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八 结论

本文通过考虑相邻省份空间溢出性,以柯布-道格拉斯生产函数为基础模型,构建固定效应空间滞后模型,推导城市建设用地边际生产率的测算公式,以边际生产率为依据研究城市建设用地区域差别化配置。研究发现,一省份城市建设用地每增加1%,该省份自身产出将提高0.25%,而与其相邻的省份的产出将提高0.0125%。因此中央政府在配置各区域城市建设用地时,不仅应考虑城市建设用地对自身区域经济增长的影响,还应考虑其对相邻区域经济增长产生的作用。

2001~2011年,城市建设用地边际生产率较高区域主要集中在福建、江苏和天津等省份,较低区域主要集中在宁夏、海南和新疆等省份,而在东中西部,城市建设用地平均边际生产率依次递减。因此对于城市建设用地边际生产率较高区域,中央政府可以考虑优先配置城市建设用地,而对于城市建设用地边际生产率较低区域,则可以考虑减少城市建设用地配置,从而在城市建设用地有限的条件下,提高城市建设用地总产出,促进经济增长。同时,城市建设用地直接边际生产率要高于相邻区域的间接边际生产率,城市建设用地供给带来的自身产出要高于空间溢出性带来的产出,意味着各区域为促进自身经济的增长,有增加自身城市建设用地面积的需求。

中央政府在省级区域层面配置城市建设用地时,存在一定的政府失灵,但在东中西部这种大的区域层面上,表现得较为合理。在这期间,配置相对合理的省份只有江苏、浙江、重庆和广西;而城市建设用地供给增加过少的省份是福建、天津、北京、河北、陕西、湖南、吉林、山西、甘肃和青海;城市建设用地供给增加过多的省份是广东、山东、辽宁、上海、河南、湖北、内蒙古、四川、江西、云南、安徽、黑龙江、贵州、新疆、海南和宁夏。因此如果供给过多的省份减少城市建设用地供给,供给过少的省份增加城市建设用地供给,那么在一定程度上将会提高城市建设用地总产出。

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