People’s behavior is largely determined by forces not of their own making.
Write a response in which you discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the statement and explain your reasoning for the position you take. In developing and supporting your position, you should consider ways in which the statement might or might not hold true and explain how these considerations shape your position.
(1)一个人的行为到底由哪些因素决定?外力是不是其中之一?除了外力,还有哪些因素能决定人的行为?人的生理特征会不会影响一个人的行为?性格呢?
(2)每一种外力都一定是不可见的吗?你能举出能感知的外力和不能感知的外力的例子吗?家庭因素、环境因素都是可以感知的,而道德、信仰等无形的外力和约束力却难以感知。
(3)有没有可能发生这样的情况:一个人认为是自己的决策力决定了自己的行为,但实际上起决定作用的是社会的约束力?例如,在公交车上给老人和小孩让座,是否可能是因为受到社会风气和道德约束的影响?
(4)遵循社会道德和社会规范一定是好事情吗?或者一定是不好的事情吗?为什么?遵循社会道德和规范会使社会更加和谐有序,但也可能导致道德绑架,是非不分。社会规范是如何产生的呢?社会规范是个体社会行为的价值标准,是用以衡量个体行为的社会意义并作出判断的依据,社会规范是由一定的社会组织提出并依据社会组织自身的利益需要及价值观确定的,具有鲜明的社会制约性。
(5)在社会规范和个人价值观出现不一致时,你更倾向于遵循哪一个?
人类,不像只凭本能行动的动物,是受到道德规范和社会法则约束的:他们被要求不去做那些被认为是不合适或错误的行为,并为自己的错误行为负责。一个群体只有在它其中的个体愿意遵守规则并愿意承担责任的前提下才能良好运作(可以用短语only if)。然而,这并不意味着个体就完全没有自己的自由。
Human beings, unlike animals who mainly act to their instincts, are bounded by moral norms and social laws: they are required to refrain from committing those actions that are deemed to be inappropriate or wrong and to take responsibilities for their wrongdoings. A community can function well only if the individuals in it are willing to obey and to take responsibility. This,however, doesn’t mean that individuals don’t have any freedom of their own at all.
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