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1
Professor
Sure,John.What did you wanna talk about?
Student
Well,I have some quick questions about how to write up the research project I did this semester——about climate variations.
Why does the man go to see his professor?
（A）To borrow ① some charts and graphs ② from her
（B）To ask her to explain some statistical procedures
（C）To talk about a report he is writing
（D）To discuss a grade he got on a paper
选项（A）， ① 对话中未提到过任何关于“borrow…”的信息，故此选项错误。 ② “charts and graphs”都是细节信息，不能成为主旨题的正确选项。
选项（B）中的“statistical procedures”这个概念对话中并未提及。对话中提到的是“statistical tests”，且属于细节信息，故不是正确答案。
选项（D）中的“grade”是对话中未提及的内容，一定错误。
听力技巧： 在听力部分，ETS经常用原文中并未出现的一些信息作为题目的迷惑选项，此类选项必错。该类选项中未被提及的内容在以下题目中均已用删除线标明，以后不再重复说明。
2
Professor
You know,you have to remember now that you're the expert on what you’ve done.So,think about what you'd need to include if you were going to explain your research project to someone with general or casual knowledge about the subject,like…like your parents.That's usually my rule of thumb:would my parents understand this?
Student
OK.I get it.
Professor
I hope you can recognize by my saying that how much you do know about the subject.
Listen again to part of the conversation.
Then answer the question.
Why does the professor say this?
（A）To question the length of the paper
（B）To offer encouragement
（C）To dispute the data sources
（D）To explain a theory
由“You know,you have to remember now that you're the expert on what you’ve done.So,…”这两句话我们可以知道，教授所要强调的是学生要有信心，把自己当做该课题的研究专家，然后考虑报告里到底还应该加一些什么内容。因此，在教授说“I hope you can recognize by my saying that how much you do know about the subject”这句话时，仍然是要强调她所表达的中心意思。只有选项（B）的内容与此相关，故正确。
（A）（D）两选项中删除线所标内容在对话中完全未提及，故教授说话的目的不可能与这两项的内容相关。选项（C）中的data sources是对话中间部分提及的内容，而本题考点出现在前半部分，此内容位置与考点位置不对应，因此不能成为本题的正确答案。
3
Student
Right.I understand.I was wondering if I should also include the notes from the research journal you suggested I keep?
Professor
Yes,definitely.You should use them to indicate what your evolution in thought was through time.So,just set up,you know,what was the purpose of what you were doing——to try to understand the climate variability of this area——and what you did,and what your approach was.
Student
OK.So,for example,I studied meteorological records;I looked at climate charts;I used different methods for analyzing the data,like certain statistical tests;and then I discuss the results.Is that what you mean?
Professor
Yes,that's right.You should include all of that.The statistical tests are especially important.And also be sure you include a good reference section where all your published and unpublished data came from,'cause you have a lot of unpublished climate data.
What information will the man include in his report?
Climate charts （include）
Interviews with meteorologists（not include）
Journal notes （include）
Statistical tests （include）
本题是对细节信息的考查。
4
Student
Hmm…something justcame into my mind and went out the other side.（=forgetful）
Professor
That happens to me a lot,so I’ve come up with a pretty good memory management tool.I carry a little pad with me all the time and jot down questions or ideas that I don't want to forget.For example,I went to the doctor with my daughter and her baby son last week,and we knew we wouldn't remember everything we wanted to ask the doctor,so we actually made a list of five things we wanted answers to.
Why does the professor tell the man about the appointment at the doctor's office?
（A）To demonstrate a way of remembering things
（B）To explain why she needs to leave soon
（C）To illustrate a point that appears in his report
（D）To emphasize the importance of good health
首先请注意一个表达：Something just came into my mind and went out the other side=forgetful。学生说“我总是记不住事情”，对此教授解释道“这种事也经常发生在我身上，所以我想出一个非常好的记忆管理方法。我总是带一个小便签本，把我不想忘的问题和想法随手写下来。比如说，上次我陪我的女儿和她的小孩去看医生……”因此，教授提到去看医生的目的是为了说明一种防止忘记事情的方法，即把事情写在便签本上。选项（A）正确。
5
Student
Yes.It ends up that I have data on more than just the immediate Grant City area,so I also included some regional data in the report.With everything else it should be a pretty good indicator of the climate in this part of the state.
Professor
Sounds good.I'd be happy to look over a draft version before you hand in the final copy,if you wish.
Student
Great.I'll plan to get you a draft of the paper by next Friday.Thanks very much.
What does the professor offer to do for the man?
（A）Help him collect more data in other areas of the state
（B）Submit his research findings for publication
（C）Give him the doctor's telephone number
（D）Review the first version of his report
请注意两组同义表达：look over=review;draft version=first version
1.Uh,excuse me,Professor Thompson.I know your office hours are tomorrow,but I was wondering if you had a few minutes free now to discuss something.
★But之后的内容往往是考点。
★I was wondering if之后的内容要注意听，往往是考点。
2.Sure,John.What did you wanna talk about?
这种疑问句后的内容要注意听。原文中对这个疑问句的回答是第一题的正确答案。
3.Yes,that's right.You should include all of that.The statistical tests are especially important.
★“You should…”是一种典型的建议句型。建议句型在听力中出现时，往往成为考点。
常考到的建议句型还有：
Have you done…?
You might （also）…
If I were you （in your shoes）,I would…
It doesn't hurt if you do…
Why not do…?
★“…are especially important.”这种句子一定要听清楚，它本身就在强调这个内容是重要的，必为考点。
4.I'd be happy to look over a draft version before you hand in the final copy,if you wish.
在这种句型中，“if you wish”之前的内容经常成为考点。
1
OK.Another ancient Greek philosopher we need to discuss is Aristotle——Aristotle's ethical theory.What Aristotle's ethical theory is all about is this:he's trying to show you how to be happy——what true happiness is.
Now,Why is he interested in human happiness?It's not just because it's something that all people want or aim for.It's more than that.But to get there,we need to first make a very important distinction.Let me introduce a couple of technical terms:extrinsic value and intrinsic value.
What is the main purpose of the lecture?
（A）To illustrate the importance of extrinsic values
（B）To explain Aristotle's views about the importance of teaching
（C）To explain why people change what they value
（D）To discuss Aristotle's views about human happiness
教授先讲extrinsic value 和intrinsic value的区别，目的是为了解释之后的主题happiness。整个讲座都是围绕着happiness这个主题进行的，故本题答案为选项（D）。
选项（A）…extrinsic values和选项（B）…teaching均为讲座中的细节信息，不可以成为主旨题的正确答案。
2
Exercise.There may be some people who value exercise for itself,but I don't.I value exercise because if I exercise,I tend to stay healthier than I would if I didn't.So I desire to engage in exercise,and I value exercise extrinsically…not for its own sake,but as a means to something beyond it.It brings me good health.
Health.Why do I value good health?Well,here it gets a little more complicated for me.Um,health is important for me because I can't…do other things I wanna do——play music,teach philosophy——if I'm ill.So health is important to me——has value to me——as a means to a productive life.But health is also important to me because I just kind of like to be healthy——it feels good.It's pleasant to be healthy,unpleasant not to be.So to some degree I value health both for itself and as a means to something else:productivity.It's got extrinsic and intrinsic value for me.
Then there's some things that are just valued for themselves.I'm a musician,not a professional musician;I just play a musical instrument for fun.Why do I value playing music?Well,like most amateur musicians,I only play because,well,I just enjoy it.It's something that's an end in itself.
Now,something else I value is teaching.Why?Well,it brings in a modest income,but I could make more money doing other things.I'd do it even if they didn't pay me.I just enjoy teaching.In that sense it's an end to itself.
But teaching's not something that has intrinsic value for all people——and that's true generally…（Teaching →Intrinsic）
The professor gives examples of things that have value for her.Indicate for each example what type of value it has for her.
Teaching （Intrinsic）
Exercise （Extrinsic）
Health （Both Extrinsic and Intrinsic）
Playing a musical instrument （Intrinsic）
在做本题时，除了以上被标明的几句话之外，大家应该注意一些核心意思在讲座中的重复，与itself alone，for its own sake意思相关的全属于intrinsic value；与not for itself，as a means to something else意思相关的全属于extrinsic value。
3
So how does all this relate to human happiness?Well,Aristotle asks:is there something that all human beings value…and value only intrinsically,for its own sake and only for its own sake?If you could find such a thing,that would be the universal final good,or truly the ultimate purpose or goal for all human beings.Aristotle thought the answer was yes.What is it?Happiness.Everyone will agree,he argues,that happiness is the ultimate end to be valued for itself and really only for itself.For what other purpose is there in being happy?What does it yield?The attainment of happiness becomes the ultimate or highest good for Aristotle.
Why is happiness central to Aristotle's theory?
（A）Because it is so difficult for people to attain
（B）Because it is valued for its own sake by all people
（C）Because it is a means to a productive life
（D）Because most people agree about what happiness is
教授讲extrinsic value 和intrinsic value的区别是为了引出人们只用intrinsic value衡量的事物——happiness。所以此题选（B）。
选项（A）的内容在讲座中未提及。选项（C）中的productive life确实曾被提及，不过是在衡量health时提到的，出现在本题考点内容之前，与本题考点位置不对应。选项（D）完全错误，教授在提到what is happiness这个话题时指明了people disagree。
4
And,second,true happiness should be something that I can obtain on my own.I shouldn't have to rely on other people for it.Many people value fame and seek fame.Fame for them becomes the goal.But,according to Aristotle,this won't work either,because fame depends altogether too much on other people.I can't get it on my own,without help from other people.
According to the professor,why does Aristotle think that fame cannot provide true happiness?
（A）Fame cannot be obtained without help from other people.
（B）Fame cannot be obtained by all people.
（C）Fame does not last forever.
（D）People cannot share their fame with other people.
此题答案在讲座中已经明确给出。正确答案为选项（A）。
5
Listen again to part of the lecture.
Then answer the question.
Now,something else I value is teaching.Why?Well,it brings in a modest income,but I could make more money doing other things.
What does the professor mean when she says this?
（A）Teaching is not a highly valued profession in society.
（B）She may change professions in order to earn more money.
（C）The reason she is a teacher has little to do with her salary.
（D）More people would become teachers if the salary were higher.
教授在讲她自己喜欢教学，她value teaching intrinsically，即：对教学的评价不受其他因素的影响。并且，教授说“虽然教学能给我带来不错的收入，但如果我做其他的工作，可以赚更多的钱”。这表明收入并不是她喜欢教学的原因。选项（C）指明了这一点，故正确。
1.Another ancient Greek philosopher we need to discuss is Aristotle——Aristotle's ethical theory.What Aristotle's ethical theory is all about is this:he's trying to show you how to be happy——what true happiness is.
“Another…we need to discuss is…”这是引出文章主旨的一种表达方法，常常用来回答主旨题。
2.Why is he interested in human happiness?It's not just because…
“It's not just because…”这句话中有明确的否定词，不用仔细听，但需要注意听它的真正原因是什么，即“it is because…”。一般情况下，听力中有明确否定词的地方，一般不会成为考点，不用认真听。但要注意与之相对应的肯定句所在的地方。此外，若听力中出现neither,hardly,doubt这类词时，要注意这些词所在的句子，它们虽然是肯定的形式，但实际上却表示否定，如“I could hardly wait”表达的意义是“我等不及了”。这些词所在的句子往往成为考点。
3.Let me introduce a couple of technical terms:extrinsic value and intrinsic value.
“Let me…”引导的内容需要认真听，它是说话者所要强调的内容，容易成为考点。
4.Why do I value playing music?Well,like most amateur musicians,I only play because,well,I just enjoy it.It's something that's an end in itself.
这是一个自问自答式的表达，往往有考点出现。听清问题后，只需要听出主要答案，对于答案的具体解释稍加注意即可，因为考点通常是这个主要答案，并不是对它的具体解释。题目中，教授的提问会成为最终的问题，而这个主要答案就是这道题的正确选项。
1
What is the professor mainly discussing?
（A）The development of motor skills in children
（B）How psychologists measure muscle activity in the throat
（C）A theory about the relationship between muscle activity and thinking
（D）A study on deaf people's problem-solving techniques
“Thinking can be measured as muscle activity”这个观点在讲座中被反复提及，故本主旨题的正确选项为（C）。
选项（A）中motor skill是讲座中从未提及的内容，必错。选项（B）中muscle activity in the throat和选项（D）中deaf people都是细节信息，不能成为主旨题的正确答案。
听力技巧： 若在整篇文章中被反复提及的内容在主旨题的选项中出现，则该选项为正确答案。
2
Watson thought laryngeal habits——you know,from larynx;in other words,related to the voice box——he thought those habits were an expression of thinking.
Listen again to part of the lecture.
Then answer the question.
Why does the professor say this?
（A）To give an example of a laryngeal habit
（B）To explain the meaning of a term
（C）To explain why he is discussing laryn-geal habits
（D）To remind students of a point he had discussed previously
“…in other words…”这个表达表明教授一定是要解释刚刚提到的术语或问题。考生必须熟记。与此功能相似的表达还有I mean…，that is （to say）…，Let's put it this way…等。在讲座中，教授提到了“laryngeal habits”这个术语，这句话的出现表明教授接下来要解释这个术语，故选项（B）正确。
若出现“Oh,no.Wait a minute…”这种表达则表明说话者说错了话，他/她要更正这个错误。若出现“Tell me about it”或“You can say that again”这种表达则表明说话者同意前一个说话人的观点。
3
Student
Professor Blake,um,did he happen to look at people who sign?I mean deaf people?
Professor
Uh,he did indeed,um,and to jump ahead,what one finds in deaf individuals who use sign language when they're given problems of various kinds,they have muscular changes in their hands when they are trying to solve a problem…muscle changes in the hand,just like the muscular changes going on in the throat region for speaking individuals.
What does the professor say about people who use sign language?
（A）It is not possible to study their thinking habits.
（B）They exhibit laryngeal habits.
（C）The muscles in their hands move when they solve problems.
（D）They do not exhibit ideomotor action.
本题是对细节信息的考查，选项（C）与原文意思完全对应，故正确。注意本题出题点的设置，位于讲座中“问题——回答”的地方，即有问有答之处。上文讲过，这种位置经常是考点。
选项（D）中的ideomotor action是在此内容之后提到的，出现在本题考点位置之后，与本题考点位置不对应，故错误。
4
Ideomotor action is an activity that occurs without our noticing it,without our being aware of it.I'll give you one simple example.If you think of locations,there tends to be eye movement that occurs with your thinking about that location.In particular,from where we're sitting,imagine that you're asked to think of our university library.Well,if you close your eyes and think of the library,and if you're sitting directly facing me,then according to this notion,your eyeballs will move slightly to the left,to your left,’cause the library's in that general direction.
What point does the professor make when he refers to the university library?
（A）A study on problem solving took place there.
（B）Students should go there to read more about behaviorism.
（C）Students’eyes will turn toward it if they think about it.
（D）He learned about William James's concept of thinking there.
教授提到图书馆这个例子就是为了说明“If you think of locations,there tends to be eye movement that occurs with your thinking about that location”（如果你在想某个地方，你的眼球就会转向那个方位）这句话。所以当学生们想着图书馆时，他们的眼球会转向图书馆的方向。故选项（C）正确。
5
Ideomotor action is an activity that occurs without our noticing it,without our being aware of it.I'll give you one simple example.If you think of locations,there tends to be eye movement that occurs with your thinking about that location.In particular,from where we're sitting,imagine that you're asked to think of our university library.Well,if you close your eyes and think of the library,and if you're sitting directly facing me,then according to this notion,your eyeballs will move slightly to the left,to your left,’cause the library's in that general direction.
James and others said that this is an idea leading to a motor action,and that's why it's called“ideomotor action”——an idea leads to motor activity.If you wish to impress your friends and relatives,you can change this simple process into a magic trick.Ask people to do something such as I’ve just described:think of something on their left;think of something on their right.You get them to think about two things on either side with their eyes closed,and you watch their eyes very carefully.And if you do that,you'll discover that you can see rather clearly the eye movement——that is,you can see the movement of the eyeballs.Now,then you say,“Think of either one and I'll tell which you're thinking of.”
The professor describes a magic trick to the class.What does the magic trick demonstrate?
（A）An action people make that they are not aware of
（B）That behaviorists are not really scientists
（C）How psychologists study children
（D）A method for remembering locations
教授用两个例子（例1：当学生们想到图书馆时，他们的眼球会不自觉地转向图书馆的方向。例2：学生们可以去给别人变一个小魔术magic trick）支持同一个观点“Ideomotor action is an activity that occurs without our noticing it,without our being aware of it.”只有选项（A）指出了这个例子要说明的问题。
6
OK.Well,Watson makes the assumption that muscular activity is equivalent to thinking.But given everything we've been talking about here,one has to ask:are there alternatives to this motor theory——this claim that muscular activities are equivalent to thinking?Is there anything else that might account for this change in muscular activity,other than saying that it is thinking?And the answer is clearly yes.Is there any way to answer the question definitively?I think the answer is no.
What is the professor's opinion of the motor theory of thinking?
（A）Most of the evidence he has collected contradicts it.
（B）It explains adult behavior better than it explains child behavior.
（C）It is the most valid theory of thinking at the present time.
（D）It cannot be completely proved or disproved.
教授表明存在能够解释这个问题的其他理论，但却没有一个完全可以确定的理论，也就是说motor theory of thinking不能完全被证明是正确的或是错误的，即选项（D）。
1.That is,if you put electrodes on the throat and measure muscle potential——muscle activity——you discover that when people are thinking,like if they're diligently trying to solve a problem,that there is muscular activity in the throat region.
“That is”之后的内容要注意听，它是对前句话的解释，经常成为考点。
2.Student
Professor Blake,um,did he happen to look at people who sign?I mean deaf people?
Professor
Uh,he did indeed,um,and to jump ahead,what one finds in deaf individuals who use sign language when they're given problems of various kinds,they have muscular changes in their hands when they are trying to solve a problem…muscle changes in the hand,just like the muscular changes going on in the throat region for speaking individuals.
学生提问教授回答，或者是教授自问自答的这两种“问题——回答”模式经常成为考点。大家在听录音时，一定要注意位于这种位置的内容。
3.Ideomotor action is an activity that occurs without our noticing it,without our being aware of it.I'll give you one simple example.
“Ideomotor action is…”这种表达通常是要下定义，而定义的出现是为了解释一个新的概念。考生若在听力考试时遇到下定义的句型，只需要知道新的概念大约表达了一个什么意思即可。但在本文中，“I'll give you one simple example”表示教授还要就这个概念举例，说明这个概念在文章中很重要。此时，考生就必须对这个概念所要表达的内容有清晰的记忆，它常常会成为考点。
4.Are there alternatives to this motor theory——this claim that muscular activities are equivalent to thinking?Is there anything else that might account for this change in muscular activity,other than saying that it is thinking?And the answer is clearly yes.Is there any way to answer the question definitively?I think the answer is no.
这组句子很有代表性，经常在听力中出现。它所要表达的整体意思是“对某个问题目前还没有定论，还在讨论之中”。当考到对这类句子意思的理解时，直接选表达这个意思的选项即可。
（注：本篇文章出题较乱，不符合正常的出题思路，没有太大参考价值。）
1
Um,it isn't really a scientific law,not in the sense of predicting gravitation mathematically or something,but it's attempting a pattern in the spacing of the planets,and it was noticed by Bode hundreds of years ago.Well,you can imagine that there was some interest in why the 2.8spot in the pattern was skipped,and um…but there wasn't anything obvious there,in the early telescopes.Then what happened in the late 1700s?The discovery of…?
What is Bode's Law?
（A）A law of gravitation
（B）An estimate of the distance between Mars and Jupiter
（C）A prediction of how many asteroids there are
（D）A pattern in the spacing of the planets
注意听but之后的内容，往往是考点。本题中选项（D）与讲座内容完全一致。
2
Professor
OK.Let's get going.Today I'm going to talk about how the asteroid belt was discovered.And…I'm going to start by writing some numbers on the board.Here they are:We'll start with zero,then 3,…6,…12.Uh,tell me what I'm doing.
Why does the professor explain Bode's Law to the class?
（A）To describe the size of the asteroids
（B）To explain how the asteroid belt was discovered
（C）To explain how gravitational forces influence the planets
（D）To describe the impact of telescopes on astronomy
“Today I'm going to talk about”之后的内容是这个讲座的主旨，常成为考点。在这个讲座中，教授先是列出了几组数字，目的是为了引出Bode's Law，而讲Bode's Law的目的又是为了解释asteroid belt是如何被人们发现的。故本题选项（B）为正确答案。
3
We'll start with zero,then 3,…6,…12.
…
Right.I'm doubling the numbers,so 2times 12is 24,and the next one I'm going to write after 24would be…
…
48.Then 96.
…
Professor
Right.In astronomical units——not perfect,but tantalizingly close.The value for Mars is off by…6or 7percent or so.It's…but it's within 10percent of the average distance to Mars from the Sun.But I kind of have to skip the one after Mars for now.Then Jupiter's right there at 5-point something,and then Saturn is about 10astronomical units from the Sun.Um,well,this pattern is known as Bode's Law.
How does the professor introduce Bode's Law?
（A）By demonstrating how it is derived mathematically
（B）By describing the discovery of Uranus
（C）By drawing attention to the inaccuracy of a certain pattern
（D）By telling the names of several of the asteroids
在上题中刚刚解释过，教授列举几组数字的目的是为了介绍Bode's law，也就是通过数学演绎的方式引出Bode's law。故选项（A）正确。
4
Um,well,this pattern is known as Bode's Law.
Um,it isn't really a scientific law,not in the sense of predicting gravitation mathematically or something,but it's attempting a pattern in the spacing of the planets,and it was noticed by Bode hundreds of years ago.
Listen again to part of the lecture.
Then answer the question.
Why does the professor say this?
（A）To introduce an alternative application of Bode's Law
（B）To give an example of what Bode's Law cannot explain
（C）To describe the limitations of gravitational theory
（D）To contrast Bode's Law with a real scientific law
教授说这句话是为了表明Bode's Law不是scientific law。当讲“……不是……”时，是为了强调这两个事物之间的区别。注意在选项（D）中有contrast，与原文“…not…”相对应。contrast这个词用来比较两个事物之间的不同点，而compare这个词常用来比较两个事物之间的相同、相似之处。
5
And look,Uranus fits in the next spot in the pattern pretty nicely,um,not perfectly,but close.And so then people got really excited about the validity of this thing and finding the missing object between Mars and Jupiter.And telescopes,remember,were getting better.So people went to work on finding objects that would be at that missing distance from the Sun,and then in 1801,the object Ceres was discovered.
According to the professor,what two factors contributed to the discovery of the asteroid Ceres?
Choose 2answers.
（A）Improved telescopes
（B）Advances in mathematics
（C）The discovery of a new star
（D）The position of Uranus in a pattern
本题只是对细节信息的考查，注意出题点位置的设置规律，见后面本文“听力思路及考点总结”的第四点。
6
Well,you can imagine that there was some interest in why the 2.8spot in the pattern was skipped,and um…but there wasn't anything obvious there,in the early telescopes.Then what happened in the late 1700s?The discovery of…?
…
So people went to work on finding objects that would be at that missing distance from the Sun,and then in 1801,the object Ceres was discovered.
And Ceres was in the right place——the missing spot.Uh,but it was way too faint to be a planet.It looked like a little star.Uh,and because of its starlike appearance,um,it was called an“asteroid.”OK?Aster is Greek for“star,”as in astronomy.Um,and so,Ceres was the first and is the largest of what became many objects discovered at that same distance.Not just one thing,but all the objects found at that distance form the asteroid belt.
What does the professor imply about the asteroid belt?
（A）It is farther from the Sun than Uranus.
（B）Bode believed it was made up of small stars.
（C）It is located where people expected to find a planet.
（D）Ceres is the only one of the asteroids that can be seen without a telescope.
教授先提到2.8位置被跳过了，而在这个位置的前后都是planet，说明人们认为在2.8这个位置也应该存在一个planet。随后，他讲到了在1801年，人们在这个位置发现了Ceres。但Ceres太faint，不可以成为一个planet，就给它起名叫asteroid。后来又发现了很多这样的物质，形成了asteroid belt。这表明，在asteroid belt这个位置，人们曾经认为是应该有一颗planet的，即选项（C）正确。
1.Um,it isn't really a scientific law,not in the sense of predicting gravitation mathematically or something,but it's attempting a pattern in the spacing of the planets,and it was noticed by Bode hundreds of years ago.
“It isn't…”和“…not”部分的内容都没必要认真听，在这些有明确否定词出现的地方，一般不会是考点，但要注意听“but…”这部分肯定的内容。也就是说，否定性内容之后出现的肯定性内容往往会成为考点。
2.OK.Let's get going.Today I'm going to talk about…
“Today I'm going to talk about”之后的内容要注意听，它往往是这堂课的主旨内容，常成为考点。
3.Then what happened in the late 1700s?The discovery of…?
Female student
Another planet?
Professor
The next planet out,Uranus——after Saturn.
“The discovery of…?”这句话表明教授在向学生提示“Then what happened in the late 1700s?”这个问题的答案。这类考点经常在Listen Again题型中出现。
4.And telescopes,remember,were getting better.
“…,remember,…”这个地方一定要注意听，它本身就是在强调所讲的这句话。含有remember的句子，往往会成为考点。
1
What aspect of Manila hemp fibers does the professor mainly discribe in the lecture?
（A）Similarities between cotton fibers and Manila hemp fibers
（B）Various types of Manila hemp fibers
（C）The economic importance of Manila hemp fibers
（D）A use of Manila hemp fibers
本文先讲述了Manila hemp fibers的几个特征，接着解释它能在海上得到广泛应用的原因，最后又提到了如何把这种fiber做成绳子。只有选项（D）指明了讲座的主旨，即Manila hemp fibers的用途，故正确。
教授在开始的引言部分提到了cotton fibers，但并没有比较cotton fibers和Manila hemp fibers，没有比较就必然不会涉及两者的相似性（similarities），故选项（A）错误。（B）、（C）两选项删除线部分未被原文提及，不予考虑。
听力技巧： 教授说：“上次课我们曾经讲过A……，这次课我们接着来讲B……”此时，注意听B部分的内容就可以了。A部分内容只为引出主题，一般不会成为考点。
2
Hi,everyone.Good to see you all today.Actually,I expected the population to be a lot lower today.It typically runs between 50and 60percent on the day the research paper is due.Um,I was hoping to have your exams back today,but,uh,the situation was that I went away for the weekend,and I was supposed to get in yesterday at five,and I expected to fully complete all the exams by midnight or so,which is the time that I usually go to bed,but my flight was delayed,and I ended up not getting in until one o'clock in the morning.Anyway,I'll do my best to have them finished by the next time we meet.
Listen again to part of the lecture.
Then answer the question.
Why does the professor mention going away for the weekend?
（A）To tell the class a joke
（B）To apologize for not completing some work
（C）To introduce the topic of the lecture
（D）To encourage students to ask about her trip
教授解释道由于航班晚点，她的工作没有按原计划完成，但保证会在下次上课之前把试卷评完。说这些话的目的是向学生们解释未评完试卷的原因，并向大家道歉。选项（B）正确。
如果题目这样问：教授为什么会说“OK.In the last class,we started talking about useful fibers.In particular,we talked about cotton fibers,which we said were very useful,not only in the textile industry,but also in the chemical industry,and in the production of many products,such as plastics,paper,explosives,and so on.”，那么选项（C）可以成为正确答案，因为提到这句话是为了引出本次课的主题。选项（A）“为了给学生讲个笑话”，以及选项（D）“为了鼓励学生提一些关于她旅行的问题”完全与本题无关。
3
Now,for some strange reason,many people believe that Manila hemp is a hemp plant.But Manila hemp is not really hemp.It's actually a member of banana family——it even bears little banana-shaped fruits.The“Manila”part of the name makes sense,because Manila hemp is produced chiefly in the Philippine Islands and,of course,the capital city of the Philippines is Manila.
What does the professor imply about the name“Manila hemp”?
（A）It is a commercial brand name.
（B）Part of the name is inappropriate.
（C）The name has recently changed.
（D）The name was first used in the 1940s.
教授指出“Manila hemp”这个名称容易让人误解它是一种hemp，可它实际上是banana family的一个成员。而这个名称中的“Manila”部分是对的，因为它主要产于菲律宾，而菲律宾的首都是Manila。因此选项（B）正确，它指出了“Manila hemp”这个名称中的一部分（hemp）并不恰当。
4
Now,why was that?Well,the main reason was that steel cables degrade very,very quickly in contact with salt water.If you’ve ever been to San Francisco,you know that the Golden Gate Bridge is red.And it's red because of the zinc paint that goes on those stainless steel cables.That,if they start at one end of the bridge and they work to the other end,by the time they finish,it's already time to go back and start painting the beginning of the bridge again,because the bridge was built with steel cables,and steel cables can't take the salt air unless they're treated repeatedly with a zinc-based paint.
Why does the professor mention the Golden Gate Bridge?
（A）To demonstrate a disadvantage of steel cables
（B）To give an example of the creative use of color
（C）To show that steel cables are able to resist salt water
（D）To give an example of a use of Manila hemp
教授指出，尽管早在20世纪40年代steel cables就出现了，但大多数人仍然用Manila hemp ropes来泊船，原因是steel cables在含有盐分的海水里很容易被腐蚀。接着又用Golden Gate Bridge这个例子来说明steel cables容易被海水腐蚀这一事实。故选项（A）正确。
5
Now,as fibers go,Manila hemp fibers are very long.They can easily be several feet in length and they're also very strong,very flexible.They have one more characteristic that's very important,and that is that they are exceptionally resistant to salt water.And this combination of characteristics——long,strong,flexible,resistant to salt water——makes Manila hemp a great material for ropes,especially for ropes that are gonna be used on ocean-going ships.In fact,by the early 1940's,even though steel cables were available,most ships in the United States Navy were not moored with steel cables;they were moored with Manila hemp ropes.
According to the professor,what was the main reason that many ships used Manila hemp ropes instead of steel cables?
（A）Manila hemp was cheaper.
（B）Manila hemp was easier to produce.
（C）Manila hemp is more resistant to salt water.
（D）Manila hemp is lighter in weight.
本题正确答案为选项（C）。Manila hemp fibers的resistance to salt water这个特性被教授反复强调，这里在答案中出现，则必选。
听力技巧： 若听力材料中反复提及的某个内容在某个选项中出现，则该选项往往是正确答案。
6
OK.So how do you take plant fibers that individually you could break with your hands and turn them into a rope that's strong enough to moor a ship that weighs thousands of tons?Well,what you do is you extract these long fibers from the Manila hemp plant,and then you take several of these fibers,and you group them into a bundle,because by grouping the fibers you greatly increase their breaking strength——that bundle of fibers is much stronger than any of the individual fibers that compose it.And then you take that bundle of fibers and you twist it a little bit,because by twisting it,you increase its breaking strength even more.And then you take several of these little bundles,and you group and twist them into bigger bundles,which you then group and twist into even bigger bundles,and so on,until eventually,you end up with a very,very strong rope.
According to the lecture,what are two ways to increase the strength of rope made from Manila hemp fibers?
Choose 2answers.
（A）Coat the fibers with zinc-based paint
（B）Combine the fibers into bundles
（C）Soak bundles of fibers in salt water
（D）Twist bundles of fibers
本题只考查细节辨认能力。
1.In the last class,we talked about X…Today we'll continue talking about Y…
Y为考点。
2.Now,for some strange reason,many people believe…
这种表达暗示“大多数人认为的……”通常情况下都是错误的，不用认真听，但注意听它后面的正确观点，那才是真正的考点。
3.Now,as fibers go,Manila hemp fibers are very long…and they're also very strong,very flexible.
注意听very long,very strong,very flexible这几个词，它们都被重读，并且读音也被延长。这些都是在强调该内容的重要性，常常成为考点。
4.They have one more characteristic that's very important,and that is that they are exceptionally resistant to salt water.
在本句中，“one more…”说明教授在承接前文，并进一步补充一些内容。
听到这种表达时要注意：
（1）前文的要点是什么；
（2）进一步补充的这个要点又是什么。
这些内容往往成为考点。另外本句含有“…is very important”，考生必须注意，“…”这部分内容一定会成为最终的考点。
5.Now,why was that?Well,…
自问自答处，往往有考点出现，听出主要答案即可。
此表达形式也出现在讲座最后一部分中：OK.So how do you take plant fibers that individually you could break with your hands and turn them into a rope that's strong enough to moor a ship that weighs thousands of tons?Well,…
6.On the other hand,…
这个句型表达转折关系，注意听它后面的内容，该内容是说话者要强调的内容，通常会成为考点。