反身代词( reflexive-pronouns )也称自身代词( self pronouns ),主要有以下这些:
另外, oneself 也是一个反身代词。
(1)反身代词主要用作动词宾语或介词的宾语,在很多动词后可用反身代词作宾语,常用的如:
ask behave blame busy check compose conduct content
contradict control cry deceive distinguish dress engage enjoy
excuse exert express feed free hide kill introduce pledge
praise pride seat see shave strain support trouble
I can’t express myself in English. 我不能用英语表达思想。
Take good care of yourself (yourselves) . 好好保重。
( 2 )反身代词有时可以和介词一道构成状语:
He was pleased with himself . 他很得意。
( 3 )也可用在复合宾语中:
He felt himself very ignorant. 他感到自己很幼稚。
She found herself in agreement with both sides. 她发现自己对双方的意见都同意。
(4)反身代词还可用作主语或宾语的同位语:
He himself was a doctor. 他本人就是一位医生。
I must begin by telling you about the girl herself . 我先得给你谈谈这姑娘本身的情况。
( 5 )在个别情况下反身代词可用作表语或主语:
I am not quite myself these days. 我近来身体不大舒服。(作表语)
My wife and myself (= I)were invited to the party. 我妻子和我自己都受到这个聚会的邀请。(作主语)
( 6 )还可用在 as 或 than 后面:
My sister is as tall as (I) myself . 我妹妹和我一样高。
No one realizes that better than (he) himself . 这一点没有人比他了解得更清楚。
( 7 )反身代词还可用在一些短语中,除了以上提及的一些,还有:
① among themselves (ourselves) 他们(我们)之间相互
② between ourselves 咱们私下说说(不宜让外人知道)
③ by oneself 独自一人;自己(没别人帮忙):
You’d have to go by yourself . 你得一个人去。
He did it by himself . 他是自己干的。
④ for oneself 替自己,为自己:
He has a right to decide for himself . 他有权为自己做出决定。
⑤ in oneself 本身:
The idea is not bad in itself . 这主意本身不错。
⑥ to oneself 给自己用:
She had a room to herself . 她自己有一间房。
相互代词只有 one another 和 each other 。一般来说, each other 指两人间的相互关系; one another 指几个人之间的相互关系,但二者也可互换使用。主要用作宾语,如:
We have known each other since we were children. 我们从小就(相互)认识。
They sat down opposite to each other . 他们面对面地坐了下来。
They were pleased with one another . 他们彼此很喜欢。
相互代词的所有格和 ’s 一道构成定语(彼此的):
They have great concern for each other’s work. 他们很关心彼此的工作。
They often stay in one another’s house. 他们常常在彼此的家里住。