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1．quality
n．［U,C］质，质量，品质；特性（既可用于描述物品，也用于描述人物）
［C］性质；特性；特点
Modesty is one of his good qualities．
谦虚是他的美德之一。
One quality of wood is that it can burn．
木料的一个特点是能燃烧。
常用结构：
high quality 优质
poor quality 劣质
average quality 一般的品质
Wine of high quality costs more than that of poor quality．
优质的葡萄酒比劣质的葡萄酒价格要高。
quality/quantity
quality 质，质量
quantity 数量；大量
For study, quality often matters more than quantity．
就学习而言，质量往往比数量更重要。
Quantities of food were on the table．桌上摆了大量食物。
There is a small quantity of water left in the bottle．
瓶子里还剩下少量的水。
完成句子
①他仔细检查家具的品质。
He examined carefully．
②他具备了一个成功商人应具有的所有品质。
He has of a successful businessman．
①the quality of the furniture
②all the qualities
2．devote
vt．献身；专心于
常用结构：
devote oneself/one’s energy/one’s time to（doing）sth．
奉献/精力/时间于某事
sb．be devoted to（doing）sth．某人献身做某事
He devoted all his life to China’s aviation．
他的一生都奉献给了中国的航空事业。
He’s devoted his whole life to the protection of the rare animals．他终生献身于保护珍稀动物。
He is devoted to helping the poor．他致力于帮助穷困的
类似于devote ．．．to ．．．的结构中to为介词的词组还有：
object to 反对 attend to 办理；照顾；注意听
look forward to 期待；盼望be opposed to 反对
devote ．．．to 贡献给……stick to 坚持
lead to 导致pay attention to 注意到
be related to 与……有关see to 务必做到；负责……
refer to 提到；指的是turn to 翻到；求助于
单项填空
The idea for the new machine came to Mr Baker to his invention．
A．while he was devoted
B．while devoting
C．while devoting himself
D．while devoted
解析： 选A。考查be devoted to这一结构。注意不要误选D项，因为主句的主语the idea与从句的主语Mr Baker/he不一致，因此从句中的主语和谓语动词he was不能省略。
3．equal
adj．相同的；平等的
vt．等于，比得上
n．同等/相等的人或物
He asked us to cut the apple into three equal pieces．
他让我们把苹果切成三等份。
None of us can equal her in intelligence．
我们中没人能在智力方面比得上她。
常用结构：
be equal to sth．/doing sth．胜任某事/ 做某事
A equals BA等于B
without equal/have no equal 无与伦比/无比
Are you equal to（doing）the task?你能胜任这项工作吗？
Yao Ming is a basketball player without equal in China．
在中国，姚明是个无与伦比的篮球运动员。
单项填空
He doubted whether she would be to the task．
equal
B．similar
C．familiar
D．content
解析： 选A。be equal to sth．胜任，符合句意。content意为“满意的，满足的”不符句意，其他选项也均与句意不符。
4．reward
n．报答；酬金（为某些特殊服务提供或给予的金钱）
vt．酬谢，奖赏；报应；惩罚（坏人或坏事）
常用结构：
as a reward（for）作为（对某事的）报酬（或奖赏）
give/ offer a reward to sb．for sth．为某事而给某人报酬
in reward for 为酬答……；作为奖励……
reward sb．（with ．．．）for sth．为某事（而以……）报答……
reward/award/prize
reward表示“奖赏，酬谢”，动词只能以人或人的行为作宾语，名词表示某人因做了某事而应得到某东西。
award 作名词指正式或官方 “给予，颁发，授予”（奖章，奖金等），也可以指法庭裁决；作动词时可以跟两个宾语，award sb．sth．把某物授予/判给某人。
prize只能作名词，表示“奖赏、奖金、奖品”，尤指在比赛中获得的荣誉。
It’s a reward for virtue．那是对美德的回报。
It is unfair that he gets very little in reward for his hard work．他工作很辛苦，报酬却很少，这不公平。
How can I reward your kindness?
我如何酬谢你的好意呢？
Jim rewarded the boy a pound for bringing back the lost dog．
男孩把吉姆丢失的狗带了回来，为此吉姆奖赏给他一英镑。
单项填空
①Martin Luther King, a great Black leader in the movement against racial discrimination, was the Nobel Prize for peace for his outstanding contribution to world peace．
A．rewarded
B．given
C．awarded
D．offered
②They the winners with gifts of fruit and flowers．
A．rewarded
B．awarded
C．charged
D．paid
③The girl got nothing in for her kindness, which made her very sad．
A．prize
B．award
C．medals
D．reward
①解析：选C。句意为：反对种族歧视运动的杰出黑人领袖马丁·路德·金，因其对世界和平的突出贡献而被授予诺贝尔和平奖。award指正式或官方的“授予，颁发”。
②解析：选A。考查固定搭配。句意为：他们送给获胜者水果和鲜花作为奖赏。reward sb．with ．．．用……酬劳某人。
③解析：选D。由句意可知，应该是对做好事的报答。in reward for 为……而报答。
5．out of work
失业
Jim has been out of work for several months．
吉姆已经失业几个月了。
Mary’s cell phone has been out of work for several days, which brought her a lot of inconvenience．
玛丽的手机坏了好几天了，这给她带来了很多不便。
in work有工作
out of breath上气不接下气
out of patience 不耐烦
out of use 没用了
out of date过时
out of order次序颠倒；出故障
out of control失控
out of danger脱离危险
out of shape变形
Out of sight, out of mind．眼不见, 心不烦。
用适当的介词（短语）填空
①Although my computer is date now, it's still use．
②After the fourth operation, the patient has been danger．
①out of; in ②out of
6．as a matter of fact
事实上
It was cold．As a matter of fact, it was freezing．
天很冷。事实上，冷得要命。
as a matter of fact=in fact/in actual fact/actually/in
reality/to tell the truth 实际上；事实
to make matters worse 让事情更糟糕的是
it doesn’t matter 没有关系
单项填空
It rained that day．, our car broke down on the way．
A．In fact
B．Actually
C．To make matters worse
D．To tell the truth
解析： 选C。to make matters worse让事情更糟糕的是。根据句意可知，C项符合。
7．blow up
vi．爆炸；突然严峻；大发雷霆
vt．炸毁；给……充气；放大（照片）
My father blew up when I didn't come home last night．
我昨晚没回家，父亲大发雷霆。
Stop at the gas station and we'll blow up the tyres．
在加油站停一下，我们要给轮胎打气。
blow away刮走，吹走
blow down（风）刮倒
blow off 吹掉；将（热水、蒸汽等）放出
blow out 吹熄；（电线）烧断
blow over（暴风雨等）吹散，刮倒；（坏天气）大风平息
单项填空
A short circuit will the fuse（保险丝）．
A．blow up
B．blow off
C．blow out
D．blow over
解析： 选C。句意为：短路会烧断保险丝。根据句意可知，答案选C。
8．in trouble
在危险、受罚、痛苦、忧虑等的处境中
Please telephone us when you are in trouble．
遇到困难时就给我们打电话。
have trouble（in）doing sth．做某事有困难。其中的介词 in 在口语中通常可省略。
take（the）trouble to do sth．在这一结构中，其中的冠词用不用均可，但含义稍有不同：用冠词，表示不怕费事或不怕麻烦而去做某事；不用冠词，表示尽心尽力或费尽心血而去做某事。
go to（the）trouble to do（of doing）sth．
不辞辛劳做某事/费心做某事
give sb．trouble/put sb．to trouble麻烦某人；打扰某人
have trouble with ．．．有……病痛；同……闹纠纷
We had no trouble（in）finding his office．
我们没费吹灰之力就找到了他的办公室。
He took the trouble to show me the way to the station．
他不嫌麻烦地为我去火车站而指路。
He went to the trouble of finding out when our train was leaving．
他费心为我们打听到了我们乘坐的火车的开车时间。
I Don't like giving trouble to people I Don't know．
我不愿意给我不认识的人添麻烦。
The man often has trouble with his wife．
这个男人经常与他的妻子闹矛盾。
单项填空
Even an experienced climber can to reach the summit．
A．get into trouble
B．make trouble
ask for trouble
D．take trouble over
解析： 选A。句意为：即使是一个很有经验的登山者，想要到达顶峰也有可能遇到困难。句中的can表示“有可能”。get into trouble 陷入困境，因做某事而招致惩罚，危险等；ask for trouble 自找麻烦，自讨苦吃；make trouble 引起麻烦；take trouble over sth．在某事上费心思。根据句意选A。
9．turn to
求助于；依赖；翻到；询问
We have to turn to some bigger companies for technical help．
我们不得不向一些更大的公司寻求技术援助。
turn against背叛
turn down（音量）关小；拒绝
turn in上交
turn ．．．into ．．．（使……）成为……
turn off关掉（水源、煤气、电灯等）；避开（问题等）
turn on打开（水、煤气、电灯、无线电等）
turn over（使）打翻/翻身/翻动/翻耕（土地）/转危为安
turn up开大；出现；找到
by turns轮流；交替
in turn依次；轮流
turn out证明是；结果是
Nobody will turn against his country．
没有人会背叛自己的国家。
Please turn down the television．
请把电视机的音量调小点儿。
He turned down my suggestion without hesitation．
他毫不犹豫地拒绝了我的建议。
The child picked up a purse and turned it in to the policeman．
那个孩子捡到了一个钱包，然后把它交给了警察。
The farmers are turning waste land into rice fields．
农民们正把荒地变成肥沃的田地。
Don't forget to turn all the lights off before you go to bed．
在你上床之前，不要忘记把所有的灯都关上。
The man turned over and went to sleep again when the telephone rang．
当电话铃响的时候，那个人翻了个身，又睡着了。
（1）单项填空
①In the new city there wasn’t a single person the poor boy could turn for help．
A．that
B．who
C．from whom
D．to whom
②We had a good many anxious moments, but everything all right in the end．
A．turned down
B．turned on
C．turned out
D．turned to
（1）①解析：选D。turn to sb．for help为固定搭配，意思是“求助于”某人。
②解析：选C。turn out 在句中的意思是“变得；证明是；结果是”，为连系动词；turn down调低；拒绝；turn on打开；turn to参考；转向；求助于。
（2）用与turn搭配的适当介词填空
①The key you lost has turned ．
②Nothing could make the brave man turn his motherland．
③Don't rush．Please wait in line and get on the bus turn．
④He asked his teacher to give him the chance one more time but his teacher turned him ．
⑤Be sure to turn the lights when you leave the classroom．
（2）①up ②against ③in ④down ⑤off
10．lose heart
丧失勇气或信心
He failed many times, but he didn’t lose heart．
他失败了许多次，但他并没有失去信心。
No matter what you do, never lose heart．
不管你做什么，千万不要失去信心。
lose one’s job失业
lose one’s balance失去平衡
lose one’s breath上气不接下气
lose one’s heart（to sb．/sth．）爱上
lose one’s life丧生; 遇害
lose face丢脸; 受屈辱
lose hope失去希望
翻译句子
①不要失去信心，一切都会好起来的。
②她喜欢上了一位年轻士兵。
①Don't lose heart, all will turn out well．
②She lost her heart to a young soldier．
重点句型
11．．．．only then did we decide to answer violence with violence．……只有到这个时候，我们才决定用暴力反抗暴力。
only 修饰的时间、条件、方式状语等放在句首时，主句要用部分倒装。
Only then did she realize she had made mistakes．
直到那时她才意识到她所犯的错误。
Only when he came back did I go to bed．
当他回来的时候，我才上床睡觉。
only 放在句首修饰状语时，主句部分要倒装，修饰主语、宾语时，则不倒装。
Only you understand me．只有你了解我。
单项填空
I failed in the final examination last term and only then the importance of studies．
A．I realized
B．I had realized
C．had I realized
D．did I realize
解析： 选D。only then位于句首时句子用倒装结构，realize的动作在fail之后发生，故选过去时。
12．He taught us during the lunch breaks and the evenings when we should have been asleep．
他在午餐后的休息时间以及晚上本来该睡觉的时间教我们学习。
should have done 本应该做某事（但实际上并没有做）/对过去已发生的事情的推测。ought to= should 但在语气上比should要强。
情态动词+have done的用法小结：
must+have done 表示对过去情况的推测，只用于肯定句中，意为“一定……”，其否定的意义用can’t+have done表示。
can/could have done 对过去已发生的情况的推测，用于疑问句或否定句中。
could+have done本来有能力做而实际上没有做
needn’t+have done本来不必做的事，实际上却做了
might have done本来可以做而实际上未做。
may（might）+have done表示对过去的推测，多用在陈述句，意为“也许；可能……”。用might 比用 may 语气更加委婉。
would+have done 用于虚拟条件句中，表示与过去事实相反。
He ought not to have taken the old clothes away．
他不该把旧衣服带走。（事实上已带走。）
The street is wet．It must have rained last night．
路面是湿的，昨天晚上肯定下雨了。
If I could have stopped, there wouldn’t have been an accident．
如果我能够停下来，事故就不会发生了。
I needn’t have gone to the office yesterday．
昨天我没必要去办公室。
Please Don't do that．You might both have been caught and killed！
请不要那样做。你们俩很有可能被抓住然后被杀掉！
should/ought to
①两者均有“应该”之意，should多表示说话人主观建议，ought to多表示道义和责任。
Doctors and nurses should take good care of patients．
医生和护士应该仔细照顾病人。
You shouldn’t drink and drive．
你不该喝了酒还开车。
You ought to be blushed at your conduct．
你应该为你自己的行为感到羞愧。
②两者均可表示预测，意为“应该会，可能”。
We should/ought to arrive there before dark．
我们应该会在天黑前到达那里。
It’s twelve o’clock now．She should/ought to have already got there．
现在已经12点了。她应该已经到那里了。
should的其他用法：
①虚拟从句中，表示“假如；万一”；
If you should change your mind, do let we know．
如果你想要改变主意，让我们知道。
In case you should need any help, here is my number．
假如你需要任何帮助，给我打电话，这是我的电话号码。
②应该，必须
She recommended that/she（should）take some time off．
她建设应该休假。
③表示惊讶，遗憾。
It’s strange that she should have done such a thing．
她能做好这样的事情，真让人觉得奇怪。
单项填空
①—I missed the first part of the film．It was really a pity．
—You home half an hour earlier．
A．should have left
B．must have left
C．should leave
D．must leave
②—Do you think he is lazy?
—I so once, but I Don't now．
A．may have thought
B．can have thought
C．may think
D．might think
①解析：选A。第一句句意为：我错过了这部电影的第一部分，真遗憾。根据第一句，答句的句意应为：你本应该提前半小时出家门。故选A。
②解析：选A。从答语可知，空格处的意思是“曾经这样想过”，即对过去情况作推测，故应用“情态动词＋动词完成时”；又因为 can 表推测时不用于肯定句中，故选A。