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screen n. 幕，荧光屏
[例] TV screen 电视荧屏
pay v.（paid, paid, paying） 付钱，给…报酬 n. 工资
[例] People in Sweden pay taxes on everything. 在瑞典，人们做任何事情都要上税。// I paid 10 yuan for the book. 我买这本书花了十元钱。// pay the bill 埋单
[考] 1. pay for 付款；偿还 2. pay back 偿还（借款）；报复 3. pay up 全部付清 4. pay attention to 注意 5. pay a visit 访问
[参] payable（adj. 可付的，应付的）；payment（n. 付款；支付；报答；报偿）；repay（v. 偿还；报答）
goal n. 目标；进球得分；（足球） 球门
[例] He kicked the ball straight into the goal. 他直接把球踢入了球门。
[考] achieve one's goal 实现某人的目标： She wants to achieve her goal at all costs. 为了达到目的她不惜一切代价。
consider vt. 考虑；认为
[用] 1. consider doing sth. 考虑做某事： Have you considered going abroad? 你考虑过出国吗？2. consider sb./sth.（as）+n. 认为某人/某物是…： We consider him our top problem solver. 我们认为他是顶级问题解决专家。3. consider sb./sth.（to be）+n./adj. 认为某人/某物是…： This TV contest programme is considered the most successful one this summer. 这个电视竞赛节目被认为是这个夏天最成功的节目。
[参] consideration（n. 考虑；关心）
simple adj. 简单的，简易的
[记] 联想记忆： 做个样本（sample）实验，是很简单（simple）的事
[例] The question is so simple that everyone can answer it. 这个问题很简单，每个人都能回答出来。
select vt. 选择，挑选，选拔 a. 精选的
[记] 词根记忆：se（分开）+lect（选）→分开来选→选择，挑选
[例] Our shops only select the product of the best quality. 我们商店只选质量最好的产品。
[参] selection（n. 选择）
only adj. 唯一的，仅有的 adv. 只，仅仅
[用] 1. only + to do 想不到；结果只是（表示紧跟着上文动作的出人意料或不幸的结果） ： The news reporters hurried to the airport, only to be told the film stars had left. 记者匆忙赶到机场，却被告知影星们已经离开了。2. only修饰的状语或状语从句放在句首时，句子要采用部分倒装，如： Only then did I understand what she meant. 直到那时我才明白她的意思。// Only when the war was over was he able to go back home. 直到战争结束后，他才得以重返家乡。注意： 如果only修饰的是主语，句子不要倒装，如： Only he has been friendly. 只有他是友好的。
[例] I am an only child. 我是独生子。// She's only 15 and she becomes a famous movie star. 她只有15岁就成了著名影星。
[考] 1. not only... but（also）... 不但…而且… 2. if only 但愿，要是…就好了（需用虚拟语气）
drive v. 驾驶，开（车）；驱赶
[例] You must not drive after drinking. 酒后禁止驾车。
basement n. 地下室
[例] We stored all our old things in the basement. 我们把所有的旧物都存放在地下室里。
identity n. 身份；一致
[记] 词根记忆：ident（相同）+ity→一致
[例] Only when your identity has been checked, will you be allowed in. 核实身份后你才可以进入。// identity card 身份证
hammer n. 锤子，锣锤 v. 敲，锤击
[例] It is easy to do the repair. All you need is a hammer and some nails. 把它修好很容易。你只需要一把锤子和一些钉子。// She hammered on the door with her hands. 她用手锤打着门。
throw v.（threw, thrown, throwing） 投，掷，扔
[记] 联想记忆： 无心扔（throw）瓜子，长出（grow）西瓜来
[例] She told her naughty son not to throw stones at the window. 她告诉淘气的儿子不要往窗户上扔石子。
[考] 1. throw away 扔掉，丢弃 2. throw up 呕吐
辨：throw... at... ，throw... to...
throw... at... 把…扔向…，目的是打中，常带有攻击性，例如： The kids were throwing stones at a row of bottles. 孩子们向一排瓶子扔石子。throw... to... 把…扔给…，目的是让对方接住，如： She threw the ball to him. 她把球扔给他。
embarrass vt. 使困窘，使局促不安
[记] 词根记忆：em（进入）+barrass（阻碍）→想进入却受到阻碍→使困窘
[参] embarrassing（adj. 令人尴尬的）；embarrassed（adj. 尴尬的）
bite v.（bit, bitten, biting） 咬，叮 n. 咬；一口
[例] Their dog bit a hole in my trousers.他们的狗把我的裤子咬了一个窟窿。// He ate the bread at one bite. 他一口吃掉了那块面包。
energy n. 精力；能量
[记] 词根记忆：en+erg（活动，能量）+y→精力；能量
[例] energy sources 能源 // energy conservation 节能
festival n. 节日
[例] the Spring Festival 春节
expect v. 预料；期望；要求
[用] 1. expect sb. to do sth. 期望或要求某人做某事： While you live in this house, I expect you to follow my rules. 你在这儿住时，希望你遵守我的规定。 2. be expected to do/be... 预计…；按要求： The movie is expected to be very popular. 这部电影预计会非常火爆。
[参] unexpected（adj. 意外的，想不到的）；expectedly（adv. 预料之中地）；unexpectedly（adv. 出乎意料地）；expectation（n. 预料；期望）
camp n./vi. 野营，宿营
[例] summer camp 夏令营
[考] go camping 去宿营，去露营
[参] campsite（n. 宿营地）；campfire（n. 营火）
analysis n. 分析；解析
[记] 词根记忆：ana（分开）+lysis（松开）→把复杂的事物分解成简单的→分析；解析
[例] The boss was pleased with John's analysis of the current economic situation. 老板很满意约翰对当前经济形势的分析。
[参] analyse（v. 分析；研究）；analyst（n. 分析者；化验员）
evident adj. 明显的，显然的
[记] 词根记忆：e+vid（看见）+ent（…的）→容易被看见的→明显的
[例] It is evident that you are not telling me the truth. 很明显，你没和我说实话。
smoke n. 烟 v. 冒烟；吸烟
[记] 联想记忆： 吸烟（smoke）有害，绝非玩笑（joke）
[例] The“No Smoking” sign in the room means that smokers must go outside for a smoke. 房间中的禁止吸烟标志表明吸烟者要去外面吸烟。
deaf adj. 聋的
[例] a deaf⁃and⁃dumb man 聋哑人
[参] blind（adj. 瞎的）；lame（adj. 瘸的）；dumb（adj. 哑的）
dial v. 拨（电话号码）
[例] I dialed several times, but I got a busy signal each time. 我拨了好几次电话，但每次都是忙音。
repeat vt. 重说，重做；重复
[用] repeat本身就是“重复”的意思，因此不能与again连用，如果要表达“重复三次”可以用repeat three times。
[例] Mary asked the man to repeat because she did not hear him clearly. 玛丽让那个男人再重复一遍，因为她没听清楚。
plenty n. 充足，大量，丰富
[用] plenty跟名词结合必须加of, 表示“大量的，充足的”，既可以修饰可数名词，也可以修饰不可数名词，谓语动词的数由plenty of后面的名词决定。
[例] Now, there is plenty of food and water for people who suffer from flood. 现在，遭受洪灾的人有充足的食物和水。
[参] plentiful（adj. 许多的，大量的）
humorous adj. 幽默的
[例] The group of young students were creative, energetic, and humorous. 这群年轻的学生富有创造力、 精力充沛而且很幽默。
geography n. 地理学
[例] a geography textbook 地理课本
correction n. 改正
[记] 词根记忆：correct（改正）+ion（名词后缀）→改正
[例] corrections of the errors 改错
bare vt. 使赤裸；露出 adj. 赤裸的
[例] The dog bared its teeth and growled. 那条狗龇着牙咆哮着。
action n. 行动
[记] 词根记忆：act（行动）+ion（名词后缀）→行动
[考] take action（against...） 采取行动（对抗…）： Immediate action should be taken to stop the spreading of the fire. 必须采取紧急措施阻止火势蔓延。
laugh n. 笑，大笑，笑声；嘲笑 vi. 笑，大笑
[记] 联想记忆： 网络聊天用语lol（laugh out loudly）是“放声大笑”的意思
[例] It's impolite for students to laugh at their poor classmates. 学生们嘲笑贫困的同学是不礼貌的。
[考] laugh at 嘲笑
request n./vt. 要求，请求
[记] 词根记忆：re（一再）+quest（要求）→要求，请求
[例] These materials are in great request. 对这些材料的需求量很大。// Visitors are requested not to touch the exhibits. 游客们被要求不要触摸展览品。
cause n. 原因，起因 vt. 促使，引起
[记] 和because（conj./adv. 因为） 一起记
[例] The public have known a great deal about the causes of heart disease. 人们对于导致心脏病的原因已颇为了解。// This disease may cause memory loss. 这种病可能会导致记忆丧失。
destroy v. 破坏，毁坏
[例] destroy forests 破坏森林 // destroy trust 破坏信任
forward adj. 早的；前进的 adv. 向前，前进
[例] They moved the meeting forward from the 20th to the 18th. 他们把会议日期从20号提前到了18号。
[考] 1. look forward to（+n. / doing） 盼望，期待： We are all looking forward to our holiday. 我们都盼着假期（的到来） 。2. put forward 提出
distinction n. 区别；差别
[例] class distinctions 等级差别 // social distinctions 社会差别
limit vt. 限制，限定；减少
[记] 词根记忆：lim（限制）+it→限制，限定
[例] My mother limits the amount of food that I eat. 我母亲会限制我的饭量。
expand vt. 扩张 vi. 发展
[记] 词根记忆：ex（向外）+pand（分散）→向外分散→扩张
[例] expand markets 拓展市场 // Metals expand when they are heated. 金属遇热膨胀。
custom n. 习惯，习俗
[例] Eating roast turkey is a Thanksgiving custom. 感恩节吃烤火鸡是一种习俗。
单元自测题
1. We all know that ______ speak louder than words.
A. movement
B. performances
C. operations
D. actions
2. ______ twice, the postman refused to deliver our letters unless we chained our dog.（2009北京）
A. Being bitten
B. Bitten
C. Having bitten
D. To be bitten
3. It rained heavily in the south, ______ serious flooding in several provinces.（2010天津）
A. caused
B. having caused
C. causing
D. to cause
4. Listen! Do you hear someone ______ for help?（2010湖南）
A. calling
B. call
C. to call
D. called
5. It is the ______ in China to eat dumplings during the Spring Festival.
A. habit
B. rule
C. requirement
D. custom
6. ______ by a greater demand of vegetables, farmers have built more greenhouses.（2007浙江）
A. Driven
B. Being driven
C. To drive
D. Having driven
7. The computer was used in teaching. As a result, not only ______，but students became more interested in the lessons.（2009全国1卷）
A. saved was teachers' energy
B. was teachers' energy saved
C. teachers' energy was saved
D. was saved teachers' energy
8. You've failed to do what you ______ to and I'm afraid the teacher will blame you.（2010四川）
A. will expect
B. will be expected
C. expected
D. were expected
9. We always keep ______ spare paper, in case we run out.（2006浙江）
A. too much
B. a number of
C. plenty of
D. a good many
10. During the next ten years we both worked day and night to ______ the money we had borrowed.
A. pay off
B. pay for
C. pay to
D. pay back
11. Duty is an act or a course of action that people ______ you to take by social customs, law or religion.（2010湖北）
A. persuade
B. request
C. instruct
D. expect
12. ______ by keeping down costs will Power Data hold its advantage over other companies.（2006浙江）
A. Only
B. Just
C. Still
D. Yet
13. ______ their hats into the air, the fans of the winning team let out loud shouts of victory.（2008天津）
A. To throw B. Thrown C. Throwing D. Being thrown
14. The loss has not yet been ______ accurately, but it is believed to be well beyond a hundred million dollars.（2009湖北）
A. calculated
B. considered
C. completed
D. controlled
15. — Can you read the sign, sir? No smoking allowed in the lift!
— ______.（2007全国1卷）
A. Never mind
B. Don't mention it
C. Sure, I don't smoke
D. Pardon me
答案：DBCAD ABDCD BACAD