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五、疑问代词和连接代词

1. 疑问代词

疑问代词有以下这些: who, whom, whose, what, which

(1) who whom 的用法( who 是主格, whom 是宾格):

who 可以用作主语或表语:

Who has borrowed my pen? 谁借了我的钢笔?

Who is that girl?”“She’s my cousin.”“那女孩是谁?”“她是我表妹。”

whom 可用作宾语:

Whom do you like best? 你最喜欢谁?

Whom are you writing to? 你在给谁写信?

③在口语中都用 who 代替 whom

Who did you choose for the team? 你们选了谁加入这个队?

Who did you dance with? 你和谁一起跳舞了?

④在紧跟介词时只能用宾格 whom

With whom did you go? 你是和谁一起去的?

To whom shall I speak? 我该和谁谈?

2 whose 是所有格,表示“谁的”,可用作:

①主语:

Whose won the first prize?谁的获头等奖?

Whose is better? 谁的好一些?

②表语:

Whose is this? 这是谁的?

③宾语:

Whose are you going to borrow? 你准备借谁的?

whose 一般很少单独使用,通常加上名词使用,在名词前作定语。

Whose book is this? 这是谁的书?

3 what which 的用法

what which 可在句中用作:

①主语:

What happened? 发生了什么事?

Which are our seats? 哪些是我们的座位?

②宾语:

What did she say? 她怎么说?

What are you worrying about? 你为什么事发愁?

Which of them should we rely on? 他们中间我们应当依靠谁?

what which 加上名词可变成限定词/定语:

What things happened after we left? 我们离开后发生了什么事?

Which seats are ours? 哪些是我们的座位?

what 还可用作表语,表示“职业”:

What ’s your father? 你父亲是干什么的?

whoever, whatever who what 的强调形式:

Whoever said that? 谁说的这个话?

Whatever are they afraid of? 他们到底怕什么?

2. 连接代词

疑问代词在引导从句时,都称为连接代词,包括 who, whom, what, which whose, whoever, whichever, whomever, whatever 。它们可以引导:

(1)主语从句:

It hasn’t been announced who won the prizes. 还没宣布谁获奖。

It is clear enough what he meant. 他是什么意思很清楚。

Whatever he said was right. 他所说的都是对的。

2 )宾语从句:

I don’t know who(m) you mean. 我不知道你指谁。

Give it to whomever (whoever) you like. 把它送给你愿意送的任何人。

3 )表语从句:

The question is who (m) we should trust. 问题是我们应当相信谁。

What I want to know is which road we should take. 我想知道的是我们应走哪条路。

(4)连接代词还可引导不定式,用作宾语:

Show me what to do. 告诉我怎样做。

I can’t decide which to choose. 我不能决定选哪个好。

He doesn’t know whom to believe. 他不知该相信谁。

3. 关系代词型的what

what 的作用有时接近关系代词,可引导从句,表示“ the thing which/that…” ,相当于一个“名词 + 定语从句”,如:

What I want to say(= The thing I want to say)is this. 我想说的是这个。

This is what I bought(= the thing I bought). 这是我买的东西。

这种 what 可称为关系代词型 what relative what )。因为在意思上它仿佛是一个关系代词。它引导的从句可以在句中作:

(1)主语:

What is over is over. 过去的事就过去了。

2 )宾语:

She began to criticize what Philip had done. 她开始批评菲利普的行为。

3 )介词的宾语:

He gave a description of what he had seen. 他描述了他看到的情况。

(4)表语:

That’s what I hope. 这是我的愿望。

5 )在从句中 what 有时用作定语:

We gave him what (little) help we could. 我们给了他我们力所能及的帮助。

He collected what information he could find.他把能找到的资料都收集起来。

4. 由ever构成的连接代词

ever 构成的连接代词(也被称作连词), whoever whatever whichever whomever ,除引导名词性从句外,还可引导状语从句,表示“不管……”:

Whoever you are, you can’t pass this way. 不管你是谁,你都不能从这里通过。

Whatever happened, I must be calm. 不管发生什么情况,我都必须镇静。

Whichever side wins, I shall be happy. 不管哪边赢,我都会高兴。

whenever、 wherever、however 是连接词,但不是代词。 yeGrrq5zNua7tb6JN3KTNpwJZQbGW3yN+Q5Wj8de1R5ye6Qw8IrQSJG9MUl4mY5N

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