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free adj. 自由的，空闲的；免费的
[考] 1. for free 免费 2. free of charge 免费 3. set...free 释放… 4. be free from/of 免受…
very adv. 很，非常 adj. 恰好的，正好的
[用] very作形容词时，用来加强语气： That's the very thing I've been looking for. 那正是我一直在找的东西。
land n. 陆地 v. 登陆；降落
[例] dry land 旱地 // The pilot landed the plane safely. 驾驶员使飞机安全降落了。
[考] land on...（飞机等） 降落于…
flame n. 火焰，光辉
[记] 词根记忆：flam（燃烧；火焰）+e→火焰
[例] The sticks burst into flames. 木柴很快烧了起来。
political adj. 政治的
[记] 和politics（n. 政治） 一起记
[例] He is a political leader. 他是一名政治领袖。
[参] politician（n. 政治家，政客）；politics（n. 政治）
bit n. 一点，一些，少量
[用] 1. a bit的用法当于副词，用来修饰形容词、 副词以及动词： The box is a bit heavy. 这个箱子有点重。2. a bit 可用来修饰形容词、 副词的比较级，并可和too连用： This coat is a bit too big. 这件衣服有点太大了。3. a bit不能直接修饰名词，须用a bit of: I have a bit of money with me. 我随身带了一点钱。
[考] 1. a bit of 一点，一些（修饰不可数名词） 2. bit by bit 一点一点地 3. not a bit 一点也不
辨：a bit, a little
后面接形容词时，二者在肯定句中可以互换，但在否定句中意思则相反，即not a bit=not at all, 而not a little=very much; a little后面可接不可数名词，而a bit不可以，但a bit of后面可接不可数名词。
journey n. 旅行，路程
[例] The journey around the world took the old sailor nine months. 老水手用9个月的时间完成了环球旅行。
lie n. 谎言 vi.（lay, lain, lying） 躺，卧，平放；位于 vt.（lied, lied, lying） 说谎
[例] lie detector 测谎仪 // The newspaper is lying next to the bed. 报纸在床旁边。// Lie still and don't make any noise. 躺着别动，也不要发出任何声音。
[考] 1. a white lie 善意的谎言 2. lie down 躺下 3. lie in 存在于
merciful adj. 仁慈的；宽大的
[例] The merciful king set the prisoner free at the end of the story. 故事的最后，仁慈的国王释放了那个囚犯。
bend v.（bent, bent, bending） 弯曲；弯腰，屈身
[例] Bend your arms and touch your shoulders. 曲臂触摸双肩。// He bent over the sink to do the dishes. 他弯下腰在水槽里面刷碟子。
[参] bent（adj. 弯的）
cycle n. 周期；循环 vi. 骑自行车，循环 vt. 使循环
[记] 词根记忆：cycl（环）+e→循环
[例] a wave cycle 波动周期 // I cannot cycle to school today because my bike is broken. 今天我不能骑车上学，因为我的车坏了。
[参] bicycle（n. 自行车）；recycle（v. 回收）；tricycle（n. 三轮车）；cyclist（n. 骑自行车的人）
annoy vt. 使烦恼，使生气；骚扰
[例] John's little brother annoyed him by changing the TV channels. 约翰的弟弟总是换台，弄得他很烦。
[参] annoyance（n. 烦恼）；annoying（adj. 烦人的）；annoyingly（adv. 烦人地）
mind n. 思想 v. 介意
[用] 1. mind+doing: 介意…： He doesn't mind lending you his dictionary. 他不介意把词典借给你。// I hope you don't mind my asking, but where did you buy those shoes? 希望你不介意我问一下，你的鞋子是在哪里买的？2. Do/Would you mind +doing.../+if...？ 用于请求对方同意或帮忙： I'll be away on a business trip. Would you mind looking after my cat? 我要出差，你介意照顾一下我的小猫吗？// Do you mind if I sit here? 我坐在这儿你介意吗？注意： 在回答Do/Would you mind...？的问句时，如表示不介意，常用： Of course not./Not at all./No, please. 等；如果表示介意，常用I'm sorry but I do.
[考] 1. absent⁃minded 心不在焉的，open⁃minded 思想开放的，single⁃minded 一心一意的2. Never mind. 没关系 3. keep...in mind 牢记在心 4. make up one's mind 下定决心 5. change one's mind 改变主意
die v.（died, died, dying） 死亡；消失；熄灭
[用] 1. die of... 因…而死（原因常来自内部） ，多指死于疾病，后面常接：hunger, cold, poison, illness, old age, a disease, cancer, thirst, sorrow, a fever, heat等词。2. die from...由于…而死（原因常来自外部），多指因疾病以外的其他原因而死，后面常接：accident, overwork, carelessness, drinking, smoking, some unknown cause等词。注意：die为瞬间动词，不能与表示时间段的状语连用。
[考] die out 灭绝，熄灭： The fire became weak and finally died out. 火变得微弱，最终熄灭了。
fact n. 事实，现实
[考] 1. in fact 事实上，实际上 2. as a matter of fact 事实上，实际上： I'm going there tomorrow, as a matter of fact. 实际上我明天就要去那儿。
declare v. 宣布，声明；申报（应纳税品）
[记] 词根记忆：de（表加强）+clare（看作clear,清楚）→说清楚→宣布，声明
[例] If you have nothing to declare, go through the Green Channel. 如果你没有物品需要申报，请走绿色通道。
warn vt. 警告；预告
[用] 1. warn sb. of/about sth. 警告某人提防某事： I have warned you of the dangerous dog. 我已经警告过你这条狗很危险。2. warn sb. not to do sth. 警告某人不要做某事： Mom warned little Tom not to go out alone during the night. 妈妈告诫小汤姆晚上不要一个人外出。3. warn sb. against doing sth. 警告某人不要做某事： He warned me against going there at night. 他告诫我夜里不要去那儿。
[参] warning（n. 警告）
obey v. 服从，顺从
[例] A soldier's duty is to obey orders. 服从命令是士兵的职责。
[参] disobey（v. 违反，不服从）
grade n. 等级；（中小学的）学年；成绩，分数
[例] Jim's elder brother will enter the sixth grade this autumn. 吉姆的哥哥今年秋季将升入六年级。
expensive adj. 昂贵的，高消费的
[例] expensive region 高消费区 // The house rent is expensive. 房租很贵。
[参] inexpensive（adj. 便宜的）
announce v. 宣布，宣告
[记] 词根记忆：an（表加强）+nounce（讲话，说出）→大声说出来→宣布，宣告
[例] John and Mary announced their engagement last night. 昨天晚上约翰和玛丽宣布了他们订婚的消息。
[参] announcement（n. 通告，声明）
nowhere adv. 任何地方都不；无处
[例] The new novel Henry writes can be bought nowhere. 亨利写的那本新小说什么地方都买不到。
persuade v. 说服，劝说；使相信
[用] persuade可接复合宾语，宾补常是动词不定式或介词短语： 1. persuade sb.（not） to do sth. 说服某人（不）做某事： She persuaded me to phone the local college. 她说服我给当地的大学打电话。2. persuade sb. into/out of doing sth. 说服某人做/不做某事： I persuaded her into/out of going to the party. 我说服她参加/不参加这次聚会。
[例] I persuaded her that what I had said was true. 我使她相信了我的话。
decision n. 决定；决议
[考] 1. make a decision 作决定 2. reach a decision 达成决议
real adj. 真实的，确实的
[例] real life 现实生活
[参] really（adv. 真正地）；reality（n. 真实，现实）
seldom adv. 很少，不常
[用] 1. seldom是否定副词，因此后接反意疑问句时，用肯定形式： He seldom cries, does he? 他很少哭，是吗？2. seldom位于句首时，句子要采用部分倒装的形式： Seldom did I ask him for help. 我很少向他求助。类似的副词或短语还有never, hardly, neither/nor, only by, no sooner...than...，not until, so等。3. 表示动作发生频率的常用副词有：never（从不），seldom（很少），sometimes（有时），often（经常），always（总是）。
辨：seldom, hardly
两个副词都具有否定意义。hardly否定动词的动作，如： We could hardly move. 我们几乎不能动。seldom指动词的动作很少发生，如： He seldom bathed. 他很少洗澡。
need vt. 需要 modal v. 必须 n. 需要，需求
[用] 1. need用作情态动词时，通常用于否定句和疑问句： —Need you go now? —No, I needn't. / Yes, I must. —你现在必须走吗？—不，不必。/ 是的，必须走。2. needn't have done... 本不必做…（实际已做）： Catherine, you needn't have cleaned my room, I could manage it myself. 凯瑟琳，你本不必打扫我的房间的，我自己能行。3. 主语是物时，need后面常用doing形式来表示被动（也可以用不定式的被动式）： Your hair needs cutting.（=Your hair needs to be cut.） 你的头发该剪了。有类似用法的动词还有want, require, demand等。
[例] You don't need to describe her, because I have met her several times. 你不用给我形容她长什么样子，我已经见过她好几次了。
spot n. 斑点，污点；场所，地点 vt.（spotted, spotted, spotting） 沾上污渍，弄脏；认出，发现
[例] spot mistakes 发现错误
anyway adv. 不管怎样
[例] I'm sorry about that. Anyway, I think I'll be able to get to work tomorrow. 对此我感到抱歉。但不管怎样，我想明天我就能开始工作了。
punish vt. 惩罚，处罚
[记] 联想记忆： 因为没有完成（finish）任务受到惩罚（punish）
[用] punish sb. for sth. 因某事惩罚某人： His parents punished him for coming home late. 因为回家晚了，他的父母惩罚了他。
[参] punishment（n. 惩罚）
challenge n. 挑战；挑战性 vt. 挑战
[用] 1. challenge sb. to do sth. 挑战某人做某事，邀请某人比赛： He challenged me to play another tennis game. 他向我挑战，邀我再跟他打一场网球赛。 2. challenge sb. to sth. 挑战某人做某事： Their school challenged ours to a football match. 他们学校向我们学校发起挑战，比赛足球。
[例] issue/give a challenge 发起挑战 // accept/take a challenge 接受挑战 // He challenged me to a game of chess. 他向我挑战下棋。
[考] beyond challenge 无与伦比，无可比拟
situation n. 形势，情况
[例] a dangerous situation 危险的境地
extraordinary adj. 非常的；非凡的
[记] 词根记忆：extra（以外）+ordinary（平常的）→平常之外的→非凡的
[例] extraordinary situations 特殊情况 // extraordinary achievements 非凡的成就
frost n. 霜
[例] The grass was covered with frost. 草被霜覆盖。
convince vt. 使确信，使信服
[记] 词根记忆：con（全部）+vince（征服）→彻底征服对方→使信服
[例] What can I do to convince you of the truth? 我要怎么做才能让你相信这是事实？
shock vt. 使震惊 n. 震动，冲击
[例] shock wave 冲击波
[参] shocking（adj. 令人震惊的；令人厌恶的；非常糟的）；shocked（adj. 感到震惊的）
slight adj. 轻微的，细小的
[记] 联想记忆：s+light（轻的） →轻微的
[例] slight mistake 微小的错误 // slight movement 轻微的运动
[参] slightly（adv. 轻微地）
unfair adj. 不公平的，不公正的
[记] 词根记忆：un（不）+fair（公平的，公正的）→不公平的，不公正的
[例] This is unfair. 这不公平。
[参] unfairly（adv. 不公正地）
on prep. 在…上；在…时候；在…地方；关于 adv. 继续
[用] 1. 涉及具体某天的时间用on: on Friday 在星期五 // on the afternoon of May the first在5月1日的下午 // on Christmas Eve 在圣诞前夜 2. on + n./doing... 一…就…： On his arrival, I told him what had happened. 他一到，我就告诉他发生了什么事情。
[考] 1. on the moment 立刻 2. on time 按时，准时 3. on holiday/vacation 在度假 4. on the other hand 另一方面 5. on the contrary 正相反 6. on the/one's way（to） 在（去）…的路上 7. on the whole 基本上，大体上 8. on show 在展出 9. on and on 继续不停地 10. on duty 值班；上班 11. on one's own 独立地，自主地 12. on foot 步行
单元自测题
1. — Excuse me, could you tell me the way to the British Museum?
— Sorry, I'm a stranger here.
— ______.（2007辽宁）
A. Thanks, anyway
B. It doesn't matter
C. Never mind
D. No problem
2. You are driving too fast. Can you drive ______？（2008全国1卷）
A. more slowly a bit
B. slowly a bit more
C. a bit more slowly
D. slowly more bit
3. The football team of No.1 middle school invited us to a match and we decided to accept the ______.
A. chance
B. challenge
C. match
D. opportunity
4. After circling around the earth for three days, Shenzhou Spaceship received the command from the ground that ______ as scheduled the next day.
A. it has landed
B. it lands
C. it will land
D. it land
5. Before the sales start, I make a list of ______ my kids will need for the coming season.（2010山东）
A. why
B. what
C. how
D. which
6. Why don't you just ______ your own business and leave me alone?（2007全国2卷）
A. make
B. open
C. consider
D. mind
7. School children must be taught how to deal with dangerous ______.（2006辽宁）
A. states
B. conditions
C. situations
D. positions
8. — Sorry I'm late. I got stuck in traffic.
— ______. You're here now. Come in and sit down.（2012山东）
A. You are welcome
B. That's right
C. I have no idea
D. Never mind
9. — The weather has been very hot and dry.
— Yes. If it had rained even a drop, things would be much better now! And my vegetables ______.（2010北京）
A. wouldn't die
B. didn't die
C. hadn't died
D. wouldn't have died
10. We only had $100 and that was ______ to buy a new computer.（2010辽宁）
A. nowhere near enough
B. near enough nowhere
C. enough near nowhere
D. near nowhere enough
11. — Have you handed in your schoolwork yet?
— Yes, I have. I guess it ______ now.（2007辽宁）
A. has graded
B. is graded
C. is being graded
D. is grading
12. At the meeting place of the Yangtze River and the Jialing River, ______ one of the ten largest cities in China.（2010重庆）
A. lie
B. lies
C. does lie
D. does lie
13. Mark ______ have hurried. After driving at top speed, he arrived half an hour early.（2010天津）
A. needn't
B. wouldn't
C. mustn't
D. couldn't
14. Alice trusts you; only you can ______ her to give up the foolish idea.
A. suggest
B. attract
C. tempt
D. persuade
15. Martin is as strong as a horse. He ______falls ill.
A. often
B. sometimes
C. frequently
D. seldom
答案：ACBDB DCDDA CBADD