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9 In any field of endeavor, it is impossible to make a significant contribution without first being strongly influenced by pas achievements within that fiel

In any field of endeavor, it is impossible to make a significant contribution without first being strongly influenced by past achievements within that field.

Write a response in which you discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the statement and explain your reasoning for the position you take. In developing and supporting your position, you should consider ways in which the statement might or might not hold true and explain how these considerations shape your position.

文勇五问:

(1)请大家先想一想:学科间的差异明显吗?特别年轻的学科有哪些?例如计算机、基因工程等。特别有历史感的学科有哪些?例如:数学、哲学、心理学、物理学等。

(2)请分析一下:为何古希腊容易出现大量的博物学家?只是因为他们的知识水平特别高吗?还是有别的原因?这个分析过程对你最终的论断是否有影响?亚里士多德、达·芬奇、伽利略这样全面发展的学者是否可能在现今社会再出现?

(3)经验是重要的吗?在哪些方面、哪种情况下,经验可能是重要的?你能举出具体例子吗?例如:在医学手术中,病人出现突发情况,有经验的医生可以根据经验及时判断病情,挽救病人生命。

(4)请举出一个例子,说明某人在没有受到前人影响的情况下取得了巨大成就;或者举出一个与之相悖的例子。例如:德国物理学家伦琴发现了X射线,如果当初他受到克鲁克斯实验的影响,误以为实验的干板有问题而放弃研究,也就不会发现X射线的存在。

(5)你会如何改进原文的论断,使其更加可信?后人在某一领域的重大成就离不开前人的奠基,但是不是也不应局限于前人的成就呢?应取其精华,去其糟粕,用批判的眼光看问题。

翻译练习:

现在的成就并不是不依靠过去的成果就能取得的(可用短语be independent of)。事实上,正是从先辈传下来的知识和智慧中,我们才获得了取得突破所需的灵感。

参考答案:

Current accomplishments were not at all independent of past achievements. Indeed, it is from the knowledge and wisdom passed down from our predecessors that we get the inspiration for our breakthroughs.

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