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1．persuade
vt．说服；劝服；使相信（同convince）
常用结构：
persuade sb．of sth．使某人相信某事
persuade sb．to do sth．说服某人做某事
persuade sb．into doing sth．说服某人做某事
persuade sb．out of doing sth．说服某人不要做某事
persuade sb．that-clause 使某人相信……
talk sb．into/out of doing sth．
=reason sb．into/out of doing sth．
说服某人做/不做某事
trick sb．into/out of doing sth．诱使某人做/不做某事
urge sb．into/out of doing sth．怂恿某人做/不做某事
advise/persuade
advise 强调“劝告，建议”的动作，不注重结果；而persuade强调“已经说服”，重在结果。用法上：advise可跟v．-ing形式作宾语，也可以接that-clause（that sb．should do）,而persuade则不能。
I persuaded him of its truth．我使他相信这是真的。
We will persuade him to take the medicine．
我们将说服他把药吃下去。
We persuaded her into taking the job．
我们说服她接受了这份工作。
I persuaded my father out of smoking．
我劝服父亲戒了烟。
She persuaded me that death does not end all．
她说服我相信了死并不能结束一切。
He persuaded her to go to school, even though she did not want to．即使她不想去上学，他还是说服她去了。
He advised that we（should）leave early．
他建议我们早点出发。
单项填空
①Alice trusts you; only you can her to give up the foolish idea．
A．suggest
B．attract
C．tempt
D．persuade
②Mr Li no longer smokes now because his wife him to give up smoking last year．A．suggested
B．advised
C．persuaded
D．told
①解析：选D。句意为：爱丽丝信任你，唯有你能说服她放弃这种愚蠢的想法。persuade sb．to do sth．说服某人做某事;suggest劝说、建议，后不接动词不定式;attract 吸引;tempt 诱惑，引诱，均不符题意。故选D项。
②解析：选C。考查advise sb．to do sth．和persuade sb．to do sth．的区别。advise sb．to do sth．意思是“劝某人做某事”，强调动作，尤其是表达“劝而不服”时多用此结构；persuade sb．to do sth．意思是“劝服某人做某事”，强调结果。
2．determine
vt．（使）决定,决心要;确定
常用结构：
determine + n．/ pron．决（确）定
determine to do sth．决定做某事（表示动作，是非延续性动词短语）
determine on／upon ．．．决定……
determine that／what ．．．决定……
determine sb．to do sth．使某人决定做某事
determine sb．against sth．使某人决定不做某事
be determined to do sth．决心做某事（表示状态，可与表示时间段的状语连用）
We determine to go to the railway station at once．
我们决定立刻去火车站。
The court determined that the man was guilty of assault．
法庭裁定那个人犯了侵犯人身罪。
That determined her against leaving home．
那件事使她决定不离开家了。
determined adj．坚决的，有决心的
determination n．决心
I was determined to make it as a jazz musician．
我决定要成为一名爵士乐音乐家。
be determined to do与determine to do 意思基本一致，但前者表示状态，可与某段时间状语连用；后者表示动作，是非延续性的动词短语。类似的短语还有：prepare for／be prepared for，worry about／be worried about。这类结构常考查分词作状语的用法。
单项填空
He left school early and as an adolescent, to make his fortune in America．
A．is determined
B．had be determined
C．determined
D．determining
解析： 选C。考查determine的用法。根据句意应使用be determined to结构，此处determined为形容词作伴随状语。
3．insist
v．坚持；坚决要求
You can come back later, if you insist．
如果你一定要坚持，就稍后再来吧。
常用结构：
insist on/upon sth．/（sb’s）doing sth．
坚持某事/要求（某人）做某事
insist that ．．．．（should）坚持……
I still insist on my viewpoint．我仍然坚持我的观点。
He insisted on paying for the meal．他坚持要付饭钱。
Mother insisted on our washing the clothes by ourselves．
妈妈坚决要求我们自己洗衣服。
insist当“坚决要求”解时，后面的从句应用虚拟语气，即谓语部分用“should+动词原形”或直接用动词原形；如果insist当“坚持（认为；说）”解时，后面的从句不用虚拟语气。
单项填空
①The man insisted a taxi for me even though I told him I lived nearby．
A．find
B．to find
C．on finding
D．in finding
②I advised that he to the hospital at once, but he insisted that he quite well then．
A．be sent; was feeling
B．was sent; felt
C．be sent; feel
D．should be sent; should feel
①解析：选C。insist on doing sth．是习惯搭配，意为“坚持做某事”。
②解析：选A。advise引导宾语从句，从句中的谓语动词不管什么人称都应用should do; should也可以省去，只用动词原形表述事实。insist在此处意为“坚持认为”。故选A。
4．once
用法较多，意思也比较丰富，既可以用作连词，也可以用作副词。
once用作连词时，意为“一旦……就……”，连接时间状语从句，相当于as soon as。
once用作副词时，意为“曾经；一度；从前”。它是一个不确定的时间副词，其位置一般是在行为动词之前，系动词之后。
once用作副词，也可意为“一次”。
Once you start, you will never give up．
一旦开始了，你就不要放弃。
Physics is easy to learn once you understand the rules．
一旦你理解了规则，物理就不难学了。
Once he lived in America, but now he lives in England．
他曾经居住在美国，但现在他生活在英国。
His song was once very popular among the young people．
他的歌曾经在年轻人中很流行。
The old professor comes to see us once a week．
那个老教授一周来看我们一次。
Tell us the story once more．把那个故事再给我们讲一遍。
at once 立刻；马上
once again再一次；又一次（相当于once more）
all at once突然（相当于suddenly）
once upon a time很早以前；从前
once in a while偶尔；间或once/as soon as
once偏重于条件，而as soon as偏重于时间。
Once you see the film, you’d never forget it（不宜用as soon as）．
你一旦看了这部电影，你就永远不会忘记它。
As soon as he got off the plane, we wanted to say hello to him（不宜用once）．
他一下飞机，我们就想向他打招呼。
单项填空
① environmental damage is done, it takes many years for the ecosystem（生态系统）to recover．
A．Even if
B．If only
C．While
D．Once
② you understand this rule, you’ll have no further difficulty．
A．Once
B．Unless
C．As
D．Until
①解析：选D。句子为once引导的时间状语从句，意为“一旦；一……就……”。句意为：一旦环境遭到损害，就需要许多年才能使生态系统恢复。even if引导让步状语从句，意为“尽管”。if only意为“要是……就好了”，引导从句的谓语动词常用虚拟语气。while意为“当……的时候”，引导从句的谓语动词必须是延续性动词。故选D。
②解析：选A。考查由once引导的时间状语从句，意为“一旦”。句意为：一旦明白了这条规则，就再也没有困难了。
5．view
n．风景；视野；观点；见解
vt．观看；注视；考虑
The house has a view over the sea．
这座房子面向大海，视野开阔。
What is your view on school punishments?
你对学校的处罚有什么看法？
The plan was viewed favorably．这项计划是受到称赞的。
in one’s view 在某人看来
come into view 进入视野，看得见
in full view（of sb．/sth．）完全看得见
in view of sth．鉴于，考虑到，由于
with a view to sth．／to doing sth．为了，指望
Several possible buyers have come to view the house．
几个可能是买主的人来看过房子。
单项填空
On the top of this mountain, you can get a wonderful of the nearby hills．
A．sight
B．view
C．distance
D．look
解析： 选B。get a view of为固定搭配，意为“看到……的景象”。
6．care about
关心；担心；在乎；喜欢
I really care about my work．我真的关心我的工作。
care for 喜爱；照顾；重视
take care 当心
take care of 照料; 关怀; 处理
under the care of
由……管理, 在……的照料下, 在……的保护下
with care 小心, 慎重
She doesn’t care for that colour．她不喜欢那种颜色。
He spent years caring for his sick mother．
他数年里一直在照顾生病的母亲。
I do care for what my teacher says．
我的确尊重老师说的话。
（1）单项填空
That old man is so greedy（贪婪的）that he nothing but money, not even his relatives．（原创）
A．look about
B．search for
C．cares about
D．takes care of
（2）完成句子
①他一点也不关心别人，只想着自己。
He doesn’t care other people at all; he is always thinking of himself．
②爱因斯坦对金钱不感兴趣，对薪水也不计较。
Einstein who cared little money never cared his salary．
（1）解析：选C。考查短语辨析。look about到处看；search for寻找，相当于look for；care about关心；在乎；take care of照料。
（2）①about②for; about
7．change one’s mind
改变主意
Maybe you’ll change your mind after thinking it over．
也许你仔细考虑之后会改变主意。
make up one’s mind（to do）下定决心（做某事）
have a/no mind to do 有/无意做……
lose one’s mind 失去理智
read one’s mind 看出某人的心思
speak one’s mind 直言不讳
be of the same mind 意见一致
be in/of two minds 拿不定主意
give one’s mind to 注意……
keep one’s mind on 专心于……
take one’s mind off sth．转移某人的注意
bear/keep sth．in mind 记住某事
bring/call sth．to mind 回忆某事
put one’s mind to sth．全神贯注于某事
I have made up my mind to leave, and nothing you say will change it．
我已经下定决心要离开，不管你说什么我都不会改变主意了。
①I’ve made up my mind to be a doctor．
②Nothing will make me change my mind．
8．give in
屈服，让步，投降；上交
give in（to sb．/sth．）向……让步
give up sth．/doing 放弃（做）某事
give away 赠送；泄露
give back 归还；恢复
give off 放出，散发（光、热、烟、气味等）
give out分配；分发；发布；（食物，燃料，电力等）被用光；筋疲力尽
Seeing that he could not persuade me, he had to give in（to my view）．由于无法说服我，他不得不让步。
Our food supply at last gives out．
我们的食物终于用完了。
His strength gave out．
他已筋疲力尽。
单项填空
It is always the husband who first when a quarrel breaks out between the young couple．
A．give away
B．gives out
C．gives in
D．gives off
解析： 选C。考查动词短语辨析。句意为：当年轻夫妻之间发生争吵时，最先让步的总是丈夫。give away 赠送，泄露，出卖；give out 分发，用完，消耗尽；give in 投降，屈服，让步；give off 放出，散发出。
重点句型
9．Which kind of transport do you prefer to use：bus or train?
汽车和火车，你更喜欢使用哪种交通方式？
prefer to do（rather than do）意为“宁可；宁愿（表选择）”或者“更喜欢做某事”。其本身带有like better的含义，所以不能再与表示程度的better或more连用。
prefer sth．喜欢某事/物
prefer doing sth．更喜欢做某事
prefer+to do sth．（表示特定场合下）更喜欢做某事
prefer sb．to do sth．宁愿某人做某事
prefer A to B/prefer doing A to doing B
宁愿……而不愿……
prefer to do A rather than do B
宁愿做A而不愿做B
prefer + that-clause（虚拟语气）+（should）+do
喜欢做某事
Do you prefer cooking for yourself or eating in a restaurant?
你是喜欢自己做饭还是下馆子？
Their father prefers them to be home early．
他们的父亲宁愿他们早点回家。
I prefer writing a term paper to taking an examination．
我宁愿写一篇学术论文也不愿参加考试。
He preferred to die rather than become a traitor．
他宁死也不做叛徒。
Would you prefer that I（should）come on Monday instead of on Tuesday? 你宁愿让我星期一来而不是星期二来吗？
单项填空
My sister singing dancing while I dance sing．（原创）
A．prefers; to; would rather; than
B．would rather; than; prefer; to
C．prefers; rather than; would rather; to
D．would rather; to; prefer; to
解析： 选A。考查固定搭配。prefer的搭配是prefer to do rather than do或prefer doing to doing；would rather的搭配是would rather do than do或would do rather than do，因此A项正确。
10．When I told her the air would be hard to breathe and it would be very cold, she said it would be an interesting experience．
当我告诉她那里空气稀薄，呼吸困难，而且天气很冷时，她却说这将是一次有趣的经历。
“．．．the air would be hard to breathe ．．．”是“主语+系动词+形容词+不定式”结构，其中不定式的谓语与主语在意义上是动宾关系，但要用主动形式表示被动意义，不定式后面如果是不及物动词要在其后加适当的介词与主语构成动宾关系。这一类的形容词通常可以描绘主语的情绪、态度、品质属性或者难易程度，如hard, difficult, easy, nice, interesting, important, pleasant和comfortable等。
Your writing is impossible to read．你写的字太难辨认了。
Do you think the water is safe to drink?
你认为这水喝起来安全吗？
The chair looks rather hard, but it is very comfortable to sit on．这把椅子看上去很硬，但坐起来很舒服。
完成句子
①有时候她很不容易理解。
She was difficult at times．
②他是唯一一个被授予这种荣誉的外国人。
He was the only foreigner such an honour．
①to understand ②to be given
11．A determined person always tries to finish the job, no matter how hard it is．
有决心的人总是努力完成工作，不管它有多么难。
no matter how ．．．引导让步状语从句，意为“无论多么……”，how后跟形容词或副词，相当于“however + adj．/adv．”句式。
no matter意为“无论；不管”时，引导让步状语从句，常用于下列句型中：no matter what（who/when etc．）．．．分别表示“无论何事”、“无论何人”、“无论何时”等，这个从句可以置于主句之前，也可以置于主句之后。no matter后接关系代词或关系副词引导的状语从句在句中作让步状语。
注意：whatever, however, whoever etc．可引导状语从句，也可引导名词性从句。
No matter what happened, he would not mind．
=Whatever happened, he would not mind．
不管发生什么，他都不在意。
（错）Prisoners have to eat no matter what they’re given．
（对）Prisoners have to eat whatever they’re given．
囚犯们只能给什么吃什么。
No matter how hard he works, he can not get a promotion．
不管他工作多努力, 他就是得不到提升。
No matter what you do, you must be very careful．
不管做什么事，你都必须非常细心。
No matter who you are（=Whoever you are）, I’ll never let you in．无论你是谁，我绝不让你进去。
No matter which you choose（=Whichever you choose）, you will be satisfied．不论你选择哪一个，你都会满意的。
No matter where I go（=Wherever I go）, I will be thinking of you．无论我去哪里，我都会想着你。
单项填空
① the problem may be, we must solve it ourselves．
A．Whatever difficult
B．How difficult
C．However difficult
D．No matter what difficult
②It is generally considered unwise to give a child he or she wants．
A．however
B．whatever
C．whichever
D．whenever
①解析：选C。句意为：不管问题有多难，我们都要独立解决。difficult为形容词，因此用how修饰，表示程度。however在这里没有转折的意思，相当于no matter how，因此答案为C。
②解析：选B。考查从属关联词的用法。whatever等于anything that或everything that，引导宾语从句。whatever一方面起引导词的作用，同时作从句中wants的宾语。