引导从句,表示“ the thing which/that…” ,相当于一个“名词 + 定语从句”,如:
What I want to say(= The thing I want to say)is this. 我想说的是这个。
This is what I bought(= the thing I bought). 这是我买的东西。
这种 what 可称为关系代词型 what ( relative what )。因为在意思上它仿佛是一个关系代词。它引导的从句可以在句中作:
(1)主语:
What is over is over. 过去的事就过去了。
( 2 )宾语:
She began to criticize what Philip had done. 她开始批评菲利普的行为。
( 3 )介词的宾语:
He gave a description of what he had seen. 他描述了他看到的情况。
(4)表语:
That’s what I hope. 这是我的愿望。
( 5 )在从句中 what 有时用作定语:
We gave him what (little) help we could. 我们给了他我们力所能及的帮助。
He collected what information he could find.他把能找到的资料都收集起来。
由 ever 构成的连接代词(也被称作连词), whoever 、 whatever 、 whichever 、 whomever ,除引导名词性从句外,还可引导状语从句,表示“不管……”:
Whoever you are, you can’t pass this way. 不管你是谁,你都不能从这里通过。
Whatever happened, I must be calm. 不管发生什么情况,我都必须镇静。
Whichever side wins, I shall be happy. 不管哪边赢,我都会高兴。
whenever、 wherever、however 是连接词,但不是代词。