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firm n. 公司，企业 adj. 坚固的；坚定的
[例] Tom works in a big firm. 汤姆在一家大公司工作。// a firm belief 坚定的信念
like n. 爱好 prep. 像，跟…一样 v. 喜欢，喜爱
辨：like, as
两个词都有“像…”之意，但用法不同，不可以互换。like一般用作介词，其后接名词或代词，不接从句。如： He cried like a baby. 他哭得像个小孩。而as用作连词，其后往往接从句，如： Do exactly as I say. 严格照我说的办。另外as也可用作介词，但意思是“作为；以…的身份”，如： He used his umbrella as a walking⁃stick. 他把雨伞当做手杖用。
diet n. 饮食；节食 v. 节食
[记] 联想记忆： 过度节食（diet） 会死（die） 人的
[例] the traditional diet 传统饮食 // Both the diet and the exercise will help us to lose weight. 节食和锻炼将有助于我们减肥。
pressure n. 压；压力；压强
[记] 词根记忆：press（压）+ure（表行为及行为结果）→压；压力；压强
[例] The public put pressure on the local government to cut the tax. 公众向当地政府施压，要求减少税收。
activity n. 活动
[记] 词根记忆：act（活动）+ivity（名词后缀）→活动
[例] social activities 社会活动
accept v. 接受
[记] 词根记忆：ac+cept（拿，抓）→拿住→接受；同根词有：except（prep. 除…之外）；conception（n. 概念）
[例] Please accept my apologies. 请接受我的道歉。
[参] acceptable（adj. 可接受的）
辨：accept, receive
accept表示主观上“接受”，而receive表示客观上“收到”，如： She received a birthday present from a boy but did not accept it. 她收到一个男孩送的生日礼物，但没有接受。
defeat vt. 击败；战胜
[例] The Rockets defeated the Bulls by 92 to 87. 火箭队以92比87战胜了公牛队。
[参] undefeated（adj. 不可战胜的）
relay n. 接力；接替v. 接替；转运
[记] 词根记忆：re（重新）+lay（放置）→重新放置→转运
[例] new relays of troops 新接班的部队
evidence n. 证据
[记] 词根记忆：e+vid（看见）+ence（名词后缀）→眼见为实→证据
[例] This evidence cannot prove the defendant's guilt. 这一证据不能证明被告有罪。
imagine v. 想象，设想
[用] 1. imagine+doing... 想象做…： I can't imagine becoming rich. 我无法想象变得富有。注意：imagine后需要跟动词时只能用doing而不能用to do的形式。2. imagine+从句，如： I can imagine what you told me about the forest. 我可以想象出你告诉我的关于那片森林的情况。
relation n. 关系；亲属
[例] Relations between the two countries has reached a crisis point. 这两个国家间的关系已经达到了危机点。
[考] in/with relation to... 与…相关；涉及…：in relation to the murder 涉嫌谋杀
freedom n. 自由
[记] 词根记忆：free（自由的） + dom（名词后缀） →自由
[例] The black slaves in America fought for their freedom and respect in the 19th century. 19世纪，美国的黑奴为了他们的自由和尊严而战。
breakthrough n. 突破
[记] 联想记忆：break（打破）+through（通过）→突破
[例] a scientific breakthrough 科学突破
left adj. 左边的 adv. 向左边，在左边 n. 左，左边
[记] 联想记忆： 非常浪漫的文艺电影Turn Left, Turn Right 《向左走，向右走》
[例] The old man walked along the street and then turned left at the corner. 那位老人沿着街道走，然后在拐角处向左转。
confirm vt. 确定；批准
[记] 词根记忆：con（表加强）+firm（坚定） →十分坚定→确定
[例] Please confirm our reservations at the hotel. 请确认一下我们在旅店的预订情况。
ability n. 能力；才能
[记] 来自able（adj. 能够的）
[考] ability to do... 有做…的能力： I don't doubt your ability to do the work. 我不怀疑你做这项工作的能力。
[参] disability（n. 残疾；无能）
member n. 成员，会员
[例] All the members of the company are asked to be present at the party. 要求所有的公司员工都出席晚会。
[参] membership（n. 会员资格）
climate n. 气候；风气；环境气氛
[例] a mild climate 温和的气候 // a climate of unrest 不安的气氛
stupid adj. 愚蠢的，笨的
[例] Getting involved in this is the manager's stupid decision. 参与这件事是经理作出的愚蠢决定。
辨：stupid, foolish, silly
stupid既可以指智力或能力低下，即“笨的”，也可以指“糊涂的，欠考虑的”；foolish指行为或行动缺乏判断力、 没有头脑的；silly则指让人感到滑稽可笑的。
organise （美organize） v. 组织
[例] I'm organising the evening party. 我正在筹备晚会。
[参] organisation（n. 组织）；organiser（n. 组织者，创办者）
decorate v. 装饰，修饰
[记] 词根记忆：decor（装饰）+ate（动词后缀）→装饰，修饰
[例] Every Christmas, we decorate a Christmas tree. 每年圣诞节，我们都装饰一棵圣诞树。
[参] decoration（n. 装饰，修饰）
wage n. 工资，报酬
[例] How can I keep a family on such a low wage?就这么点工资，我怎么养家？
[参] salary（n. 工资，薪水）
target n. 目标，对象；靶子
[例] She became the target of most of our jokes. 我们总是拿她开玩笑。
conservative adj. 守旧的；保守主义的；谨慎的
[例] Old people are often more conservative than young people. 老年人通常要比年轻人保守。// the Conservative Party 保守党
[参] conservation（n. 保存，保护）
lonely adj. 孤独的，寂寞的
[例] She feels rather lonely in the strange town. 在这座陌生的城市里，她感到很寂寞。
辨：alone, lonely
alone强调不和他人在一起，但并不意味着不快乐；lonely常指痛苦地意识到自己独自一人，如： Tom is alone in the room, but he doesn't feel lonely. 汤姆独自一人在房间里，但他不感到孤单。alone为表语形容词，lonely既可作表语也可作定语。
slip v.（slipped, slipped, slipping） 溜（进/走）；滑动 n. 片，纸片；滑倒
[例] She slipped away without being seen.她悄悄溜走了，没人看见。// He took a slip of paper out of his pocket. 他从口袋里拿出一张纸条。
away adv. 离开，远离
[考] 1. right away 立刻 2. run away 跑开 3. break away from 脱离
congratulation n. [pl.] 祝贺
[例] —I have passed the exam! —Congratulations!
—我考试及格了!—祝贺你!
[参] congratulate（vt. 祝贺）
valuable adj. 值钱的，贵重的
[例] Real friendship is more valuable than money. 真正的友谊比金钱更宝贵。
grey adj. 灰色的；灰白的
[例] Although she was sixty, Mary didn't grow grey hair. 虽然玛丽60岁了，但是她没有长白发。
protect vt. 保护
[考] protect... from（doing） sth. 保护…免受…： Wear sunglasses to protect your eyes from sunlight. 戴上太阳镜，保护眼睛免受阳光的照射。
[参] protection（n. 保护）
literature n. 文学
[记] 词根记忆：liter（文字）+at+ure（名词后缀）→文学
[参] literary（adj. 文学的）
senior adj. 年长的，资深的；高年级的 n. 上级，长辈；高年级学生
[记] 词根记忆：sen（老的，年长的）+ior→年长的
[例] senior citizens 长者 // senior lecturers 高级讲师
busy adj. 忙碌的
[考] 1. be busy with... 忙于… 2. be busy（in） doing... 忙于做…
different adj. 不同的，有差异的
[考] be different from sth. 与某事不同： Allow children the space to voice their opinions, even if they are different from your own. 允许孩子表达自己的观点，即使他们的观点与你的不同。
[参] differently（adv. 不同地）
citizen n. 公民，市民
[记] 词根记忆：citi（看作city, 城市） +zen（表人） →市民，公民
[例] an American citizen 一个美国公民
seize v. 抓住（时机等）
[例] He seized the boy's arm. 他抓住了那个男孩的手臂。
occur vi. 发生，出现
[记] 词根记忆：oc（表加强）+cur（跑；发生） →发生，出现；同根词还有：current（adj. 当前的）
[例] What you said will never occur. 你说的永远也不会发生。
[考] occur to sb. 某人想到： A new idea occurred to him. 他想到了一个新主意。
[参] occurrence（n. 发生，出现）
waste vt. 浪费 n. 废弃物；粪便
[用] 1. waste + time/money + on...（doing...） 浪费时间（金钱） 于…（做…） ： Don't waste your money on silly things. 不要把钱浪费在无聊的东西上。2. It is a waste of time to do... 做…纯属浪费时间： It is a waste of time to wait for him here. 在这里等他纯属浪费时间。
shot n. 射击，开枪，开炮，射击声；子弹；拍摄
[记] 联想记忆： 短（short）距离的射击（shot）很容易击中目标
[例] It's reported that the police fired a warning shot at the Red Shirt Army. 据报道，警方向红衫军鸣枪示警。
[参] shoot（v. 射击）
单元自测题
1. If a person has not had enough sleep, his actions will give him ______ during the day.（2008江西）
A. away B. up C. in D. back
2. These trees can't be grown in such a cold ______ as ours.
A. weather B. climate C. season D. space
3. — I've at last passed the driving test!
— ______!
A. Cheers B. Good luck C. Come on D. Congratulations
4. — Look! He's running so fast!
— Hard to ______ his legs were once broken.（2007浙江）
A. know B. imagine C. realize D. find
5. Not once ______ to Michael that he could one day become a top student in his class.（2013湖南）
A. occurred it B. it did occur
C. it occurred D. did it occur
6. — He says that my new car is a ______ of money.
— Don't you think those words are just sour grapes?（2009山东）
A. lack B. load C. question D. waste
7. The news that Lindbergh intended to fly the Atlantic alone was ______ with disbelief.
A. received B. accepted C. taken D. met
8. My parents always ______ great importance to my getting a good education.（2014天津）
A. have B. attach C. accept D. pay
9. Jack's younger sister is three years ______ to him.
A. junior B. prior C. senior D. later
10. He is out of work now but he gets a good ______ from his investment.
A. wage B. salary C. earning D. income
11. I bought a shirt because it was good in quality and ______ in price.
A. reasonable B. valuable C. comfortable D. enjoyable
12. Two lawyers have donated $50，000 to ______ our school's campaign“Help the Needy”，which was started by our former headmaster three years ago.（2012湖北）
A. sponsor B. launch C. organize D. plan
13. — Why do you choose to work in an international travel agency?
— Well, you know, English is my ______ . So it is my best choice.（2012福建）
A. strength B. talent C. ability D. skill
14. Schools across China are expected to hire 50，000 college graduates this year as short⁃term teachers, almost three times the number hired last year, ______ reduce unemployment pressures.（2009江苏）
A. help B. to have helped C. to help D. having helped
15. When Jane began to take swimming lessons, her main ______ was the fear of water.（2006上海）
A. evidence B. crisis C. obstacle D. danger
答案：ABDBD DCBAD AAACC