Word List 2

radical /ˈrædɪkl/

【释】adj. 根本的 (fundamental)

【例】the need for radical changes in education

【释】adj. 激进的 (drastic)

【例】He has surrounded himself with a raft of advisers who are very radical.

【反】conservative

subsequent /ˈsʌbsɪkwənt/

【释】adj. 随后的 (following, ensuing)

【例】Subsequent events confirmed our doubts.

【反】previous

resort /rɪˈzɔːrt/

【释】v. 诉诸于 (turn to and adopt)

【例】They have no choice but to resort to violence and intimidation.

【释】n. 度假胜地 (holiday destination)

【例】a famous summer resort for tourists

【释】n. 招数，手段 (strategy)

【例】Nuclear weapons should only be used as the last resort.

ally /ˈælaɪ/

【释】v./n. 结盟，同盟 (give support to another group or country)

【例】The prince allied himself with the Scots.

sustain /səˈsteɪn/

【释】v. 维持 (maintain)

【例】The goal has been to establish and sustain a nation of viable family farms.

【释】v. 遭受 (undergo as of injuries and illnesses)

【例】Every aircraft in there has sustained some damage.

parallel /ˈpærəlel/

【释】adj. 平行的 (side by side and having the same distance continuously)

【例】Often there are emotional reasons paralleling the financial ones.

【近】analogous, comparable

【反】divergent

sponsor /ˈspɑːnsər/

【释】v. 赞助 (support)

【例】sports events sponsored by the tobacco industry

【近】patronize

【形】sponsorship

tap /tæp/

【释】v. 汲取液体 (draw liquid from)

【例】He tapped some beer from the barrel.

【释】v. 开发 (make use of)

【例】to tap the energy of the sun

attribute

【释】v. /əˈtrɪbjuːt/ 归于 (accredit)

【例】She attributes her success to hard work and a little luck.

【释】n. /ˈætrɪbjuːt/ 特点，属性 (a quality or feature)

【例】Cruelty is a normal attribute of human behavior.

grab /ɡræb/

【释】n./v. 抓住 (take hold of to seize or restrain or stop the motion of)

【例】I managed to grab her hand.

【近】seize, grasp, snatch, take hold of

【释】v. 吸引 (capture attention or imagination of)

【例】I jumped on the wall to grab the attention of the crowd.

exposure /ɪkˈspoʊʒər/

【释】n. 暴露 (the fact of being affected by sth. or experiencing sth.)

【例】Exposure to lead is known to damage the brains of young children.

【释】n. 报道 (public attention or notice)

【例】All the candidates have been getting an enormous amount of exposure on television and in the press.

【近】publicity

deposit /dɪˈpɑːzɪt/

【释】v./n. 沉积(物) (accumulate)

【释】n. 存款；押金

【例】It is common to ask for the equivalent of a month’s rent as a deposit.

【近】accumulation

seal /siːl/

【释】n. 海豹

【例】Two thousand grey seal pups are born there every autumn.

【释】v. 密封 (close)

【例】He sealed the envelope and put on a stamp.

【释】n. 象征，标志；印章

【近】emblem

spin /spɪn/

【释】v. 快速转动 (rotate)

【例】The plane was spinning out of control.

【近】revolve

mount /maʊnt/

【释】v. 增加 (increase in size)

【例】Expenses are mounting up.

【反】diminish

【释】v. 安装，固定 (fix)

【例】mount an engine in a car

【释】n. 山 (mountain)

precisely /prɪˈsaɪsli/

【释】adv. 精确地 (accurately)

【例】She pronounced the word very slowly and precisely.

【近】exactly

rival /ˈraɪvl/

【释】adj. 对抗的 (conflicting)

【例】fighting between rival groups

【释】n. 对手 (opponent)

【例】He had respect for his rivals.

【反】ally

moderate

【释】adj./ˈmɑːdərət/温和的，适量的 (not extreme)

【近】temperate

【例】While a moderate amount of stress can be beneficial, too much stress can exhaust you.

【释】v. /ˈmɑːdəreɪt/ 缓和 (make less strong or intense)

【例】They are hoping that once in office he can be persuaded to moderate his views.

constitute /ˈkɑːnstətuːt/

【释】v. 组成 (make up, comprise)

【例】The increase in racial tension constitutes a threat to our society.

【近】form

【形】constituent

consultant /kənˈsʌltənt/

【释】n. 顾问 (a person who provides expert advice professionally)

【例】the President’s consultant on economic affairs

【近】expert, specialist

prompt /prɑːmpt/

【释】v. 导致 (cause)

【例】The recession has prompted consumers to cut back on buying cars.

【近】induce, motivate

【释】adj. 及时的 (done without delay; immediate)

【例】a prompt reply

venture /ˈventʃər/

【释】v. 冒险 (dare to do something)

【例】They ventured nervously into the water.

compound /ˈkɑːmpaʊnd/

【释】adj. 复合的 (composite)

【例】compound ingredients

【释】n. 复合词；混合物

【例】The words “rowboat” and “hide-and-seek” are compounds.

【近】combination, mixture

mess /mes/

【释】n. 脏乱 (an untidy state)

【例】The house is a mess.

【释】n. 混乱 (a state of confusion and disorderliness)

【例】I’ve made such a mess of my life.

comprehensive /ˌkɑːmprɪˈhensɪv/

【释】adj. 全面的 (complete, thorough)

【例】a comprehensive study

【近】inclusive

incentive /ɪnˈsentɪv/

【释】n. 激励 (thing that encourages sb. to do sth.)

【例】Bonus payments provide an incentive to work harder.

【近】motivation, motive, reason, stimulus

【反】deterrent

dismiss /dɪsˈmɪs/

【释】v. 解散 (allow somebody to leave)

【例】The students were dismissed early because of the snowstorm.

【反】assemble

【释】v. 解雇，开除 (remove somebody from his/her job)

【例】Several employees were recently dismissed.

【近】rid of, discharge

【反】engage

【释】v. 不予理会，不予考虑 (not to think about or consider)

【例】I don’t think we should dismiss the matter lightly.

margin /ˈmɑːrdʒən/

【释】n. 边缘 (edge of area)

【例】These islands are on the margins of human habitation.

【近】edge, verge

【释】n. 幅度

【例】to lose by a small margin

stroke /stroʊk/

【释】n. 一击 (an act of hitting or striking)

【例】He cut the rope with a stroke of his sword.

【释】n. 笔画，一挥

【例】Fill in gaps by using short, upward strokes of the pencil.

passion /ˈpæʃn/

【释】n. 热情，激情 (strong and barely controllable emotion)

【例】Maggy is the object of his passions.

【近】fervor, enthusiasm, zeal, vigor

champion /ˈtʃæmpiən/

【释】v. 支持 (support)

【例】He passionately championed the poor.

【近】advocate

【反】oppose

【释】n. 倡导者 (defender, advocate)

【例】a champion of gender equality

【释】n. 冠军 (winner)

compromise /ˈkɑːmprəmaɪz/

【释】v. 妥协 (reconcile)

【例】She had already compromised herself by accepting his invitation.

【释】v. 危及，连累 (damage)

【例】She was much compromised by the gossip surrounding her divorce.

literary /ˈlɪtəreri/

【释】adj. 文学的 (of literature)

【例】She has published more than 20 books including novels, poetry and literary criticism.

pump /pʌmp/

【释】n. 泵

【释】v. 用泵输送

deficit /ˈdefɪsɪt/

【释】n. 缺陷 (a deficiency or failing)

【释】n. 赤字

【例】They’re ready to cut the federal budget deficit for the next fiscal year.

【反】surplus

assign /əˈsaɪn/

【释】v. 指派 (designate)

【例】The teacher assigned a different task to each of the children.

【近】allocate, appoint

twist /twɪst/

【释】v. 缠绕 (form into a bent, curling, or distorted shape)

【例】Twist the wire to form a circle.

【近】twine

【释】n./v. 扭转；扭动

【例】a twist of fate

exceed /ɪkˈsiːd/

【释】v. 超过 (be greater than; go beyond)

【例】His achievements have exceeded expectations.

【近】surpass

expenditure /ɪkˈspendɪtʃər/

【释】n. 开支 (the action of spending funds)

【例】They should cut the expenditure on defense.

gear /ɡɪr/

【释】v. 使…适合 (adjust)

【例】The book is geared to children.

【释】n. 装置，工具；齿轮

【近】apparatus

stake /steɪk/

【释】v. 支持；下赌注 (risk money or something important on the result of something)

【例】stake out a claim

chamber /ˈtʃeɪmbər/

【释】n. 洞穴 (cave)

【释】n. 房间 (room)

【例】The chamber was ablazed with light.

possession /pəˈzeʃn/

【释】n. 拥有 (state of having)

【例】The possession of a passport is essential for a foreign travel.

【近】ownership

democratic /ˌdeməˈkrætɪk/

【释】adj. 民主的 (relating to the idea that all people should be treated equally)

【例】Debates are an important part of the democratic process.

【近】representative, popular, autonomous, republican

constraint /kənˈstreɪnt/

【释】n. 限制 (restriction; limit)

【例】At last we could relax and talk without constraint.

【近】limitation, check, restraint

undergo /ˌʌndərˈɡoʊ/

【释】v. 经历 (experience or be subjected to)

【例】My mother underwent major surgery last year.

inquiry /ˈɪnkwəri/

【释】n. 查问，质询

【例】The Democratic Party has called for an independent inquiry into the incident.

【近】question, investigation, probe

distinct /dɪˈstɪŋkt/

【释】adj. 分开的 (separate)

【形】distinction

compose /kəmˈpoʊz/

【释】v. 组成 (make up)

【例】Ten men compose the committee.

【释】v. 创作 (write with skills)

【例】Vivaldi composed a large number of very fine concertos.

【近】formulate, devise

【释】v. 镇定 (calm down)

【例】She quickly composed herself as the car started off.

regulate /ˈreɡjuleɪt/

【释】v. 调节 (adjust)

【例】Some help regulate the activities of other cells in the immune system.

【释】v. 控制 (control)

【例】a planned, state-regulated economy

trigger /ˈtrɪɡər/

【释】v. 引发 (cause)

【例】Nuts can trigger off a violent allergic reaction.

【近】precipitate, prompt, elicit

【释】n. 扳机

rear /rɪr/

【释】v. 饲养 (raise)

【释】v. (指马)后腿直立

【例】The horse reared, throwing its rider off.

【释】n. 后部 (back part)

【例】Viewed from rear, the car looks a bit square.

【反】forefront

composition /ˌkɑːmpəˈzɪʃn/

【释】n. 作品，作曲 (a musical work that has been created)

【例】Mozart’s compositions are undoubtedly amongst the world’s greatest.

【释】n. 组成 (the different parts which something is made of)

【例】Scientists study the composition of the soil.

【近】makeup

racial /ˈreɪʃl/

【释】adj. 种族的 (of or relating to race)

【例】the elimination of racial discrimination

【近】ethnic

stimulate /ˈstɪmjuleɪt/

【释】v. 刺激，激励 (encourage)

【例】The article can be used to stimulate discussion among students.

【形】stimulus

narrative /ˈnærətɪv/

【释】n./adj. 叙事(的)

【例】He was a writer of great narrative power.

【近】account, description

interior /ɪnˈtɪriər/

【释】n. 内部 (the inner or indoor part)

【例】the interior of a building

excess /ɪkˈses/

【释】n. 过量 (an amount of something that is more than necessary)

【例】Are you suffering from an excess of stress in your life?

【近】surplus

extract /ˈekstrækt/

【释】v. 取出 (remove especially by effort or force)

【例】Citric acid can be extracted from the juice of oranges, lemons, limes or grapefruit.

【近】remove

【反】infuse

implementation /ˌɪmplɪmenˈteɪʃn/

【释】n. 实施 (providing a practical means for accomplishing something)

【例】The implementation of the treaty was obstructed.

【近】effectuation

catalog /ˈkætəlɔːɡ/

【释】n. 目录 (a complete list of items)

【释】n. 一系列 (a series of)

【例】a catalogue of complaints

【释】v. 将…编入目录 (make an itemized list)

【例】He is cataloguing his photographic negatives.

reflection /rɪˈflekʃn/

【释】n. 深思 (consideration)

【例】He paused, absorbed by his reflections.

【反】【释】n. 射 (act of reflecting)

【例】the reflection of sunlight

【释】n. 倒影 (an image seen in a mirror)

【例】see one’s reflection in a window

cluster /ˈklʌstər/

【释】v. 聚集 (concentrate)

【例】The children clustered together in the corner of the room.

【释】n. 群，簇 (a group of similar things)

【近】mass

controversial /ˌkɑːntrəˈvɜːrʃl/

【释】adj. 有争议的 (causing disagreement)

【例】Abortion is a highly controversial subject.

【近】debatable

【形】controversy

panic /ˈpænɪk/

【释】n. 恐慌 (uncontrollable fear or anxiety)

【例】She left in panic.

【近】fright

genuine /ˈdʒenjuɪn/

【释】adj. 真的 (authentic, real)

【例】They’re convinced the picture is genuine.

【释】adj. 真诚的 (sincere)

【例】If this offer is genuine, I will gladly accept it.

【近】authentic

vessel /ˈvesl/

【释】n. 容器 (container)

【释】n. 船

reckon /ˈrekən/

【释】v. 估计，估算 (size up)

【例】It’s worth a lot of money, I reckon.

【近】compute

【释】v. 期望 (rely on or be sure of doing)

【例】They haven’t reckoned on a visit from her.

innocent /ˈɪnəsnt/

【释】adj. 无辜的 (not guilty of a crime or offense)

【例】Both groups on either side are just picking off innocent bystanders.

【近】honest, harmless, benign, safe, pure

filter /ˈfɪltər/

【释】v. 过滤 (pass (a liquid, gas, light, or sound) through a device to remove unwanted material)

【例】Charcoal is used to filter water.

【近】screen

stir /stɜːr/

【释】v. 搅动，搅拌

【例】Stir the sauce gently over a low heat.

【近】mix, blend, whip

【释】v. 激起，激怒 (provoke deliberately)

【例】This murder has stirred a lot of ill feeling in the community.

qualification /ˌkwɑːlɪfɪˈkeɪʃn/

【释】n. 资格 (a quality or accomplishment that makes someone suitable)

【例】courses leading to recognized qualifications in art and design

【近】certificate, license

【释】n. 限制条件

【例】The empirical evidence considered here is subject to many qualifications.

suspend /səˈspend/

【释】v. 悬挂 (hang)

【释】v. 暂停；延期，推迟 (stop temporarily)

【例】A UN official said aid programs will be suspended.

【近】postpone, delay

hypothesis /haɪˈpɑːθəsɪs/

【释】n. 假设 (supposition)

【例】There is little evidence to support these hypotheses.

【形】hypothetical

theoretical /ˌθiːəˈretɪkl/

【释】adj. 假设的 (hypothetical)

【例】It’s a theoretical possibility.

【释】adj. 理论的 (involving theory)

【例】The first year provides students with a sound theoretical basis for later study.

【近】conjectural

curtain /ˈkɜːrtn/

【释】n. 帘幕；窗帘

【例】Draw the curtains and put the light on.

【释】v. 遮蔽 (close off with curtains)

【近】screen, conceal

grin /ɡrɪn/

【释】n./v. 露齿笑 (smile broadly, often baring the teeth)

【例】He grins, delighted at the memory.

regime /reɪˈʒiːm/

【释】n. 政权 (government)

【例】The old corrupt, totalitarian regime was overthrown.

【释】n. 管理体制 (a particular way of operating a business)

【例】The regime in this office is hard work and more hard work.

acid /ˈæsɪd/

【释】n. 酸

【释】adj. 酸的

【例】acid rain

【释】adj. 尖刻的

【例】This comedy of contemporary manners is told with compassion and acid humor.

【形】acidic

transaction /trænˈzækʃn/

【释】n. 交易 (piece of business)

【例】financial transactions between companies

【近】undertaking

dynamic /daɪˈnæmɪk/

【释】n./adj. 动态(的) (always active or changing)

【例】a dynamic, evolving worldwide epidemic

【释】adj. 有活力的 (having a lot of energy)

【例】an exciting and dynamic performance

【近】vital

sophisticate /səˈfɪstɪkeɪt/

【释】v. 使变得世故，使复杂 (make things more complicated)

【例】readers who have been sophisticated by modern literary practice

【释】n. 久经世故的人 (a person with much worldly experience)

【例】She wasn’t the sophisticate that Jack had imagined her to be.

domain /doʊˈmeɪn/

【释】n. 领土 (an area of territory)

【近】realm, kingdom, empire, province

【释】n. (学问、活动等的)领域

【例】Organic foods are no longer the sole domain of healthy-eating fanatics.

prominent /ˈprɑːmɪnənt/

【释】adj. 杰出的，卓越的 (very well-known and important)

【例】a prominent Democrat

【近】eminent

【释】adj. 突出的 (sticking out from a surface)

【例】a man with big, prominent eyes like a lobster’s

exploit /ɪkˈsplɔɪt/

【释】v. 压榨 (make full use of and derive benefit from)

【例】Critics claim he exploited black musicians for personal gain.

【释】v. 开发，利用 (make use of)

【例】I think we’re being very short sighted in not exploiting our own coal.

【近】utilize, harness

seminar /ˈsemɪnɑːr/

【释】n. 研讨会 (any meeting for an exchange of ideas)

【例】Students are asked to prepare material in advance of each weekly seminar.

【近】forum, discussion

integration /ˌɪntɪˈɡreɪʃn/

【释】n. 整合 (the action or process of integrating)

【例】His music is an integration of tradition and new technology.

【近】incorporation

dose /doʊs/

【释】n. 一次的剂量 (a quantity of a medicine)

【例】One dose of penicillin can wipe out the infection.

【近】portion

conscious /ˈkɑːnʃəs/

【释】adj. 清醒的，有意识的 (mentally perceptive or alert)

【例】The patient was fully conscious throughout the operation.

【释】adj. 意识到的 (intentionally conceived or done)

【例】Teachers are increasingly conscious of the importance of the Internet.

【近】aware

interval /ˈɪntərvl/

【释】n. 间隔 (period)

【例】The interval between major earthquakes might be 200 years.

【形】intervention

scenario /səˈnærioʊ/

【释】n. 情况 (situation)

【例】Let me suggest a possible scenario.

【释】n. 剧情 (a written outline)

render /ˈrendər/

【释】v. 提供 (provide or give)

【例】Mrs. Evans would render assistance to those she thought were in need.

【近】give, provide

scatter /ˈskætər/

【释】v. 分散 (disperse; diffuse)

【例】They scattered his ashes at sea.

【反】assemble, cluster

alliance /əˈlaɪəns/

【释】n. 联合 (a union or association)

【例】The Social Democrats are now in alliance with the Greens.

【近】league

virtue /ˈvɜːrtʃuː/

【释】n. 美德 (good quality)

【例】His virtue is patience.

【近】integrity, dignity

【释】n. 优点 (advantage)

【例】There was no virtue in returning to Calvi the way I had come.

【反】vice

entity /ˈentəti/

【释】n. 实体 (a thing with distinct and independent existence)

【例】These countries can no longer be viewed as a single entity.

facilitate /fəˈsɪlɪteɪt/

【释】v. 促进；使容易，使便利 (make easier)

【例】Cutting taxes may facilitate economic recovery.

【近】ease, assist

【反】impede

beam /biːm/

【释】n. 横梁

【例】the building’s steel support beams

【近】girder, timber

【释】n. 光线 (a line of light)

【例】a bright beam of light

【释】v. 绽放笑容 (smile happily)

【例】They stood beaming with satisfaction.

【反】frown

consensus /kənˈsensəs/

【释】n. 一致 (general agreement)

【例】The decision was made by consensus.

【近】agreement, harmony, accord, unity

【反】disagreement

gross /ɡroʊs/

【释】adj. 粗俗的 (coarse)

【例】He abused the Admiral in the grossest terms.

【释】adj. 重大的

【例】The company is guilty of gross negligence.

【反】slender