4 未来新愿景

在了解这六大“加速器”的过程中，我们发现构建生态系统是其他五项的基础。有效的生态系统可以支持创新、技能培养、技术部署、教育改革以及初创企业和传统企业间的合作。鉴于生态系统将在中国经济未来发展中扮演如此重要的角色，所以我们调查了受访高管对于生态系统效益和力量的看法。

我们发现，来自传统企业、教育行业或初创企业的领导者们，因其所处领域不同而有着各自独特的见解（见图1.6）。虽然大家对于新兴业务生态系统有助于加速创新、保持业务目标一致等方面有着相对的共识，但高管们对于其他生态系统属性却少有一致意见。

资料来源：2016年IBM商业价值研究院“中国未来发展调研”。

无论如何，来自每个领域的领导者都可以积极采取行动，在快速变化的全球经济环境中促进中国经济的增长。

传统企业领导者需要采取的关键行动

中国的传统企业高管已经认识到生态系统能够扩大并加速经济发展。为了帮助中国经济转型，我们建议这些高管考虑采取以下行动：

采用以生态系统为中心的观点，引领企业的发展

全面深入地了解新兴生态系统，发现新的价值来源，并明确企业的角色。此外，寻找合适的合作伙伴，进一步推进企业发展目标，并确定将与合作伙伴（包括初创企业）建立怎样的关系。

将创新置于企业的核心地位

以创新支撑企业日常业务的方方面面，包括运营和客户互动。此外，采纳并部署新的数字技术，以便培养能力，建立新的运营方法，营造全新客户体验。同时，了解投资于初创企业是否有助于激发本企业的创业精神，是否有助于推动创新和文化变革。

投资于员工技能培养

采取果断的行动提升员工技能水平，尤其关注未来适用性，帮助员工迎接这个颠覆时代的挑战。此外，投资于深化员工的软技能——培养协作、创新能力和创业精神。

教育领导者需要采取的关键行动

中国的教育领导者不太相信生态系统能够带来广泛的效益，他们并不认为生态系统可以在技能获得和融资方面提供支持。虽然看到了生态系统有助于加速创新，但教育领导者还是需要进一步接受生态系统的巨大潜力。

为帮助提升中国经济的领导力，我们建议教育领导者采取以下行动：

以全球最佳实践为基准

通过与全球领先的教育机构合作，借鉴课程、教育方法和执行模式等方面的全球最佳实践。此外，评估现有课程，确定哪些领域存在机会和需求，融入基于经验的学习方法和新技术。

开展合作以扩展能力

建立和扩大与产业合作伙伴的联盟，发现并确认特定技能的需求或机会。同时，与行业合作伙伴共同制定计划，鼓励通过在实际环境中学习而获得经验，促进对实习计划投资的支持。

重塑教育执行模式

发现和评估新机会，提高所有生态系统合作伙伴的教育普及性，丰富教育体验，实现教育多样性，而这些都是单个组织所无法实现的成果。此外，密切关注、验证并采用新的颠覆性技术，提高教育普及性，丰富教育体验，实现教育多样性，改进教育成果。

初创企业的领导者需要采取的关键行动

初创企业家们对生态系统的转型效益有着坚定的信念，他们特别确信生态系统能够带来获得资金的新机会。基于这一点，我们提出以下行动建议：

建立新的生态系统

冒险进入颠覆性产品/服务领域后，积极评估非传统行业的潜在合作伙伴。同时围绕新产品和业务模式考虑全部免费功能。

以便于参与生态系统的方式进行组织

以便于加入生态系统环境为目的来设计组织和运营模式。为互补性的生态系统合作伙伴创造机会，让他们可以轻松融入您的运营之中。

丰富价值主张

重新思考传统业务模式，考虑利用潜在生态系统合作伙伴带来的新能力。寻求可以通过新的生态系统合作伙伴进入的新市场（无论是地理意义、类别意义还是行为意义上的新市场）。

结束语

中国已经为我们展现了一个发展最迅速、最具影响力的现代工业化示例，我们并不能因此夸大她为本国以及世界带来的经济效益。然而，中国经济的发展目前面临着全新的挑战。通过认识影响传统行业和价值链的潮汐力，中国可超越当前的全球不确定性，在新的生态系统经济环境中发挥核心作用。

关于作者

Steven Davidson是合伙人兼副总裁，负责领导IBM大中华区业务流程服务咨询实践和IBM商业价值研究院的新兴市场部门。Steven拥有超过25年的管理和咨询经验，曾与多个领域的顶级团队有过合作，包括金融服务、媒体与出版、线上业务服务、电子、运输、公用事业、房地产和土地管理、政府改革、医疗保健和环境保护等。他的联系方式是steven.davidson@hk1.ibm.com。

Wei（Vivian） Ding是IBM商业价值研究院的中国区总监。她已经在IBM工作超过15年。她在研究领域有着深厚的经验，并且多次成功完成客户项目，涉及银行、通信、零售、旅游和交通以及政府等领域。她的联系方式为dingw@cn.ibm.com。

Anthony Marshall是IBM商业价值研究院的研究总监和战略领导人。他撰写过大量论文，主题涵盖创新、颠覆性技术和商业经济。Anthony Marshall的联系方式为anthony2@us.ibm.com。

致谢

作者希望对以下人员为本报告所作的贡献表示感谢：Namit Agrawal、Steve Ballou、Kristin Biron、Kathy Cloyd、Kathleen Martin、Ai Jun Sun、Lily Wang和Ying Zhan。

调研方法

IBM商业价值研究院与牛津经济研究院（Oxford Economics）合作，对来自17个行业领域的中国高管进行了调研。虽然绝大多数高管来自中国传统企业，但受访者也包括初创企业的创业家，以及政府部门、学术或教育机构的主管。

注：由于存在四舍五入，因此所有百分比相加之和可能不等于100%。

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