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insult [ɪnˈsʌlt]
【释】 v. 侮辱，辱骂 to do or say something that is offensive to (someone)
【例】 Insulting a colleague's appearance is inappropriate in the setting of an academic conference.
acrimony [ˈækrɪmoʊni]
【释】 n. 尖刻，犀利 harsh or biting sharpness especially of words, manner, or disposition
【例】 The acrimony between the divorcing couple was clear in how they wrestled over every asset in court.
【选】 bitterness, rancor
【派】 acrimonious （ adj. 尖酸刻薄的）
misconception [ˌmɪskənˈsepʃn]
【释】 n. 误解，错觉 a false idea or belief
【例】 The depiction of the lone wolf is largely a misconception as wolves are social creatures that prefer to run in packs.
mundane [mʌnˈdeɪn]
【释】 adj. 平凡的，无聊的 dull and ordinary
【例】 Doing the dishes may be a mundane chore but it helps to keep pests out of the house.
【反】 exotic, unearthly
ambiguous [æmˈbɪɡjuəs]
【释】 adj. 有歧义的，模糊不清的 able to be understood in more than one way
【例】 Bob was unable to interpret the ambiguous trail markers as they seemed to point in both directions of the path.
【选】 equivocal
【派】 ambiguity （ n. 含糊不清）
allure [əˈlʊr]
【释】 v. 引诱 to entice by charm or attraction
【例】 Many wealthy men have found themselves quickly allured to the sultry appearance and biting wit of the femme fatale.
【选】 charm
cagey [ˈkeɪdʒi]
【释】 adj. 小心的；谨慎的 wary; careful
【例】 The bear was cagey about the free food and walked around many times before finally approaching it.
【释】 adj. 狡猾的；机敏的 crafty; shrewd
【例】 The chimpanzee is a cagey primate that uses primitive stone tools to hunt for food and protect themselves.
heresy [ˈherəsi]
【释】 n. 与主流观点相悖的观点 a belief or opinion that does not agree with the official belief or opinion of a particular religion or belief system
【例】 After years of building up his case with strong evidence, his findings went from controversial heresy to established wisdom.
parsimony [ˈpɑːrsəmoʊni]
【释】 n. 吝啬 the quality of being very unwilling to spend money
【例】 It is surprising that the old man is now known for his parsimony as he used to spend lavishly on his friends and family in his younger days.
【选】 stingy, illiberal
【反】 munificent
【派】 parsimonious （ adj. 吝啬的）
cunning [ˈkʌnɪŋ]
【释】 adj. 狡猾机智的 clever and deceptive
【例】 In the film Zootopia, Nick is a cunning fox who tricks his fellow animals with fake and sad stories.
【反】 naive
【释】 adj. 技艺高超的 dexterous or crafty in the use of special resources
【例】 With only his teeth and wood, the cunning beaver can make large dams that divert the flow of a river.
【选】 craft
highlight [ˈhaɪlaɪt]
【释】 v. 使…突出 to make or try to make others notice or be aware of
【例】 Hurricane Katrina highlighted the dire need for infrastructure improvements in New Orleans.
【选】 accentuate
judicious [dʒuˈdɪʃəs]
【释】 adj. 有正确判断力的 having or showing good judgment
【例】 Because of his broad-ranging knowledge of the 19th century, Foner is able to provide the most thorough and judicious account of Lincoln's attitudes toward slavery.
【反】 unwise
disguise [dɪsˈɡaɪz]
【释】 v. 隐藏，伪装 to obscure the existence or true state or character of
【例】 Disguised by the night, the ninja slipped into the house unnoticed.
far-fetched [ˌfɑːrˈfetʃt]
【释】 adj. 不切实际的 not likely to happen or be true
【例】 The lawyer presented a very far-fetched story that made it hard to believe that her client was truly innocent.
eclipse [ɪˈklɪps]
【释】 v. 使…不重要 to make (something) less important or popular
【例】 The use of bulky television sets has been eclipsed by the invention of sleek plasma screens.
【释】 v. 超出 to surpass
【例】 Arctic animals may have adapted to the cold climate in exceptional ways, but humans have eclipsed them with their ability to use fire.
【选】 outdo
【释】 n. 日食，月食 the total or partial obscuring of one celestial body by another
【例】 The ancient Maya predicted solar eclipses with great accuracy by watching the movements of the planets.
impulsive [ɪmˈpʌlsɪv]
【释】 adj. 冲动的，不加思索的 doing things or tending to do things suddenly and without careful thought
【例】 Her impulsive spending habits could not be tamed even with careful financial planning and a structured allowance.
【选】 capricious, hasty
exculpate [ˈekskʌlpeɪt]
【释】 v. 开脱罪责 to prove that someone is not guilty of doing something wrong
【例】 People can be especially skilled at coming up with ways to exculpate themselves while reproaching others.
【选】 vindicate
【派】 exculpation （ n. 脱罪）
overblow [ˌoʊvərˈbloʊ]
【释】 v. 夸大 to exaggerate
【例】 We have no real reason to fear artificial intelligence as its dangers are usually overblown.
obfuscate [ˈɑːbfʌskeɪt]
【释】 v. 使…困惑，混淆 to make (something) more difficult to understand
【例】 The professor's rambling lecture only obfuscated the differences between Plato and Aristotle.
【选】 obscure, mystify
【释】 v. 使…昏暗 to darken
【例】 The shadows obfuscated the already dim street and made it easier for criminals to strike.
droll [droʊl]
【释】 adj. 古怪的，搞笑的 having an odd and amusing quality
【例】 The cartoonist was known for his droll and charming depiction of family life.
【派】 drollness （ n. 诙谐，幽默）
inconclusive [ˌɪnkənˈkluːsɪv]
【释】 adj. 无结果的，不确定的 leading to no conclusion or definite result
【例】 Despite the inconclusive results of the allergy test, Nora was certain that she was allergic to guava.
disperse [dɪˈspɜːrs]
【释】 v. 使…分散，散发 to go or move in different directions
【例】 The fragrance of lavender was dispersed in the air the moment Lisa opened the bottle of perfume.
【选】 dissipate
【反】 focus
amplify [ˈæmplɪfaɪ]
【释】 v. 详细阐述 to increase the volume of a sound or make an idea more well known
【例】 The journalist indirectly amplified criticism of government corruption in his scathing attack on the city hall in the newspapers today.
【反】 mute, abridge
【释】 v. 放大 to make larger or greater
【例】 At the protest, the policy officer amplified his voice with a bullhorn so that all could hear his orders.
【派】 amplification （ n. 大量）， ample （ adj. 大量的）
exaggerate [ɪgˈzædʒəreɪt]
【释】 v. 夸大 to make (something) larger or greater than normal
【例】 The story had become so exaggerated that the Chihuahua that bit Jon became a 6-foot Great Dane by the fifth telling.
【选】 overrate
【反】 minimize
【派】 exaggeration （ n. 夸大）
unwitting [ʌnˈwɪtɪŋ]
【释】 adj. 不知情的 not aware of what is really happening
【例】 Despite consumer protections, some companies still manage to drop in extra charges on unwitting consumers.
【释】 adj. 无意的 not intended or planned; unintentional
【例】 Scientists argue that the dense smog covering Los Angeles is an unwitting consequence of America's car culture.
inclusive [ɪnˈkluːsɪv]
【释】 adj. 包罗万象的，全面的 taking a great deal or everything within its scope; comprehensive
【例】 The inclusive coverage of the introductory science course spans all branches of science, including physics, chemistry and biology.
【选】 generic
diatribe [ˈdaɪətraɪb]
【释】 n. 谩骂 a bitter, abusive denunciation
【例】 The manager's diatribe shocked her employees, who neither expected nor deserved such bitter, abusive language.
【选】 rant
【反】 encomium, eulogy
promulgate [ˈprɑːmlɡeɪt]
【释】 v. 宣布，宣传 to make known (a decree, for example) by public declaration; announce officially
【例】 The religious government spent a lot of effort in promulgating the new set of religious laws.
【选】 disseminate
consilience [kən'sɪlɪəns]
【释】 n. 一致，符合 the linking together of principles from different disciplines especially when forming a comprehensive theory
【例】 By linking ancient philosophy, empirical research and modern technology, nineteenth century thinkers devised a new consilience of thought, which we now know as science.
ebullient [ɪˈbʌliənt]
【释】 adj. 热情洋溢的 lively and enthusiastic
【例】 It would be a stretch to say that Lauren is ebullient as she is merely warm and cordial around her friends.
【反】 impassive, restraint
bolster [ˈboʊlstər]
【释】 v. 支持 to give support to
【例】 The testimony of the witness inadvertently strengthened the case of Wang's accusers even though it was intended to bolster his defense.
【选】 buttress, prop up
【反】 undermine
dispute [dɪˈspjuːt]
【释】 v. 争辩，反对 to engage in argument or oppose
【例】 Mary told her friends that she was disputing with her ex-husband over custody.
exposition [ˌekspəˈzɪʃn]
【释】 n. 阐释，解释 clear explanation
【例】 The man's exposition of his actions did not persuade his girlfriend to stay with him as she remained convinced that he had cheated on her.
【释】 n. 展览会 a public show or exhibition
【例】 All of Matisse's paintings were displayed at the free exposition in the Metropolitan Museum of Art.
coddle [ˈkɑːdl]
【释】 v. 溺爱 to treat (someone) with too much care or kindness
【例】 Compassion does not necessarily mean coddling and comforting your children under all circumstances.
nuance [ˈnuːɑːns]
【释】 n. 小差异 a very small difference in color, tone, meaning, etc.
【例】 The singer's recording sold so well because it displayed sensitive nuances of musical taste and expression.
【选】 subtlety
peculiar [pɪˈkjuːliər]
【释】 adj. 不寻常的 not usual or normal
【例】 When the housemates noticed a peculiar odor coming from the fridge, they immediately cleaned it out and disposed of all expired food.
egalitarian [iˌɡælɪˈteriən]
【释】 adj. 平等的 aiming for equal wealth, status, or other qualities for all people
【例】 It is hard for a completely egalitarian society to exist because there will always be small differences between people, such as intelligence and leadership abilities.
propitiate [prəˈpɪʃieɪt]
【释】 v. 安抚 to make (someone) pleased or less angry by giving or saying something desired
【例】 The Vikings propitiated the gods by offering mead and meat at the temple altar.
【反】 arouse hostility
futile [ ˈ fju ː tl]
【释】 adj. 无用的 pointless or useless
【例】 The fact that most hypotheses turn out to be wrong does not mean that hypothesizing is futile, since disproving wrong ideas is part of science.
【选】 fruitless, pointless, vain
【派】 futility （ n. 无效）
unassuming [ˌʌnəˈsuːmɪŋ]
【释】 adj. 谦虚的，低调的 not having or showing a desire to be noticed, praised
【例】 What made Doug stand out in this sea of brilliant scholars is his humility and unassuming nature.
【选】 modest, humble
【反】 presumptuous
amicable [ˈæmɪkəbl]
【释】 adj. 和善的 showing a polite and friendly desire to avoid disagreement and argument
【例】 Amicable disputes among friends are typically brought to an end with a round of drinks at the pub.
【选】 agreeable
unfounded [ʌnˈfaʊndɪd]
【释】 adj. 毫无根据的 lacking a sound basis
【例】 The rumors of layoffs were shown to be unfounded when the company hired ten new people.
【选】 groundless, unwarranted, baseless
plastic [ˈplæstɪk]
【释】 adj. 能适应的，灵活的 capable of adapting to varying conditions
【例】 This species exhibited plastic traits that were utilized differently according to the changes in the environment.
【选】 malleable
【释】 adj. 易受影响的，敏感的 easily influenced; impressionable
【例】 The plastic minds of youths are easily swayed and fooled by all sorts of external threats and stimuli.
apocalypse [əˈpɑːkəlɪps]
【释】 n. 大灾难 a great disaster
【例】 The aboriginal tribe prophesized that the end of the world would be brought about by an apocalypse from the heavens.
【派】 apocalyptic （ adj. 灾难性的）
authoritative [əˈθɔːrəteɪtɪv]
【释】 adj. 权威的，可信的 clearly accurate or knowledgeable
【例】 The claim that fluoride is a mind controlling drug does not have authoritative support from the scientific community.
【选】 definitive, cogent
clamorous [ˈklæmərəs]
【释】 adj. （为提要求而）吵吵闹闹的 noisily insistent
【例】 In order to have the final say on the matter, the teacher lifted his voice above the clamorous protests of the teenagers.
placate [ˈpleɪkeɪt]
【释】 v. 安抚 to cause (someone) to feel less angry about something
【例】 It is not wise to placate aggressive groups by making more concessions as they will simply demand more.
【选】 appease, conciliatory
【反】 antagonize
【派】 implacable （ adj. 难以平息的）
far-reaching [ˌfɑːrˈriːtʃɪŋ]
【释】 adj. 影响广泛的 having a wide range or effect
【例】 The detonation of the nuclear bomb on Bikini Island had far-reaching environmental effects that left the island barren.
disinterested [dɪsˈɪntrɛstəd]
【释】 adj. 客观公正的 not influenced by personal feelings, opinions, or concerns
【例】 All information in a history textbook should be presented in a disinterested rather than biased tone.
【选】 fair, impartial
【反】 prejudiced
【派】 disinterestedness （ n. 客观公正，冷漠）
embolden [ɪmˈboʊldən]
【释】 v. 鼓舞，鼓励 to make (someone) more confident
【例】 Liam's recent series of business accomplishments emboldened him to start his own company.
【选】 encourage
incompatible [ˌɪnkəmˈpætəbl]
【释】 adj. 无法共存的，不可兼容的 not able to exist together without trouble or conflict; not able to be used together
【例】 We had to buy a travel adaptor in the UK as our electric plugs were incompatible with the British outlets.
【反】 harmonious
stale [steɪl]
【释】 adj. 不新鲜的 not fresh; old or unpleasant (as in food)
【例】 The bread went stale after being left out overnight and could only be used as croutons.
【释】 adj. 缺乏新鲜感的 boring or unoriginal
【例】 In the comments of the term paper, the professor remarked that the student's stale arguments lacked creativity or innovation.
【选】 banal
lionize [ˈlaɪənaɪz]
【释】 v. 重视，尊敬 to treat (someone) as a very important and famous person
【例】 After being lionized as a celebrity by his congregation for years, the pastor signed a contract to pursue a career as a televangelist.
【选】 eulogize
preachy [ˈpriːtʃi]
【释】 adj. 说教的，好为人师的 trying to teach something (such as proper or moral behavior) in a way that is annoying or unwanted
【例】 The speaker attempted to warn the students about the dangers of cigarettes, but his condescending tone was interpreted as preachy rather than informative.
【选】 sanctimonious
【派】 preach （ v. 布道，说教）
illusory [ɪˈluːsəri]
【释】 adj. 虚假的 based on something that is not true or real
【例】 Her dreams of an Olympic career became an illusory dream after she was tragically paralyzed in a car accident.
profit-monger [ˈprɑːfɪtˌmʌŋɡər]
【释】 n. 贪婪的人 a person, business or profession marked by avarice and greed
【例】 Despite the record success of the company, the CEO proved to be a profit-monger and refused to issue a single holiday bonus.
felicitous [fəˈlɪsɪtəs]
【释】 adj. 合适的 very well suited for some purpose or situation
【例】 I made the felicitous discovery of an umbrella by the side of the road just as the weather turned stormy.
【释】 adj. 喜悦的，令人愉悦的 pleasant or delightful
【例】 Fred's felicitous lottery win allowed him to quit his job and pursue his passion in music.
averse [əˈvɜːrs]
【释】 adj. 反感的 having an active feeling of repugnance or distaste
【例】 As Juan does not believe in introspection, he is averse to examining his own feelings and motives.
【派】 aversion （ n. 反感）
trigger [ˈtrɪɡər]
【释】 v. 触发 to cause (something) to start or happen
【例】 The assassinations of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria and his wife triggered the First World War in 1914.
integrity [ɪnˈteɡrəti]
【释】 n. 正直 the quality of being honest and fair
【例】 As one of its measures to demonstrate integrity, Amazon allows a complete money-back guarantee on all its products.
conservation [ˌkɑːnsərˈveɪʃn]
【释】 n. 保护 a careful preservation and protection of something
【例】 Conservation efforts to save the cheetahs have been met by resistance from local bush poachers who rely on illegal hunting for their livelihood.
【释】 n. 环保 the controlled use and systematic protection of natural resources, such as forests, soil, and water systems
【例】 Water conservation is crucial to countries that have huge populations and scarce rainfall or natural water sources.
spontaneous [spɑːnˈteɪniəs]
【释】 adj. 自主的 , 自发的 controlled and directed internally
【例】 Many of the physical changes that come with child birth are spontaneous and occur as a result of internal hormonal changes in the mother.
【选】 intuitive
【释】 adj. 自然的，不刻意的 not apparently contrived or manipulated
【例】 The restaurant critic's spontaneous expression of admiration for the food took the waiter by surprise.
pushover [ˈpʊʃoʊvər]
【释】 n. 易被打败的人 an opponent that is easy to defeat
【例】 Because everyone was certain that the Democratic candidate would win, the Republicans supported a pushover in order to conserve resources for the following election.
【释】 n. 容易的事 something that is easy to do
【例】 The GRE exam has a deserved reputation for its difficulty, but the SAT is a pushover.
comprehensive [ˌkɑːmprɪˈhensɪv]
【释】 adj. 全面的 covering completely or broadly
【例】 Her political success came from her comprehensive vision for the nation that included every social constituency.
【选】 generic, inclusive, exhaustive, thorough
【派】 comprehend （ v. 理解，包含）
insufferable [ɪnˈsʌfrəbl]
【释】 adj. 无法忍受的 too unpleasant to deal with or accept
【例】 Mother-in-laws have a reputation as insufferable busybodies who make newlyweds miserable.
sequential [sɪˈkwenʃl]
【释】 adj. 有序的 happening in a series or sequence
【例】 Following the recipe directions in a sequential way is essential to thickening mayonnaise.
【选】 successively
surreptitious [ˌsɜːrəpˈtɪʃəs]
【释】 adj. 秘密的，鬼鬼祟祟的 done in a secret way
【例】 She knew that anything done in a surreptitious manner was likely to arouse the suspicions of her superiors.
【选】 clandestine, covert
dispassionate [dɪsˈpæʃənət]
【释】 adj. 客观的 not influenced or affected by emotions
【例】 He sought to provide a dispassionate analysis of political and economic issues by consulting a steady stream of books, articles and speeches.
transient [ˈtrænʃnt]
【释】 adj. 短暂的 not lasting long
【例】 The Aurora Borealis is a transient phenomenon that is only visible on the clearest of nights.
【派】 transience （ n. 短暂）
vacant [ˈveɪkənt]
【释】 adj. 空的 not filled, used, or lived in
【例】 When the throne stands vacant, the prime minister holds power until the new king can be identified.
【释】 adj. 面无表情的，茫然的 devoid of thought, reflection, or expression
【例】 Although the prisoner feigned stupidity with the vacant expression on his face, he was constantly plotting his great escape.
canned [kænd]
【释】 adj. 千篇一律的 lacking originality or individuality as if massproduced
【例】 Many of the customer relations officers are incompetent and only capable of delivering canned responses promising follow-ups.
【选】 formulaic
【释】 adj. 预先录制的 prepared or recorded in advance
【例】 Sitcoms typically have canned applause tracks that are played at funny moments in each episode.
soft-pedal [ˌsɔːftˈpedl]
【释】 v. 弱化，减弱…的影响 to treat or describe (something) as less important than it really is
【例】 Seeing the wretched emotional state she was in, I had no choice but to soft-pedal the huge consequences of her actions.
feign [feɪn]
【释】 v. 假装 to give a false appearance of
【例】 As the man kept staring at Barbara, she picked up a magazine and feigned interest in one of its articles.
【选】 false
daunting [ˈdɔːntɪŋ]
【释】 adj. 令人畏惧的，望而生畏的 very difficult to do or deal with
【例】 Although visitors may initially find touring the city by subway to be daunting, they will soon realize that it is an easy way to get around.
【选】 formidable, sensational, forbidding
【反】 resolute
downright [ˈdaʊnraɪt]
【释】 adv. 完全地 completely
【例】 When our pet cat died, the entire family felt downright awful.
autonomous [ɔːˈtɑːnəməs]
【释】 adj. 自治的 having the power or right to govern itself
【例】 The Roomba is an autonomous vacuum cleaner that can clean floors with no person present.
【释】 adj. 独立自主的 responding, reacting, or developing independently of the whole
【例】 Psychology has slowly evolved into an autonomous scientific discipline that now develops independently from other sciences.
indeterminate [ˌɪndɪˈtɜːrmɪnət]
【释】 adj. 不确定的 not able to be stated or described in an exact way
【例】 I decided to buy an extra bottle of wine because the clerk said it would be an indeterminate amount of time before more is shipped.
opulent [ˈɑːpjələnt]
【释】 adj. 豪华的，昂贵的 very comfortable and expensive
【例】 The millionaire squandered his wealth to fund his opulent lifestyle of acquiring branded goods and eating at Michelin starred restaurants.
【释】 adj. 富裕的 very wealthy
【例】 The diamond-encrusted watch was only a minor trinket for the opulent oil tycoon.
【选】 affluent
【派】 opulence （ n. 富裕，丰富）
pervasive [pərˈveɪsɪv]
【释】 adj. 普遍的 existing in or spreading through every part of something
【例】 Recent empirical studies have found no basis for the pervasive idea that women are more emotional than men.
【选】 rife
offset [ˈɔːfset]
【释】 v. 抵消 to cancel or reduce the effect of (something)
【例】 For Nike, the financial damage caused by the stock market crash was offset by the sale of undeveloped real estate.
【选】 compensate
omnipresent [ˌɑːmnɪˈpreznt]
【释】 adj. 处处都有的 present everywhere simultaneously
【例】 In seventeenth-century New England, religious leaders constantly warned people about the omnipresent Devil who would lure them into sin.
【选】 ubiquitous, universal
entangle [ɪnˈtæŋɡl]
【释】 v. 纠缠 to cause (something) to get caught in or twisted with something else
【例】 The fisherman pulled his haul from the sea and removed the fish that were entangled in the net.
【派】 entanglement （ n. 纠缠）
【释】 v. 使…卷入困境 to get (someone) involved in a confusing or difficult situation
【例】 Not wanting to become entangled in crime, the young man stayed inside every afternoon to do his homework and read.
dilatory [ˈdɪlətɔːri]
【释】 adj. 拖延的 tending or intended to cause delay
【例】 The senator never formally declared her opposition to the proposed legislation; instead, she engineered a series of dilatory actions to slow its progress.
【选】 laggard
【派】 dilate （ v. 拖延）
generic [dʒəˈnerɪk]
【释】 adj. 一般的，通用的 relating to or descriptive of an entire group or class; general
【例】 Siri will default to a generic web search for the vast multitude of requests or queries.
【选】 inclusive
sensational [senˈseɪʃənl]
【释】 adj. 极好的 exceedingly or unexpectedly excellent or great
【例】 I found the scientific report rather unprofessional as it described the benefits of the drug in an exaggerated and sensational manner.
【释】 adj. （通过可怕的细节）令人兴奋的，骇人听闻的 causing very great excitement or interest with shocking details
【例】 Although the website purports to be a legitimate news source, it really only covers sensational celebrity gossip.
【选】 daunting, lurid
explicable [ˈeksplɪkəbl]
【释】 adj. 可以解释的 possible to explain
【例】 Scientists claimed that the UFO sighting was, in fact, an explicable phenomenon caused by solar flares.
【反】 mysterious
【派】 explicate （ v. 解释）
pernicious [pərˈnɪʃəs]
【释】 adj. 有害的，致命的 causing great harm or damage often in a way that is not easily seen or noticed
【例】 The deterioration of the ozone layer is pernicious, with the loss of penguin habitats being just one of the tragic results.
convoluted [ˈkɑːnvəluːtɪd]
【释】 adj. 难懂的，复杂的 very complicated and difficult to understand
【例】 The author produced a lucid and succinct argument by avoiding convoluted sentence structures and writing in a straightforward style.
【选】 intricate, tortuous
bureaucracy [bjʊˈrɑːkrəsi]
【释】 n. 官僚机构 a system of government or business that has many complicated rules and ways of doing things
【例】 I advise you to file in your appeal early as the university's bureaucracy is known to be opaque and obscure in handling such cases speedily.
widespread [ˈwaɪdspred]
【释】 adj. 广泛的 common over a wide area or among many people
【例】 The widespread shock at the eventual guilty verdict was mostly caused by biased news stories that had predicted acquittal.
【选】 extensive, prevalent
compliant [kəmˈplaɪənt]
【释】 adj. 顺从的，迎合的 ready and willing to comply
【例】 As a result of decades of oppression, the people became compliant and yielded readily to the government's demands.
【选】 tractable
【派】 comply （ v. 顺从，遵守）
trifling [ˈtraɪflɪŋ]
【释】 adj. 不重要的 having little value or importance
【例】 Despite the trifling appearance of the plastic bracelet, it holds great sentimental value as a gift from my childhood friend.
【选】 minimal
compunction [kəmˈpʌŋkʃn]
【释】 n. 后悔感，犯罪感 a feeling of guilt or regret
【例】 Sally often acts without compunction and feels no remorse from harming or inconveniencing her friends.
cynical [ˈsɪnɪkl]
【释】 adj. 认为人性自私的，愤世嫉俗的 believing or showing the belief that people are motivated chiefly by base or selfish concerns
【例】 Sam is widely regarded as a cynical man because his actions and speech reveal a deep distrust of human nature and motives.
pretentious [prɪˈtenʃəs]
【释】 adj. 炫耀的 having the quality wanting to be regarded as more impressive, successful, or important than one really is
【例】 The pretentious candidate thought he would win by accusing his opponent of committing logical fallacies in the debate.
customary [ˈkʌstəmeri]
【释】 adj. 惯常的，（某人）特有的 usual or typical of a particular person
【例】 It is customary for guests to remove their shoes when entering our home.
vilify [ˈvɪlɪfaɪ]
【释】 v. 诽谤，辱骂 to utter slanderous and abusive statements against
【例】 The CEO of this pioneering company may be vilified by his competitors, but he remains loved by the consumers for his charismatic persona and brilliant products.
tantamount [ˈtæntəmaʊnt]
【释】 adj. （数量、效果等）相同的 equal to something in value, meaning, or effect
【例】 While a few thousand voters in Iowa may not be tantamount to the will of the American people, they should not be seen as immaterial to it as well.
【选】 synonymous with
unflinching [ʌnˈflɪntʃɪŋ]
【释】 adj. 坚定的，不退缩的 staying strong and determined even when things are difficult
【例】 He was unflinching in the face of his enemies and retook power shortly after being exiled on the island.
【释】 adj. （表达）直白的 looking at or describing something or someone in a very direct way
【例】 This TV series was unflinching in its portrayal of domestic violence and did not shy away from showing its brutal and oppressive sides.
prototype [ˈproʊtətaɪp]
【释】 n. 原型 an original model on which something is patterned
【例】 Upon seeing the excellent quality of the prototype, the company president decided to expedite the mass production of the new phone model.
【释】 n. 典型 a standard or typical example
【例】 Becoming a reality star before entering Hollywood is a common prototype that many B-listers pursue to gain fame.