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介词是一种虚词，必须和名词、代词或名词性词语构成介词短语，表示一定的功能。介词可以表示时间、空间、方式等。本书着重介绍表示时间、空间、方式及其他介词的用法。
最常见的表示时间的介词有at，in，on，before，during，after，from。
（一）at，on，in
1. at表示具体时间，意思是“在某一时刻”，常与o'clock，half past ...等表示具体时间的短语连用。
I get up at half past six every morning.我每天早上六点半起床。
The shops open at ten.商店十点开门。
常用短语：
at 11：00 o'clock 在十一点 at a quarter past four 在四点一刻
at midnight 在午夜 at the weekend 在周末
at Christmas 在圣诞 at any time 随时
at night 在晚上 at noon 中午
at sunrise 日出时 at sunset 日落时
at the beginning of ...在……开始的时候
at the end of ....在……结束的时候
at the age of 在……岁时
2. on表示具体的某一天，意思是“在那一天”，“某一天的上午、中午或晚上”常与day等表示具体星期、日期的词连用。如：on Sunday（s），on April 1 st ，on New Year's Day等。
We have only five classes on Friday.周五我们只有五节课。
The film is on July 18.电影将于七月十八日上映。
常用短语：
on Sunday morning 周日上午 on Monday afternoon 周一下午
on Friday evening 周五晚上 on Saturday night 周六晚上
on time 准时
3. in表示在一段时间内，也可表示在将来或从现在算起的一段时间之后。通常与January，February等表示月份的词、spring，summer等表示季节的词及year，month，week等表示一段时间的词连用。
I often go swimming in summer.我夏天经常去游泳。
The train will arrive in five minutes.火车将于五分钟内到达。
常用短语：
in a year 一年内 in a month 一个月内
in a week 一周内 in three days 三天内
in a few hours 几小时内 in half an hour 在半小时内
in my school days 在我上学期间 in the day time 在白天
in the spring of 2017 在2017年春季
（二）before，during，after
before和after相反，before表示“在……之前”，after表示“在……之后”，during表示在“在……期间”。
I have to finish the work before Friday.我在周五之前必须完成工作。
We don't talk during the meal.吃饭时我们不说话。
Let's play basketball after school.放学后我们去打篮球吧。
from的意思是“从……时开始”开始的意思，常和介词to连用，组成“from ...to ...”的结构，意思是“从……到……”。
My father goes to work from Monday to Friday.我父亲从周一到周五去工作。
I lived in Shandong from 1990 to 2000.从1990年到2000年我住在山东。
Tips：
在this，last，next，every 组成的词组前不用介词at/on/in。如：this morning，last week，next Monday，every day
Are you going to see the film this evening？你今晚出去看电影吗？
My grandpa does morning exercises every day.我爷爷每天做早操。
Exercises
5.1 Write at/on/in （在空格内填入at，on，in）
1. ____ September 1 st 2.____ Friday evening
3. ____ half past ten 4.____ Christmas
5. ____ the end of this week 6.____ spring
7. ____ the morning 8.____ night
9. ____ a year 10.____ New Year's Day
11. ____ 2017 12.____ Wednesday
5.2 Read and choose （选择适合的内容填入空格）
1. The toy store opens ____ 10：00.（at，on，in）
2. The storm will end ____ a few hours.（at，on，in）
3. Danny was born ____ 1991.（at，on，in）
4. Shall we go to the park ____ this Sunday？（on，in，/）
5. Jill is going to the cinema ____ Friday evening.（on，in，/）
6. Wash your hands ____ lunch.（before，during，after）
7. The Spring Festival comes ____ Christmas.（before，during，after）
8. Peter went to sleep ____ the maths lesson.（before，during，after）
9. I go to school ____ Monday ____ Friday.（from ...to，from .../，on ...on）
10. The school garden is beautiful ____ spring.（at，on，in）
常见的表示空间的介词有：at，on，in，under，above，over，behind，in front of，between，around，up，down等。
（一）at，on，in
1. at表示在具体某个地点，意思是“在……旁边”，如：at the bus stop，at the door，at a table。
My father is writing a letter at his desk.我父亲在他的桌子边写信。
Andy is waiting at the bus stop.安迪在公交车站边等。
短语：
at the top of 在……顶端 at the bottom of 在……底部
2. on表示两个物体表面相互接触。如：on the desk，on a door，on a wall，on a plate。
There are some photos on the wall.墙上有些照片。
There's a cake on the plate.碟子上有个蛋糕。
短语：
on the right 在右面 on the left 在左面
on the way to 去……的路上 on the first floor 在一楼
3. in表示“在……里面”，空间大小不限，可以用来表示一个很大的空间，也可以表示一个较小的空间。如：in a bottle，in a car，in a room，in the river，in China。
Mom is in the kitchen.妈妈在厨房里。
My uncle works in a factory.我叔叔在工厂工作。
There are many students in the library.图书馆里有许多学生。
What's that in that bag？那个包里有什么？
短语：
in the sky 在空中 in the world 在世界上
in a newspaper 在报纸上 in a street 在街上
（二）under，below，over，above
1. under和below 都表示“在……下面”，under表示在“正下方”，而below表示在下方，但不一定是正下方。如：under the desk，below the pictures。
The cat is eating a fish under the tree.猫在树下吃鱼。
Tom and May are talking below my window.汤姆和梅在我的窗下说话。
2. over，above 都表示“在……上面（上方）”，over表示在正上方，而above表示不一定在正上方。
Our classroom is above the teachers' office.我们的教室在老师办公室上面。
The plane is flying over the mountains.飞机正飞过山脉。
固定搭配：
over the telephone 通过电话 over there 在那边
over again 再一次 be over 结束
go over 检查、复习 all over the world 全世界
（三）behind，in front of
behind表示“在……后面”，in front of表示“在……前面”，与behind 意思相反。
Andy is sitting behind me.I am sitting in front of Andy.安迪坐在我后面，我坐在安迪前面。
Tips：
in front of和in the front of
in front of表示在某一空间外部的前面，in the front of表示在某一空间内部的前面。
如：There is a teacher's desk in the front of the classroom.教室的前面有个讲台。（指在教室这一空间内的前面）
There is a playground in front of the classroom building.教学大楼前有个操场。（指教学大楼外部的前面）
（四）between，around
between指“在……两者之间”，around 指“在……周围”。
The hotel is between the museum and the park.酒店在博物馆和公园之间。
There are some shops around the hotel.酒店周围有些商店。
Exercises
5.3 Complete the sentences with “at，on，in，under，above，over” （用at，on，in，under，above，over填空）
1. It's hot.The cheese is ____ the refrigerator.
2. She usually watches the news ____ television.
3. Where's Danny？____ the kitchen.
4. They are waiting ____ the traffic lights.
5. Don't sit ____ the grass.It's wet.
6. Look！The dog is ____ the bed.
7. The plane is flying ____ the rivers.
8. The pictures are below the clock.The clock is ____ the pictures.
5.4 Read and write the places （看图并写出有关的地点）
1. playground
2. ________
3. ________
4. ________
5. ________
6. ________
Welcome to our city.Look！You are standing on Zoo Road.The library is on your left and the playground is on your right.Walk along Zoo Road.Then cross Green Street.There is a restaurant and a park between Yellow Street and Green Street.The restaurant is on your left and the park is on your right.You can enjoy the meal and the sunshine there.
Now you are at Zoo Road and Yellow Road.Turn right and walk along Yellow Road.On the left，there is a pet shop.You can buy a baby dog there.Turn right at Park Road.Can you see the museum？It's on your left.Go inside and have a look.It will surprise you.
Do you want to buy some flowers for your mother？How can you get there？Walk along Park Road and cross Green Street.The flower shop is on your left，across from the playground.Hope you have a nice trip in our city.
常用表示方式、手段的介词有by，with，in。
（一）by表示“靠……；用……”表示使用的方法。
My father likes travelling by train.我父亲喜欢坐火车去旅行。
Eric went to the library by bus.埃里克乘公共汽车去图书馆。
短语：
by car 车小汽车 by air 乘飞机 by bike 乘自行车
a book by ... 书的作者是…… a painting by ... 画的作者是……
（二）with表示“用……”、“和……一起”、“戴着，带有”，多指用工具、用身体的部位或器官。
Do you like your coffee with sugar？你喜欢咖啡中放糖吗？
You can see it with your own eyes.你可以亲自去看看。
The four little frogs are reading with the hippo.四只小青蛙和河马一起看书。
Who's the man with glasses？戴着眼镜的男子是谁？
常用固定搭配：
be busy with 忙于…… do away with 废除
be happy with ...对……感到高兴 help ...with 帮助做（某事）
go on with 继续干下去 together with 和……一起
jump with joy 高兴得跳起来 be wrong with 出错
（三）in表示“用……语言”或“穿着”
Tim can talk in English with me.蒂姆能和我用英语交谈。
Who is the boy in blue？穿着蓝色衣服的男孩是谁？
Exercises
5.5 Complete the sentences with by，in，with （请用by，in，with完成句子）
1. Last Sunday we went to the Disneyland ____ car.
2. The man ____ blue speaks very quickly.
3. Can I make a pie ____ bananas？
4. The students should write their homework ____ black ink.
5. Every evening Mom is reading ____ me.
6. Danny's teacher talked ____ him today.
7. Let's have French fries ____ our hamburgers.
8. Jill's mother usually goes to work ____ bicycle.
（一）for表示目的、原因，意思是“为……”
This present is for you.这个礼物是给你的。
I am sorry for being late.对不起，我迟到了。
Let's make a salad for dinner.让我们做个色拉做晚餐。
常用固定搭配：
for example 例如 for a while 暂时
for free 免费 for one's good 为某人好
look for 寻找 prepare for 准备
stand for 代表 wait for 等待
（二）of表示所属关系，意思是“……的”
What's the weight of that parcel？那个包裹多重啊？
Andy is a friend of Mark's.安迪是马克的一位朋友。
This is a map of China.这是一幅中国地图。
常用固定搭配：
of course 当然 of a sudden 突然
a kind of 一种 be afraid of 害怕
be fond of 喜欢 be tired of 讨厌
be ashamed of 为感到惭愧 first of all 首先
plenty of 足够多 out of work 失业
out of breath 上气不接下气 think of 想到
（三）up，down，along都是表示方向。up表示方向朝上；down表示方向朝下，along表示“沿着……”
Tim ran up the stairs.蒂姆跑上楼梯。
They began to climb down the mountains at four o'clock in the afternoon.下午四点，他们开始从山上下来。
Walk along Nanjing Road，and you'll see the hotel on the right.
沿着南京路走，你将发现酒店在你的右边。
英语中有很多常见的固定搭配，需要记住：
on holiday 在度假 on television 在电视上播放
on the phone 在打电话 on fire 着火
on time 准时 in bed 在床上
in hospital 住院 at home 在家
at work 在工作，上班 at school 在学校，在上课
Exercises
5.6 Complete the sentences with for，of，up，down，along，around （用for，of，up，down，along，around完成句子）
1. There are many different ways to shop ____ food these days.
2. What are you going to have ____ lunch？
3. Planes fly ____ the primary school every five minutes.
4. Mary is walking ____ the road with her mother.
5. Let's go for a walk ____ the lake.
6. Walk ____ the hill to the top.
7. Be careful！Don't fell ____ the stairs.
8. —Do you need anything from the supermarket？
—Yes，I need a loaf ____ bread，a box ____ cereal and a pound ____ apples.
5.7 Read and complete （选择合适的词组完成句子）
on fire in bed at home on time at work
at school in the sky in the world in a newspaper
1. Look！The car is ____.
2. Tommy didn't go to school today.He's ____.
3. Paul is not ____ today.He is sick.
4. There are a lot of kites ____.
5. If you get up earlier，you will be ____.
6. Where's May？She's ____.
7. It's Sunday.My mother is ____.
8. I read about the story ____.