爱伦·坡笔下的丽姬娅
读者朋友,你读这篇文章的时候,在二月,那是有情人节的美好月份,而我写下这篇文章却是在寒冷的10月末,正值万圣节。写作与阅读真是奇妙的一对,仿佛一场两个人身处不同时间,却在同时进行的对话。为了纪念这个奇妙的时刻,让我们来谈谈horror与love。
你不觉得love这个主题,本身就相当恐怖吗?且不说因为异性相吸,有一天你的身边会睡着一个与自己并无血缘关系的人,单是那种被人时时注视、刻刻挂心的感觉,也多少就有些恐怖了吧。再加上因爱生惧、因爱生恨,如此种种,不害怕才怪呢。
说到“害怕”,《太平广记》“妇人三:任瓌妻”记载了唐朝大将任瓌怕老婆的一段趣事:“唐管国公任瓌酷怕妻。太宗以功赐二侍子 ,瓌拜谢,不敢以归。太宗召其妻,赐酒。谓之曰:‘妇人妬 忌,合当七出 。若能改行无妬,则无饮此酒。不尔,可饮之’。曰:‘妾不能改妬,请饮酒’。遂饮之。比醉归。与其家死诀。其实非鸩也,既不死。他日,杜正伦讥弄瓌。瓌曰:‘妇当怕者三,初娶之时,端居若菩萨,岂有人不怕菩萨耶。既长生男女,如养儿大虫 ,岂有人不怕大虫耶。年老面皱,如鸠盘荼鬼 ,岂有人不怕鬼耶。以此怕妇,亦何怪焉’。闻者欢喜。”
任瓌的“三怕”之论,确有见地。不过那只是冰山一角,“爱”尚有诸多可怕之处。
美国恐怖小说之王斯蒂芬·金(Stephen King)曾经写过一个短篇《骑弹飞行》(Riding the Bullet),讲的是一个大学生忽然得到母亲病危的消息,于是连夜返家,雨夜山路上搭了一辆顺风车,谁知道这司机却是个“要命的”。司机给学生出了一道选择题——今晚他必须带走一个,这学生,或者是学生的母亲:
司机:“Who rides the Bullet and who stays on the ground. You or your mother.”
斯蒂芬·金小说《骑弹飞行》
学生:“I can't decide something like that. It's not fair to ask me.”
司机:“I know, and believe me, that's what they all say. But I gotta tell you something—if you don't decide by the time we get back to the first house-lights, I'll have to take you both.”
学生(经过一番思量):“Take her. Take my Ma, don't take me.”
Love有时候不过是一道选择题,然而却往往没有正确答案,选了,就错了,这不是很恐怖吗?中国人大概都熟悉这道题:老妈和老婆同时落水,男人先救哪一个?糟糕的是,也许,最终那个男人两个都不选,而是选择救自己。
须一瓜的小说《太阳黑子》(改编成电影名为《烈日灼心》)中有个“正人君子”卓生发,他一人独居,与狗为伴,终日清除大街小巷的“顽癣”,并刺探“恶人”秘密,只因为他时刻被心中的秘密折磨——当年为了自己保命,他没有冲入火场救下自己的妻儿,以至一家人惨死。“爱”的恐怖并不因为“死”而结束,也许,它才刚刚开始。
爱,本就是“纠缠”不清,而许多的恐怖也正是源于这种似乎永远绕不开的纠缠。纠缠,自然是双向的,不过因为“恐怖”文学的世界里,男性创作者明显多于女性,所以,我们读到的故事中,可怕的、纠缠不清的女性形象也就比比皆是了。
日本系列恐怖漫画《富江》(Tomie)让伊藤润二一举成名。富江,一个左眼下长着一颗美人痣的女人,她让男人爱到骨头里——literally,男人真的会因为太爱她而把她肢解——她无时无刻不在,哪怕被剁成肉酱,也阴魂不散。其实富江并没有什么超级法力,也没有什么强大破坏力,她只是会不断再生,而且会把被她感染的女性统统变成她自己,最为重要的是,她总会在最美好的年龄因为被杀死而得以重生,继续把一个个男人折磨成疯子。
西方世界中,也有一位像伊藤润二这样塑造了可怕女人形象的作家,他就是爱伦·坡(Edgar Allan Poe)。表面看来,两人截然相反,一个讲述着无法摆脱的女人如何胶着地纠缠男人,另一个却在诉说着男人有关失去那个完美女性的思恋之苦。与伊藤相比,爱伦·坡似乎对女性要“仁慈”一些,也许因为在他的生活中,美好的女性——母亲和妻子——都是早逝,他笔下的女性也个个短命,在她们还没有变成“缠人”的女妖之前,就都草草收场了,这样才好让男人在烟雾缭绕、半梦半醒的世界里去怀念。然而,女妖与女神也许并没有什么本质区别,“纠缠”都是一样的。在爱伦·坡式的女神中,丽姬娅(Ligeia)是最有名气的一位,有关Ligeia,一个据说有着悠久家族背景的神秘女性,讲述者这样写道:
"I cannot, for my soul, remember how, when, or even precisely where, I first became acquainted with the lady Ligeia. Long years have since elapsed(流逝), and my memory is feeble(虚弱的)through much suffering. Or, perhaps, and I cannot now bring these points to mind, because, in truth, the character of my beloved, her rare learning, her singular(非凡的)yet placid(宁静的) cast of beauty, and the thrilling and enthralling(迷人的)eloquence(流利口才)of her low musical language, made their way into my heart by paces so steadily and stealthily(秘密地)progressive, that they have been unnoticed and unknown."
这位神秘的女性神秘地来到“我”的身边,神秘地占据“我”的心,又神秘地死去。最后,又借着“我”的第二任妻子罗威娜(Rowena)的尸体回到人间:“Shrinking from my touch, she let fall from her head, unloosened, the ghastly cerements(可怕的裹尸布)which had confined her, and there streamed forth, into the rushing atmosphere of the chamber, huge masses of long and disheveled(凌乱的)hair; it was blacker than the raven(渡鸦)wings of the midnight! And now slowly opened the eyes of the figure which stood before me. 'Here then, at least,' I shrieked(尖叫)aloud, 'can I never—can I never be mistaken—these are the full, and the black, an the wild eyes—of my lost love—of the Lady—of the Lady Ligeia.'”这借尸还魂的一幕暴露了Ligeia其实是与富江一样的女妖。
美女令男人恐惧,不断重生或容颜不老的美女便真个是女妖了,哪怕她们并没有害人之心或害人之事。比如,《东周列国志》里有个夏姬,虽没有重生的本事,却因为幼年时学了采阳补阴的本事,永葆青春,因此毁了许多本该建功立业的贤臣明主,的确配得上“女妖”之名。
女人害怕青春老去,因为色衰则爱弛,但是男人却总喜欢描写女人的老去。富江故事的最终篇,一个曾经被富江困扰的男人,千方百计想要看到富江衰老的时刻,为了达到这个目的,他甚至不惜把富江封在水泥里,自己则一直守候在一旁,可惜在他苦等了几十年之后,破开水泥的那一刻,却发现富江早已逃掉了,老去的只有他自己。
《霍乱时期的爱情》电影海报
当然,男人喜欢女人老去这个话题,除了是因为对缠人的女人一种无可奈何的恐惧之外,还有另一层也是更重要的原因——思之不得,便希望在对于女人韶华逝去的想象中得到一些慰藉。
在加夫列尔·加西亚·马尔克斯(Gabriel García Márquez)的《霍乱时期的爱情》(Love in the Time of Cholera)中,主人公穷小子弗洛伦蒂诺·阿里萨(Florentino Ariza)曾与富家女费尔米娜·达萨(Fermina Daza)相恋,但短暂的恋爱很快结束,Fermina嫁作他人妇,Florentino则立志终身不娶。半个世纪之后,Fermina的丈夫去世,她和Florentino的“爱情”终于修成正果。
然而,现实中的男人也许比这故事中的Florentino更为可怜。叶芝的那首浪漫的《当你老了》(“When You Are Old”),你若是晓得它的创作背景,就能体会到它实际上承载了多少的无奈。那个美丽高傲而且有着政治狂热的女人茅德·冈(Maud Gonne)让诗人苦等了一辈子,即使真的韶华已逝,仍然是东西两隔:
叶芝与茅德·冈
When you are old and grey and full of sleep,
And nodding by the fire, take down this book,
And slowly read, and dream of the soft look,
Your eyes had once, and of their shadows deep;
How many loved your moments of glad grace,
And loved your beauty with love false or true,
But one man loved the pilgrim(朝圣者)soul in you,
And loved the sorrows of your changing face;
And bending down beside the glowing bars,
Murmur, a little sadly, how love fled,
And paced upon the mountains overhead,
And hid his face amid a crowd of stars.
不过,与那些由“爱”到“厌倦”再到“仇恨”的男男女女相比,爱过且持续爱了几乎一生的诗人要算幸运得多了。其实从初始的甜蜜到逐渐的窒息,在爱的长跑中,这界线实在并不分明,恋人与仇人,谁又能分辨得清楚。英国当代作家伊恩·麦克尤恩(Ian McEwan)写过一个短篇,名叫《立体几何》(“Solid Geometry”)。人们都知道“七年之痒”,不过,这对夫妇只需要六年时间就已经把彼此锻造成死敌了。终日闷声不响的丈夫,在故纸堆里发现一种创造所谓“the plane without a surface”(没有表面的平面)的方法,于是决定通过这种方法让妻子消失。在卧室里,一边絮絮叨叨,一边准备与丈夫亲昵的妻子梅兹(Maisie),不知道丈夫却是另有企图:
“'Let's go there tomorrow, to the river,'said Maisie as I carefully eased her head towards her arms. 'Careful, careful, that hurts,' she suddenly shouted, and tried to struggle. But it was too late now, her head and legs were in place in the hoop(圈,环)of her arms, and I was beginning to push them through, past each other. 'What's happening?' cried Maisie. Now the positioning of her limb(四肢) expressed the breathtaking beauty, the nobility of the human form, and as in the paper flower, there was a fascinating power in its symmetry(对称). I felt the trance(恍惚)coming on again and the numbness(麻木)settling over the back of my head. As I drew her arms and legs through, Maisie appeared to turn in on herself like a sock. 'Oh God,' she sighed, 'what's happening?' and her voice sounded very far away. Then she was gone... And not gone. Her voice was quite tiny, 'What's happening?' and all that remained was the echo of her question above the deep-blue sheets.”就这样七折八折,丈夫的烦恼就消失了。
siren song(塞壬之歌)在英文中指的是“致命的吸引”,即明知危险,却令你不由得去接近的东西。这典故自然是来自《奥德赛》中用美丽诱人歌声吸引水手们步入死地的女海妖们。爱,也许真的是一首首siren songs,美丽诱人却又步步惊心。To love or not to love, that is a question.