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英语中冠词一共有三个,他们是不定冠词a,an和定冠词the。冠词一般放在名词前面,泛指或特指一类人或物。冠词离开了名词本身无意义,冠词不能单独使用。
(一)不定冠词
不定冠词(a和an)只可用在可数名词单数前,意思是“一个”、“一本”、“一只”等。a用于辅音音素开头的单词前,an用于元音音素开头的单词前。判断一个词是以元音开头还是辅音开头,不是根据字母,而是根据读音。如:
a book 一本书 a monkey 一只猴子
a window 一扇窗 an hour 一个小时
a university 一所大学 an animal 一种动物
an old teacher 一位老教师 a new airport 一个新机场
university中的u读作/ju/,以半元音/j/开始,故其前应用a,而不用an。
1. 不定冠词(a,an)表示数量“一”,指人、物或事情。
There are four seasons in a year.一年有四个季节。
There's a girl in the children's garden.儿童乐园里有一个女孩。
What does Tom's father do?He's an engineer.汤姆的父亲做什么工作?他是名工程师。
2. 当第一次提及某人或某物,非特指时,用不定冠词“a”或“an”。
Take an umbrella.It's raining.带把伞,下雨了。
I want to ask a question.我要提个问题。
I'm going to buy a cup of coffee and a cake.我去买杯咖啡和一块蛋糕。
3. a或an表示同一类人或物,一般不译出来。
A horse has four legs.马有四条腿。
Football is a game.足球是种游戏。
An owl can see in the dark.猫头鹰在黑暗中能看到东西。
A teacher works in a school.教师在学校工作。
4. a或an用在表示时间或度量单位的名词前,表示“每一”的意思。
twice a day 每天两次 5 yuan a kilo 五元一千克
He goes to the swimming club twice a week.他每周两次去游泳俱乐部。
5. 如果形容词修饰名词时,冠词要放在形容词的前面,用“a”或“an”取决于形容词的读音。
an orange 一只橘子 a big orange 一只大橘子
a book 一本书 an English book 一本英语书
an island 一个岛 a small island 一个小岛
Tips:
1. 物质名词如coffee,tea,rain,snow,wind,fog,fruit等,在表示“一种(一杯,一场)的意思时,常加不定冠词。
I would like a coffee. 我想要一杯咖啡。
There was a heavy rain yesterday.昨天下了一场大雨。
2. 有些固定搭配必须记住的。
have a toothache 牙疼 have a walk 散步
have a rest 休息 have a lesson 上课
have a look 看一看 have a good time 过得愉快
have a cold 感冒 have a fever 发烧
have a party 有个聚会 have a cup of coffee 喝杯咖啡
take a bath 洗澡 make a plan 制订计划
make a face 做鬼脸 make a living 谋生
make an effort 努力 make a mistake 犯错误
a little 一点,一些 a lot of 许多
3. 有些与时间和方式有关的词语
after a time 一段时间之后 after a while 一会儿后
half an hour 半个小时 with a smile 微笑着
in a hurry 匆忙地 in a word 总之
in a loud voice 大声地 as a rule 通常
Exercises
2.1 Write “a” or “an” (在空格内填入a或an)
1. ____ old city 2.____ airport 3.____ hour
4. ____ honest boy 5.____ knife 6.____ island
7. ____ apple pie 8.____ student 9.____ actor
10. ____ umbrella 11.____ tall man 12.____ good idea
2.2 Read and complete (完成下列句子)
musical instrument flower vegetable river
supermarket class party famous painter fruit bicycle
1. A parrot is a bird .
2. An orange is ________.
3. A rose is ________.
4. I can't ride ________.
5. Mary works in ________.
6. A piano is ________.
7. On Children's Day they are going to have________.
8. Picasso was ________.
定冠词the用在名词前面,表示特指某些人或某些事,不能单独使用。the在元音因素开头的单词前读作[ðΙ],在辅音因素开头的单词前读作[ðə]。
1. 定冠词the用在名词前面,特指某(些)人或事物
The girl in blue is my sister.穿蓝色衣服的女孩是我妹妹。
The children come out of school at four o'clock.那些孩子四点走出学校。
Please open the window.请打开窗子。(双方都明白指哪扇窗)
2. 定冠词the用在名词前面,表示前面提到过的人或事物。
I have a bag. The bag is in the desk.我有一只书包。书包在课桌内。
There is an apple tree in our garden.Under the apple tree there is a chair.院子里有棵苹果树,苹果树下有把椅子。
3. 定冠词the用于独一无二的事物前,如:the sun,the moon,the world,the sea,the country。
The chick is looking for the sun for her dad.小鸡为她的父亲寻找太阳。
I can see the moon in the sky.我能看到空中的月亮。
Peter lives in the country.皮特住在农村。
4. 表示地点、方向和时间
My grandparents live in the country.我的祖父母住在农村。
在表示季节的名词前不用冠词。in spring 在春天 in winter 在冬天
但如果指具体某年的某个季节,需要冠词。如in the winter of the year 2017在2017年的冬天
5. 定冠词the用于乐器名称前
Langlang can play the piano very well.郎朗钢琴弹得很好。
My English teacher can play the violin.我的英语老师能拉小提琴。
6. 用于姓氏的复数前,表示一家人
The Browns all live in Shanghai.布朗一家全住在上海。
7. 用于某些由普通名词构成的国家名称、机关团队等专有名词前。
the People's Republic of China 中华人民共和国
the UK 英国 the UN 联合国
the USA 美国 the WTO 世界贸易组织
the West Lake 西湖 the Palace Museum 故宫博物馆
the Summer Palace 颐和园 the Great Wall 长城
8. 用在序数词和形容词最高级前
the first 第一 the second 第二
the best 最好
9. 常用定冠词的习惯短语
all the time 一直 at the age of 在……岁时
at the same time 同时 at the beginning/end of 在……开始/结束时
in the morning 在上午 the next day 第二天
in the middle of 在……的中间 at the foot of 在……脚下
in the sky 在天空中 on the way to 在去……的路上
by the way 顺便问一下 just the same 完全一样
with the help of 在……的帮助下 tell the truth 说实话
make the bed 整理床铺 go to the cinema 去看电影
Tips:
1. 三餐、球类、棋牌类运动前不用定冠词
have breakfast 吃早餐 have supper 吃晚餐
play football 踢足球 play basketball 打篮球
play chess 下象棋 play bridge 打桥牌
但是:I have a basketball.The basketball is new.我有一个篮球,球是新的。
2. 节日、假日、星期几、月份、季节等名词前,不用定冠词
Children's Day is coming soon.儿童节快到了。
Spring is the best season in Shanghai.春季是上海最好的季节。
3. 其他不带冠词的词组
at night 在晚上 at noon 在中午
at home 在家里 at table 在吃饭
after school 放学后 at first 开始
at last 最终 ask for trouble 自找麻烦
ask for help 寻求帮助 by bike 骑自行车
by bus (train,plane)乘公共汽车(火车、飞机)
catch fire 着火 for example 例如
go to school 上学 in hospital 住院
in surprise 惊讶 in time 及时
in danger 在危险中 in fact 事实上
in trouble 处于麻烦中 on foot 步行
watch television 看电视 last month 上个月
last week 上周 next year 明年
Exercises
2.3 Put in “a”,“an”,“the” or “/” (在需要的地方填入a,an,the或/)
1. Turn off ____ light and close ____ door.
2. Where's Dad?In ____ kitchen.
3. It's ____ nice morning.Let's go for ____ walk.
4. Beijing is ____ capital of China.
5. Is there ____ bookshop near your home?
6. Paul can play ____ piano.
7. Write your name at ____ top of the page.
8. Jack usually goes to ____ bed at ten o'clock.
9. I'm going to buy ____ hat and ____ umbrella.
10. Let's play ____ football after school.
2.4 Look at the pictures and complete the sentences (看图完成下列句子)
1. The sun is shining.
2. It's seven in the morning.They are having ________.
3. He is going to ________ in the morning.
4. The boy is flying ________.
5. They are watching ________.
6. The boy ________________.