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Practice 1
读书有三个层次，三种境界。第一种境界是见书就读，不加鉴别（differentiating），没有太多选择。第二种境界是读一部分你特别喜欢的作家的作品，找到你的兴趣和兴奋点在哪里。第三种境界就是只读一本或几本你最喜欢的书，或者反复阅读你喜欢的一个作家，精心研究他的作品。如此，我们应该明白“书越读越少”的意思了。
【参考译文】
There are threelevels, or say, three states with regard to reading. The first state is thatyou read any book you can lay your hands on without differentiating orchoosing. The second state is that you only read works by your favorite writersfrom which you can find interest and excitement. The third state is that youread only one or several books that you like most or read works by yourfavorite writer once and again to study them carefully. Thus, we may understandthe meaning of “As you read on, you read less and less.”
Practice 2
孔子学院是以传播中国语言文化、支持当地中文教学为基本任务的非赢利性社会公益机构。“孔子学院”的英文名称为“Confucius Institute”。孔子是中国历史上的著名的思想家、教育家、哲学家，其学说（doctrine）在世界上具有十分重要的影响，因此该名称体现了中国历史悠久、博大精深的（extensive and profound）语言文化底蕴（accumulation），也体现了新世纪中国语言文化将逐步融人世界的发展趋势。
【参考译文】
“ConfuciusInstitute” is a non-profit public institute with a mission to promote theChinese language and culture in the world and to support the local Chineseteaching. The English name for the institute is"Confucius Institute". Confucius is a well-known thinker, educatorand philosopher in Chinese history, and his doctrine has a very importantinfluence in the world. To name this institute after him shows the extensiveand profound accumulation of Chinese language and culture with a long history.It also embodies the trend for the integration of Chinese language and cultureinto the world in the new century.
Practice 3
同一个世界同一个梦想（One World One Dream），深刻反映了北京奥运会的核心理念，体现了作为“绿色奥运、科技奥运、人文奥运（People’s Olympics）”三大理念的核心和灵魂。建设和谐社会、实现和谐发展是我们的梦想和追求。“天人合一”（“Harmony of Man with Nature”）、“和为贵（“Harmony Enjoys Priority”）”是中国人民自古以来对人与自然，人与人和谐关系的理想与追求。我们相信，和平进步、和谐发展、和睦相处、合作共赢、和美生活是全世界的共同理想。
【参考译文】
One World OneDream is a profound manifestation of the core concepts of the Beijing OlympicGames. It reflects the core and soul of the three concepts—“Green Olympics,High-tech Olympics and People’s Olympics”. While “Harmony of Man with Nature”and “Harmony Enjoys Priority” are the philosophies and ideals of the Chinesepeople since ancient times in their pursuit of the harmony between Man andNature and the harmony among people, building up a harmonious society andachieving harmonious development are the dreams and aspirations of ours. It isour belief that peace and progress, harmonious development, living in amity,cooperation and mutual benefit, and enjoying a happy life are the common idealsof the people throughout the world.
Practice 4
中国是一个有着数千年文明史的东方（Oriental）大国。中华民族以自己的勤劳和智慧，创造了灿烂的古代文明，对人类发展作出过重大贡献。中国历经磨难（vicissitudes）而又自强不息。千百年（millennia）来，中华民族一次次战胜了天灾人祸，渡过了急流险滩，昂首挺胸地走到今天。中华民族的历史证明了一个真理：一个民族在灾难中失去的，必将从民族的进步中得到补偿。
【参考译文】
China is a big Oriental country with a civilizationstretching back several thousand years. With diligence and wisdom, the Chinesenation created a splendid civilization and made significant contributions tothe progress of humanity. China is a country that stood numerous vicissitudesbut never gave up. Over the millennia, the Chinese nation has weatherednumerous disasters, both natural and man-made, surmounted all kinds ofdifficulties and challenges, and made her way to where she proudly standstoday. The experience of theChinese nation attests to a truth: what a nation loses in times of disasterwill be made up for by her progress.
Practice 5
中华民族历来尊重人的尊严和价值。还在遥远的古代，我们的先人就已提出“民为贵”的思想，认为“天生万物，唯人为贵”，社会的发展和进步，取决于人的发展和进步，取决于人的尊严的维护和价值的发挥。今天中国所焕发出来的巨大活力（vitality），是中国人民拥有广泛自由、民主的生动写照。中国确保13多亿人的生存权和发展权，是对世界人权事业的重大贡献。
【参考译文】
The Chinese nationhas always respected human dignity and value. Even in the ancient days, ourancestors came up with the idea of “people being the most important,” believethat “man is the most valuable among all the things that heaven fosters.” Theprogress and development of a society hinge on human progress and developmentand depend on how well human dignity is maintained and how much human, value isrealized. The immense vitality displayed by China today is a vivid reflectionof the broad freedoms and democratic rights enjoyed by the Chinese people.China has a population of over 1.3 billion, and to ensure our people the rightsto subsistence and development is in itself a major contribution to theprogress of the world human rights cause.
Practice 6
在20世纪诸多的音乐传播（music transmission）手段中，无线电广播的发明和发展对音乐的传播起了极为重要的作用。然而，高科技的高速发展也使我国广播音乐工作者在新世纪中面临严峻的挑战。随着CD唱片的日益普及，随着立体声（stereophonic）及数字式音乐电视迈开咄咄逼人脚步，随着…尤其是随着“仿佛无所不能的（almighty）计算机网络”势力的高速扩张，新世纪音乐广播和音乐广播人还能有所作为吗？
【参考译文】
Among thenumerous means of music transmission of the 20th century, the creation anddevelopment of radio broadcasting played an extremely important role in theindustry of music transmission. Nevertheless, the rapid development of hightechnology has brought serious challenges to China’s radio music workers in thenew century. With the ever-increasing popularization of CDs, with theaggressive march of the stereophonic and digital musical TV, with.., andespecially with the rapid expansion of the "almighty computernetwork" force, what else can be done on the part of the musicbroadcasting industry and music broadcasters of the new century.
Practice 7
语言的存在就是用来表达它所能表达的一切。有些事情用语言表达效果太糟，所以如果有其他的媒介，我们从不用语言去表达。有人认为，让小孩用语言描述怎样系领带，或者描述一把剪刀的样子，就能测出他语言的“基本”水平，这种看法是完全错误的。语言做不到，也从来做不好的事，恰恰就是描述复杂的物体形状和动作。
【参考译文】
Language existsto communicate whatever it can communicate. Some things it communicates sobadly that we never attempt to communicate them by words if any other medium isavailable. Those who think they are testing a boy’ s “elementary” command ofEnglish by asking him to describe in words how one ties one’ s tie or what apair of scissors is like, are far astray. For precisely what language canhardly do at all, and never does well, is to inform us about complex physicalshapes and movements
Practice 8
国强必霸（seek hegemony），不适合中国。称霸，既有悖于我们的文化传统，也违背中国人民意志。中国的发展不损害任何人，也不威胁任何人。中国要做和平的大国、学习的大国、合作的大国，致力于建设一个和谐的世界。中国将永远坚持开放兼容的方针，既珍视传统，又博采众长，用文明的方式、和谐的方式实现经济繁荣和社会进步。
【参考译文】
The argument that a big power is bound to seek hegemonydoes not apply to China. Seeking hegemony goes against China’s culturaltradition as well as the will of the Chinese people. China’s development harmsno one and threatens no one. We shall be a peace-loving country, a country thatis eager to learn from and cooperate with others and that is committed tobuilding a harmonious world. China will remain open and receptive, valuing herown traditions while drawing on others’ successful experience, so as to achieveeconomic prosperity and social progress in a civilized and harmonious way.
Practice 9
在一个极为漫长的历史阶段中，人类只能通过音乐表演和口授来传播音乐。当人类发明了乐谱后，音乐便开始脱离表演而演变成“文字”得以记录和传播。然而，人类音乐传播的真正革命性里程碑（milestone）的建立者无疑是科学家们。他们创造了令人叹为观止的音乐传播手段，从最早的机械“留声机”（ milestone）到今天五花八门的“电子媒体”。
【参考译文】
For a very long period of historical development, mankindcould only pass on music through performance and oral instruction. When mankindinvented musical scores, music started to break away from the boundaries ofbeing merely a performing art, and develop into a system of “written symbols”that can be recorded and spread. Undoubtedly, however, it was the scientistswho should be crowned as the founders of the real revolutionary milestone ofhuman musical communication. Scientists invented marvelous means of musictransmission, beginning from the earliest mechanical “record turntable” totoday’s many kinds of “electronic media”.
Practice 10
除全国电视网即中央电视台外，中国还有地区电视台和地方电视台。它们都是国有的。一些大地区电视台播出英语节目，供长住中国的外国人和外国旅游者收看。中央电视台通过国际卫星频道（satellite channel）向全世界输出节目。作为对外交换的一个组成部分，中央电视台和一些地方电视台播出不少美国电视节目，其中最受欢迎的是美国的NBA篮球赛。
【参考译文】
In addition to anational network known by the initials CCTV （short for China Central Television）, there are powerful regionaland local stations too. All are government-owned. Some major regional stationshave English language programs for long-term foreign residents and tourists inChina. CCTV exports some programs worldwide via an international satellitechannel. As part of exchange, CCTV and other local stations have also broadcastmany American TV programs, among the most popular ones is NBA basketball.
Practice 11
文化是沟通人与人心灵和情感的桥梁，是国与国加深理解和信任的纽带。文化交流比政治交流更久远，比经济交流更深刻。随着时光的流逝和时代的变迁，许多人物和事件都会变成历史，但文化却永远存在，历久弥新，并长时间地影响着人们的思想和生活。不同的地域环境（geographies）造就了不同的文化底蕴，形成了各具特色的文化形态，它们如同浩瀚苍穹的璀璨群星，交相辉映，光耀（illuminating）宇宙。
【参考译文】
Culture is a bridge that connects people’s heartand emotions, a bond that enhances mutual understanding and trust between twostates. Cultural exchange has a longer history than political exchange, a moreprofound impact than economic exchange. As time goes by, things begin tochange. Many prominent figures and events will fade into history, but culturelives on. It gets ever stronger and vital with the passage of time, and has anenduring influence on the way we think and live. Different geographies havenurtured a variety of cultures, each with unique feature and attributes. Theyare like the shining stars in the sky, adding radiance to each other andilluminating the vast universe.
Practice 12
我们不仅在生活方式上盲目地追求西方，不仅说着写着已经欧化的（Europeanized）句子，而且在文学、历史、哲学这些人文学科（humanities）领域里，到处用着西方的理论、术语。我们这里并不是反对西方的东西，西方的这些理论都是世界文化遗产的一分子，我们也应该加以保护和继承。但是，一个民族之所以成其为一个民族，必须有其自身的东西。我们应该认真地研读和思考本民族的文化典籍，在继承与更新中把其中所铭刻的文化脉络延续下去。
【参考译文】
We not only followblindly the west in lifestyle and speak and write Europeanized sentences, butalso adopt western theories and terms in the fields of humanities such as literature,history and philosophy. We do not mean to deny western things that should alsobe protected and inherited, for all the western theories are part of the worldcultural heritage. Nevertheless, only with something unique that belongs to itsown a nation can be called a nation. We should study and think over carefullynational cultural classics to carry their cultural essence forward byinheritance and innovation.
Practice 13
我们要实施科教兴国的战略。科技进步是经济发展的决定性因素，发展教育是科技进步的基础。世界范围内日趋激烈的经济竞争和综合国力的较量，归根结底是科技和人才的竞争。我国只有大力发展教育和科技事业，把经济发展切实转到依靠科技进步和提高劳动者素质的轨道上来，才能加快现代化进程，缩小与发达国家的差距。
【参考译文】
We shouldimplement the strategy of developing the country by relying on science andeducation. Scientific and technological progress is a decisive factor ineconomic development, and educational development is the foundation ofscientific and technological progress. The increasingly acute worldwideeconomic competition and overall competition between nations are, in the finalanalysis, competition in science and technology and for competent people. Onlyby vigorously developing education and science and technology and reallysetting forth on the path of developing our economy by relying on scientificand technological advancements and improving the quality of our laborers, can weaccelerate the process of modernization and narrow the gap between China andthe developed countries.
Practice 14
醉汉（intoxicated mind）是写不出诗的。太清醒了，也写不出诗的。画画也是这样，总是在似醉非醉的状态中进入佳境。我总说千嶂的花脸有醉的韵味，那是一种朦胧美与流动美的结合。说它是朦胧的，那是墨彩交融而非混沌不清（murk）。书法用笔的参入（calligraphic paint brushing），给画带来了流动的节奏。这是一种刚与柔、动与静（tranquility）、清晰与朦胧相统一的艺术效果。
【参考译文】
An intoxicatedmind writes no poems. Nor does a completely sober mind. It is also true ofpainting. The best state of creation is one when the artist is partially drunkand partially sober. When I say Qianzhang’s hualian smells of drunkenness, Imean it to be an embodiment of obscure beauty with flowing beauty, obscure asthe result of mixing ink and color, obscure but not murk. His calligraphicpaint brushing brings flowing rhythm to the painting, thus achieving anartistic effect of a harmonious combination of firmness with gentleness, ofmobility with tranquility, and of precision with obscurity.
Practice 15
有时候，在工作中重要的倒是能否处理好人际关系而不是有很多的才能。人际关系就是一种善于听取别人的意见，体察别人的需要，虚心接受批评的能力。善于处理人际关系的人敢于承认错误，敢于承担自己的责任，这是对待错误的一种成熟和负责任的态度。这就是为什么许多平平庸庸的（mediocre）公司雇员在大调整中保住了位置，而有才能的人反到下岗。
【参考译文】
Sometimes it isinterpersonal skills rather than professional skills that really counts in yourcareer. Interpersonal skills are nothing but the ability to be good listener,to be sensitive toward others’ needs, to take criticism well. People with skillin social relations admit their mistakes, and take their share of blame, whichis a mature and responsible way to handle an error. That is why many mediocreemployees survive violent corporate upheavals while people of great talent arebeing laid off.
Practice 16
现代话的交通、电信与大众传媒手段使世界变的越来越小，国际社会如同一个地球村，居住在地球村里的各国人民在文化交流中彼此尊重、共求发展。我认为，不同的文化应该相互学习，取长补短。我们必须清醒地认识到，文化交流不是让外来文化吞灭自己的文化，而是为了丰富各民族的文化。当然，在广泛的文化交流中，一个民族的文化必须保持本民族的鲜明特色，必须对人类文明的发展做出贡献。
【参考译文】
Modern means oftransportation, telecommunication and mass media have shortened thegeographical distance of the world. The international community appears to beno more than a global village, in which people of different nations engagethemselves in cultural exchange, while seeking common development in harmoniousand respectful relationship. I think different cultures should learn from eachother’s strengths to offset their own weaknesses. However, we also have tounderstand that cultural exchange is by no means a process of losing one’s ownculture to a foreign one, but a process of enriching each other’s nationalcultures. Of course, the culture of a nation must withhold its own distinctivenational characteristics in its extensive exchange with other cultures, andmake contributions to the development of human civilization.
Practice 17
汉语热的产生是有其深刻的历史和现实原因的。中华民族有5000年的文明史，主要靠汉语来传承。汉语博大精深，是人类文明的精华（quintessence）和瑰宝。同时，汉语热也说明我们的国家强大了。语言是国家文化的符号，海外人士为中华文化的无穷魅力所吸引，汉语热的出现才成为可能。汉语热折射出中华文化宝库的灿烂光辉，还有待更多的挖掘和发现。
【参考译文】
The craze in the learning of Chinese bears profoundhistorical and modern reasons. Firstly, China’s 5,000-year civilization ispreserved mainly through Chinese language, which is profound and extensive asthe quintessence and treasure of civilization. Moreover, the enthusiasm inChinese is proof to China’s rising power. Language is the symbol that marks theculture of a nation. The overseas interest in Chinese language is possible whenthey are fascinated by the infinite beauty of Chinese culture. Chinese languageis a reflection of the treasures in Chinese culture which calls for furtherexploration and discovery.
Practice 18
每年农历（Chinese lunar calendar）七月初七的七夕节，简称七夕，是中国传统节日中最具烂漫色彩的一个节日。传说每年的七月初七是牛郎（Cowherd）、织女（Weaving Maid）相会的日子。在这一天，人间的喜鹊（magpies）要飞到天上去，为牛郎和织女搭一座鹊桥，好让二人渡过天河相见。在这一天的晚上，如果静静地躲在葡萄架（grapevine）下，就能听到牛郎、织女说的悄悄话。
【参考译文】
The seventh dayof the seventh month on the Chinese lunar calendar is the Chinese Valentine’s Day, called “Qixi” in Chinese. This day is themost romantic one of the Chinese festivals. It is said that the Cowherd and theWeaving Maid are permitted to meet on the seventh day of the seventh lunarmonth once a year. On that day all the magpies will fly to the heaven to form abridge across the Milky River with their wings for the Weaving Maid and thecowherd. On that night, if you stood under a grapevine, you could probablyoverhear the Weaving Maid and the cowherd's conversation.
Practice 19
中华民族的传统文化博大精深，源远流长。早在2000多年前，就产生了以孔孟（Confucius and Mencius）为代表的儒家学说（ChinaConfucianism）和以老庄为代表的道家学说（Taoism），以及其他许多也在中国思想史上有地位的学说和学派。这就是有名的诸子百家（“the masters’ hundred schools”）。从孔夫子到孙中山（Dr. Sun Yat-sen），中华民族的传统文化有它的许多珍品，许多人民性（populist）和民主性的好东西。所有这些，对家庭、对国家和社会都起到了巨大的维系和调节作用。
【参考译文】
The traditional Chinese culture, both extensive andprofound, starts far back and runs a long, long course. More than 2,000 yearsago there emerged in China Confucianism represented by Confucius and Mencius,Taoism, represented by Lao Zi and Zhuang Zi, and many other theories anddoctrines that figured prominently in the history of Chinese thought, all beingcovered by the famous term, “the masters’ hundred schools.” From Confucius toDr. Sun Yat-sen, the traditional Chinese culture presents many precious ideasand qualities, which are essentially populist and democratic. All these haveplayed a great role in binding and regulating the family, the country and thesociety.
Practice 20
提到中华饮食就不能不提到茶。中国人一杯茶可以喝一整天；而且喝茶可以在白天或晚上的任何时候，饭前饭后都可以，但吃饭时很少喝茶。中国人喝茶，茶叶是在杯子里的，但是从来不加牛奶和糖。杯里的茶要等到茶叶沉底才喝，但是个别茶叶也会浮在上面。用热水在茶杯里沏茶，大约喝完三分之一就要续热水，人们认为第二次泡的茶味道最好。
【参考译文】
Nobody can speakof Chinese food without mentioning tea. The Chinese may nurse a cup of tea allday; they drink tea any time of day or night, before or after a meal, butrarely during. The Chinese drink tea with the leaves in their cups, but neveradd milk or sugar. Leaves are allowed to settle before drinking but the odd onedoes float to the top. The tea is brewed in the cup with hot water being addedagain after the cup is about one-third consumed. The second infusion isconsidered the tastiest.
Practice 21
上海作为中国电影的发祥地，在相当长的一段岁月里，它几乎就是中国电影的代名词（synonymous with...），上海的电影为中国的民族电影工业带来了最初的繁华。继承了上海精神的上海国际电影节，热诚地吸收来自各地不同人文、不同潮流、不同形态的优秀电影佳作。中国是尚未完全开放的电影市场，上海国际电影节是中国每年惟一的世界影片大检阅（parade）。
【参考译文】
As thebirthplace of the Chinese cinema, Shanghai, in a very long period of time, hadbeen almost synonymous with the Chinese film industry. The films of Shanghaibrought prosperity to the national cinema. With inheritance to the Shanghaispirit, the Shanghai International Film Festival embraces excellent films ofdifferent cultural backgrounds, trends and forms with enthusiasm. Since Chinais a yet-to-be-opened film market, the Shanghai International Film Festivalserves as the only annual parade of world films in China.
Practice 22
首先，了解背景情况对不同文化之间的交流非常重要。人与人之间的交流有两种情况：一种是外向的，一种是含蓄的。外向的就像是计算机的程序，一切都按照编好的（well-edited）程序进行，否则就运转不了。与此相反的是同含蓄的人交流，这种交流就像是在一起长大的孪生兄弟姐妹之间的交往。因为他们心领神会（tacit understanding），谈话时只需简单的句子和词语。
【参考译文】
Firstly, theunderstanding of certain backgrounds is of great significance to thecross-cultural communication. There are two kinds of communication betweenhuman beings: one is extroverted, the other is introverted. Like the computerprograms, the extroverted communication processes according to the well-edited programs,or it can’t work. On the contrary, communication with the introverts is likethat between the twin brothers or sisters, because they have tacitunderstanding and only need simple sentences or phrases in their conversations.
Practice 23
在小学和中学的时代容易结成真实的友谊，那时彼此尚不感到生活的压迫，入世未深，打算计较的念头也少，朋友的结成全由于志趣相近或性情适合，差不多可以说是“无所为”（“friendship for friendship’ssake”）的，性质比较地纯粹。二十岁以后结成的友谊，大概已不免搀有各种各样的颜色分子在内；至于三十岁四十岁以后的朋友中间，颜色分子愈多，友谊的真实成分也就不免因而愈少了。
【参考译文】
Real friendshipis easily formed in primary or middle school days when, being sociallyinexperienced and free from the burden of life, you give little thought topersonal gains or losses, and make friends entirely as a result of similartastes and interests or congenial disposition. It is sort of “friendship forfriendship’s sake” and is relatively pure in nature. Friendship among people intheir 20’s, however, is more or less colored by personal motives. And friendship among those aged over 30 becomes correspondingly still less pure as it getseven more colored.
Practice 24
自成立以来，厦门大学已为国家培养了140，000多名本科生和研究生，他们工作在社会的各个领域。厦门大学与l00多所海内外高校建立了合作关系。由于其有利的地理位置（geographical location），厦门大学致力于两岸（cross-strait）教育、科学和文化的交流。目前，厦门大学有三个校区，面积超过524．5公顷（hectares）。厦门大学是公认的最美丽的中国大学，这说明了为什么每年它的校园吸引了众多的游客。
【参考译文】
Since its founding, Xiamen University has produced morethan 140,000 undergraduates and graduates for the country, who are working invarious sectors of the society. The university has cooperative relations withover 100 universities and colleges both at home and abroad. Because of itsfavorable geographical location, it is engaged in cross-strait educational,scientific and cultural exchanges. At present, its three-branch campus covers atotal of over 524.5 hectares. It is recognized as the most scenic university inChina. That explains why the campus can attract so many visitors each year.
Practice 25
我国社会转型是在对外开放的环境中进行的，对外开放使我国社会文化逐步与西方文化相贯通，于是民族节日作为一种文化存在也就不能不受到外来文化的冲击和影响。因此我们不难发现，在春节、中秋节等民族节日的魅力渐减之时，一些洋节如圣诞节（Christmas）、情人节（Valentine Day）等却处于不断增势之中，它使愈来愈多的人带着几份新奇的心理卷入其中。这种现象大约就是文化全球化的一种表征吧。
【参考译文】
All the changes taken place in our society can beassociated with the opening up of China, which gives the foreign culture achance to assimilate its counterpart in China. As a result, the nationalfestival, one part of the culture, can not avoid being impacted and affected bythe foreign ones. It is not uncommon for us to see more and more Chinese peopleare, with a little curiosity, celebrating such foreign festivals as Christmasand Valentine Day while paying less and less attention to such traditionalfestivals in China as the Spring Festival or the Mid-Autumn Day. That isperhaps a symbol of the globalization.
Practice 26
最近在高校毕业生择业问题上出现一种倾向，这就是毕业生越来越青睐大公司。很少人愿意到研究单位。在崇尚物质的（materialistic）社会里，这是一个不可避免的问题。学生还没有走出校门，大公司便在竞相聘用他们，向他们提供具有诱惑力的薪水和福利待遇。这些情况不仅严重影响青年人的择业观，而且还影响了教育。许多教师哀叹，现在单纯为了学知识而学习的人越来越少了。
【参考译文】
A recentphenomenon in the choice of careers on the part of college graduates is theincreasing trend towards big companies. Few are interested in research fields. Thisis an unavoidable problem in a materialistic society，where tempting salaries andfringe benefits are offered by big companies to compete with each other torecruit students before they have completed their studies. All this has notonly seriously influenced young people's view on the choice of careers，but on education as well. Manycollege teachers deplore that fewer and fewer students these days acquireknowledge only for its own sake.
Practice 27
大学校园中已开始出现学生股民。他们涉足股市并不是为了挣钱，主要是为了解投资市场，为今后的个人理财积累一些经验，因此，其中既有学经济的，也有学法律的，甚至还有哲学专业的。他们的投资额基本在3～8万元，资金来源大多是家里人从炒股资金中抽出来额外提供的，到现在大部分人已经赔了20%～30%，多的已经赔了一半。
【参考译文】
Some college students have begun speculated stocks. Indoing so, they wish to have a basic understanding of the capital market toaccumulate a little experience in managing personal money affairs, instead ofmaking money. Among them, some major in economics, others in law, and some evenin philosophy. They got most of their money for the investment, ranging from 30thousand yuan to 80 thousand yuan, from their relatives who themselves werespeculating stocks. Up to now, most of the college students have lost 20%, 30%or even 50% of their total investments.
Practice 28
学生在校园内做点小买卖与他们走出校园卖自己在本质上都是一回事，因为两者带给人们的启发是一样的：大学该怎么培养学生的市场商业意识，让他们在合法的条件下愉快创业，并为他们创造必要的条件呢?而学校又如何在培养学生的经商意识的过程中，把学生也做成一件好卖的商品推向市场呢?毕竟，作为学校这间公司产品的大学生，拿到市场没有竞争力，大学是要关门的。
【参考译文】
Essentially, the college students are doing the same thingswhen they are selling something of little worth and when they are sellingthemselves in the society. That is because we are inspired in the same way: howcan the universities or colleges give the students a good direction of themarket so that the students can run their own business under the help of theiruniversities and colleges? In addition, how can the universities and collegesmake the students, the products of the schools, more popular in the market inthat process? After all, no universities or colleges can avoid close if theycan not make their students competitive enough in the market.
Practice 29
不管你是否意识到，汽车已融人了你的生活；不管你是否拥有一辆爱车，香车已装饰了你的梦。汽车代表的不仅仅是一辆有4个轮子的交通工具了，还是一种新生活态度。而且，汽车广告早已不像“有山必有路，有路必有××车”那么简单了。单纯卖车已经没有多少人会买你的账了。汽车商在售卖汽车之前，先要把一种与车相关的新生活方式卖给你。
【参考译文】
Private cars have penetrated into your life no matterwhether you have noticed that. They appeared in your dreams even if you do nothave one now. Today, cars cease to be a kind of simple transportation vehicles.Instead, they come to show your attitude to life. Likewise, the simpleadvertisement sentence for cars like “On every road, there is TOYOTA” can notdo today. If cars are sold simply as transportation vehicles, nobody would havethe least intention to buy them. It is absolutely necessary to “sell” you a newtype of lifestyle related with private cars before the distributors can succeedin selling their cars.
Practice 30
在北京、上海等大城市，越来越多的人已经愿意为心理测试（psychological test）支付费用，在专家的指导下去更理智更科学地去探求“一个真实的自我”。据《北京青年报》（Beijing Youth Daily）报道，在北京大学一次大规模心理咨询会上，居然排起了长队。这个现象无疑说明了两件事：一是中国人对心理咨询的态度正在逐步端正起来；二是文明进步带给现代人的心理压力大到他们无法独自消化的地步，走出来是不得已的。
【参考译文】
In such big cities as Beijing and Shanghai, more and morepeople are ready to pay for the psychological test in an effort to exam “a realself” in a more rational and scientific way under the guidance of the experts.It is reported in Beijing Youth Daily that people even stand in a longline in a large-scale consultation. That is no doubt a good testimony to thefollowing two facts. First, the Chinese people come to take a proper attitudeto the psychological consultation. Secondly, the people now in the modern timesare suffering so much of the pressure from the advance of civilization thatthey can not deal with the situation by themselves and have to ask for helpfrom the experts.
Practice 31
南京市教育局（Bureau of Education of Nanjing）规定，学校不得利用假期举办各类补习班、辅导班（remedial or tutorial classes）；假期作业控制在小学生每天一小时，中学生不超过两小时。上海也制定了类似规定。看来，把假期还给学生，已成为教育界共识。但是，习惯于用补习班、兴趣班（interest-oriented classes）安排孩子假期的家长，为安排孩子的假期生活犯了愁，孩子只顾着玩，家长们很担忧。空余时间如何度过成了新问题。
【参考译文】
The Bureau ofEducation of Nanjing stipulates that schools shall not open various kinds ofremedial or tutorial classes during school holidays, and that the dailyhomework assigned to primary school pupils shall not exceed one hour and thatfor high school students shall not exceed two hours. Similar regulations werealso announced in Shanghai. It seems that it has become a common understandingin the circles of education that school holidays should be returned to pupilsand students. However, parents are very much concerned about the arrangement oftheir children’s life during school holidays as they have been used to sendingtheir children to various remedial classes or interest-oriented classes duringschool holidays. They are worried that their children are only eager to have agood time and enjoy themselves. It poses a new problem of how to spend theirspare time.
Practice 32
越来越多的人，尤其是年轻人，他们或出于无知，或为了寻求刺激，或受到其他吸毒者的影响，成了毒品的牺牲品。在全国登记在案的吸毒人员中，80％为年轻人。因此，中国的反毒战任重而道远。我们首先要做的是提高人们对毒品危害的认识，给吸毒者以更多的帮助，使他们戒除不良的习惯，实施更严厉的法规打击毒品犯罪行为。
【参考译文】
Out of ignorance, or driven by their desire for stimulus,or simply influenced by drug-users, a growing number of people, especiallyyoungsters, have fallen victim to drugs. Of the drug addicts registeredthroughout the country, 80 percent of them are youths. Therefore, much stillremains to be done in China’s anti-drug campaign. On top of the agenda, thereis the need to raise people’s awareness of the harm of drugs, to provide morehelp for drug addicts to get rid of the unhealthy habit and to enforce stricterlaws for drug related crimes.
Practice 33
家境较为贫困的同学的理财方式比较特殊。他们的日常开销大部分靠申请助学贷款、争取奖学金和兼职打工。因此，他们学习非常刻苦，做兼职也更为持久。为了节约开支，他们的生活圈一般固定在学校里，也不会有洋快餐、唱卡拉OK（Karaoke）这类消费。这部分人对奖学金的处理方式多是缴纳学费或作为TOEFL、GRE的培训费。相信今后他们将成为社会上个人财政规划性最强的群体。
【参考译文】
To those poor students, they have a quite different way inmanaging their money affairs. They get most of the money for daily expenses byapplying for loans, trying to get scholarship or working part-time. Therefore,they work very hard and have a longer part-time work. To save money, they limittheir activities on campus and do not try such expensive consumptions asforeign fast foods and Karaoke, etc. Most of the poor students spend theirscholarship in paying their tuition or in their training for TOEFL or GRE, etc.They are expected to be the people who are most efficient in managing theirmoney affairs.
Practice 34
在培训市场火爆的背后，是“培训绝对是一种投资，可以带来巨大回报”的理念，而这种观念也已经被绝大多数的企业和职业人士所认同。据说，IBM在中国一年的培训投入就是1000万美元。对此曾有人提出减少培训支出的意见，但当时IBM表示：“如果我每年不花这些钱去培训，可能一年只能有4亿美元的收入；而现在，我们在中国一年的收入是8亿美元。”
【参考译文】
The great popularity of professional training can beattributed to the belief of people that training is a kind of investment ableto bring great returns, an idea well accepted by those entrepreneurs and CEOs.It is said that IBM invests 10 million USD every year in the training of itsemployees. When challenged about great number planned for training, IBMretorted, “We can only get a net income of 4 hundred million dollars withoutthat investment, while now we have that number doubled.”
Practice 35
在这个社交网站盛行的时代，按理说我们每人都应该有数百位朋友。但研究表明，我们中的大多数人事实上只有两个亲密的朋友，而25年前人均好友数量为三个。研究人员认为并不需要为此担心。他们指出，尽管我们当中有一部分人可能会变得“更脆弱”（"more vulnerable"），但很多人只是更善于判定谁才是自己能够信任的知己密友罢了。
【参考译文】
In this age of the social networking craze, we are allsupposed to have hundreds of friends. But in fact most of us have just twopeople we would consider to be close friends—down from an average of three 25years ago, a study claims. Researchers say this is no cause for concern.Instead, they claim that while some of us may be getting "morevulnerable", many are simply becoming more adept at deciding who they cantrust to be a close confidant.
Practice 36
当红电视选秀节目“超级女声”（Super Girl）对许多中国人来说是一个独特的文化体验，到过亚洲的游客也一定早就知道卡拉OK（karaoke）在亚洲的重要性，中国也不例外。唱歌一直是无数中国人最热衷的娱乐方式。随着今年五月第三届比赛的启动，“超级女声”依然是中国最多人收看的电视节目，这个节目也给了喜爱唱歌的女性一个梦想成真的机会。
【参考译文】
The hit televisionshow Super Girl is the unique cultural experience for many Chinese. Travelersto Asia have long known about the importance of karaoke, and China is noexception. Singing remains the most popular form of entertainment to the vastmajority of the Chinese. For the third year running, with this year’scompetition commencing in May, Super Girl remains the most eagerly anticipatedand watched television program in China. The program provides a chance for allfemale singing fanatics to make their dreams come true.
Practice 37
对“80后”（80’sbabies）来说，在那个年代出生其实挺糟糕的。在整个职业生涯中，“80后”一代在其工作生涯中，不得不肩负起前几代长辈日渐沉重的养老金负担。对绝大多数人来说（除了最优秀的人之外），得到学位的成本更高，而收益更少。与70年代初出生的人相比，70年代末出生的人，无论男女，几乎所有各科的回报率都有明显下降。在劳动力市场还太缺乏经验的“80后’’应该小心了。
【参考译文】
For the 80’s babies, it was a rotten time to be born. Throughout their working life the 80’s babies will have to fund an increasing pension’s burden from previous generations. A degree costs more and yieldsless for everyone but the very brightest. There has been a marked fall inreturns across almost all subjects for both men and women for those born in thelate 1970’s, compared with those born in the early 1970’s. The 80’s generation who are still too inexperienced in the labor market should beware.
Practice 38
私家车与商品房（commodityhouses）在争夺人们心中消费第一支出的位置，这本身就是对传统安居乐业观念的超越与颠覆。买商品房是一种相当静态的保值型投资，这种不动产提供的封闭空间，客观上将人的生活固定在一种保守的模式上；而买车是一种积极的动态投资，就汽车本身来说会越来越贬值，但在社交的意义和精神需要上，它能自由地将人带往很远的地方和更大的圈子，使人与城市产生更活跃的交流。
【参考译文】
The fact that private cars are competing with commodityhouses to be the first consideration in people’s consumption itself shows thatthe traditional idea of sticking to a certain place is challenged. The purchaseof commodity houses is a kind of inflation proof investment. By limiting peoplein an isolated space, houses provide a type of conservative lifestyle. Thepurchase of private cars, however, is greatly different in that the privatecars can easily take people to remoter places and into larger societies to havea wider communication in the city, no matter socially or spiritually, althoughthe cars begin to devalue the very moment people buy them.
Practice 39
许多专家认为，教学改革的当务之急是要改变现在的课程（curriculum）设置和考试办法，他们指出，教育改革的关键在于使全社会认识到中、小学教育的目的不只是让学生掌握必要的知识，更应该提高学生整体素质，特别是他们对于人生意义和社会责任这些根本性的问题要有比较深入的思考。学校要在这些方面深入研究，选择合适的内容和方式引导和帮助学生形成正确的观点。
【参考译文】
Many experts hold the idea that the top priority in thereform of educational system should be given to the improvement and reform incurriculum and examination system. They point out that the key of the reform inthe education system is a well-shared awareness that the primary and secondaryeducations are there, instead of simply offering the knowledge important to thestudents, to improve the students in an all-round way, and especially to guidethem to a careful pondering over such fundamental issues as life itself andsocial responsibility. As to the schools, they try their best to get a betterway to gradually guide the students to an appropriate view over the worldaround them.
Practice 40
金融危机对中国实体经济（real economy）的影响日益显现。从去年第三季度以来，出口大幅下滑，经济增速放缓，就业压力加大。中国经济面临着严峻的局面。面对危机，我们果断决策，及时调整宏观经济政策（macroeconomic policy）取向，迅速出台扩大国内需求的十项措施，陆续制定了一系列政策，形成了系统完整的促进经济平稳较快发展的一揽子计划（macroeconomic policy）。
【参考译文】
The fallout ofthe financial crisis on China's real economy is becoming more evident. Since thethird quarter of last year, our exports have declined sharply, economic growthhas slowed down, and the pressure on employment has been rising. In the face ofthe grim situation, we have acted decisively. We have made timely adjustment tothe direction of our macroeconomic policy, promptly introduced ten measures toexpand domestic demand, and formulated a series of related policies. Together,they make up a systematic and comprehensive package plan aimed at promotingsteady and relatively fast economic growth.
Practice 41
今天的世界各国，经济上的相互依存更加密切。如果发展中国家的困难长期得不到解决，经济得不到发展，发达国家的经济要持续保持稳定增长，也将是困难的。在商品、贸易、债务、资金、货币（currency）和金融等领域，采取有效措施，改善发展中国家面临的外部环境，以利于发展中国家恢复增长和发展，这是当前国际经济领域（economic sphere）中的一项紧迫任务。这样做也有利于世界经济的稳定和增长。
【参考译文】
In thepresent-day world, there is even more inter-dependence among countries.Developed countries will find it difficult to maintain their economic growth ifdeveloping countries long remain in difficulties and their economies cannotmove ahead. It is an urgent task in the international economic sphere toimprove, by effective measures, the external environment of developingcountries in such fields as commodity, trade, debt, capital, currency andfinance. This will contribute not only to resuming growth of developingcountries, but also the stability and growth of the world economy.
Practice 42
中国与西方国家的合作是互利的。中国经济的发展，不仅改善了本国人民的生活，也为世界经济的增长提供了新的推动力，为发达国家提供了更多的商业机会。中国是一个潜力巨大的新兴市场，西方国家技术先进，资金雄厚，两者经济上具有很强的互补性。西方一些国家对华采取歧视性的贸易政策（discriminatory trade policies），不仅损人，最终也会损害自己的利益。
【参考译文】
Such co-operationbetween China and the Western countries is a mutually beneficial one. Economicgrowth in China has not only improved the living standards of its own people, butalso provided a fresh driving force to world economic growth, together withgreater business opportunities for developed countries. China is a newlyemerging market with enormous potential，while the Western countries boast advanced technology and abundantcapital. The two sides are highly complementary economically. Thediscriminatory trade policies against China adopted by some Western countries, whileharming others, will in the end undermine their own interests.
Practice 43
目前国际经济环境更趋严峻复杂，金融动荡加剧（exacerbatedfinancial volatility），经济明显减速；另一方面，国内价格上涨压力仍然很大，农业基础还很薄弱，能源资源制约经济发展的矛盾比较突出，部分行业和企业生产经营困难，金融领域存在不少隐患。但是，中国正处在工业化、城市化加快发展的阶段，经济增长潜力很大。今后一个比较长的时期，中国发展仍处于重要战略机遇期。
【参考译文】
Currently, the world economic environment is gettingtougher and more complex, with exacerbated financial volatility and notableeconomic slowdown. Second, pressure for domestic price rises remains high. Thefoundation of agriculture is still weak. The constraint on development posed byenergy and resources is serious. Some industries and businesses are havingdifficulties with production and management, while hidden problems still existin the financial sector. However, China, in the stage of rapidindustrialization and urbanization, has huge potential for economic growth andthe important period of strategic opportunities for China’s development willlast quite a long time.
Practice 44
中国加入世界贸易组织的谈判已经进行了15年。中国的立场始终如一（consistent stance）。加入世界贸易组织后，中国将有步骤地扩大商品和服务贸易领域的对外开放，为国内外企业创造公开、统一、平等竞争的条件，建立和健全符合国际经济通行规则、符合中国国情的对外经济贸易体制，为国外企业来华进行经贸合作提供更多、更稳定的市场准入机会。
【参考译文】
During the 15 years of negotiations on China’s entry intothe WTO, China has maintained consistent stance. After its accession into the WTO,China will steadily open wider to the outside world in the sectors of commodityand service trade, create favorable conditions for open, unified competition onan trade and economic system that conforms to the international norms foreconomic activities and suits China’s national conditions, and provideincreased and stabilized market access for foreign enterprises to enter intoeconomic and trade cooperation with China.
Practice 45
中国政府十分重视同加拿大双边经贸关系的发展，并且非常赞赏加中贸易理事会为加强我们这两个伟大国家商业界的联系而做出的努力和起到的桥梁作用。我感谢理事会所有成员为促进加中贸易做出的努力。加拿大是一个工业发达、资源丰富的国家，中国则是一个劳动力充足、市场巨大的国家。我们希望看到加拿大的企业（enterprises）能够充分利用自己在技术和财力上的优势，赢得中国市场。
【参考译文】
The Chinesegovernment attaches great importance to the development of bilateral economicand trade relations and appreciates the efforts made by Canadian-Chinese TradeCouncil serving as a bridge linking the business communities of our two greatnations. I commend all the members of the Council for their efforts in promotingtrade with China. Canada is a country with well-developed industries andabundant resources, while China has a plentiful supply of labor force and apotential huge market. We hope to see Canadian enterprises make full use oftheir technical and financial advantages and compete well in the Chinesemarket.
Practice 46
宾馆的商务中心提供图文传真（facsimile）、复印（photocopying）、多语种打字（multi-lingual word-processing）及翻译、邮电、订票等服务。宾馆还随时提供客房送餐服务。宾馆曾多次安排国内外重要会议，接待经验丰富，并有足够供会议代表团和旅游团体使用的停车泊位，是国内外教育界、科技界、文艺界专家学者以及其他各界人士开展学术研究和文化交流的理想场所。
【参考译文】
The BusinessCenter of the hotel features a variety of services including facsimile,photocopying, multi-lingual word-processing and translation, post andtelecommunication, and ticket booking. On top of that, the hotel providesguests with room service meals upon request. The hotel has successfully hostedquite a few important domestic and international conferences. Its recognizedexperience in providing adequate accommodations for such activities, coupledwith its sufficient parking space for conference delegations and touristgroups, renders the hotel an ideal location of academic and cultural exchangefor international and Chinese scholars and specialists in such fields aseducation, science and technology, and literary and art, as well as for peoplewith other professional backgrounds.
Practice 47
随着外资银行在中国消费者中知晓度的提升，中外资银行的竞争在加剧。同时，年轻人群体正在迅速崛起，成为使用银行服务和金融投资产品的驱动力。在上海、北京和广州，中国消费者对外资银行的知晓度每年都在提升。如今，在中国的金融中心上海，很多消费者能够在不提示的情况下举出一家外资银行的名字，
【参考译文】
Competition between domestic and foreign banks has intensifiedas foreign players generate increased awareness among Chinese consumers.Meanwhile the youth segment is fast emerging as a driving force behind bankusage and financial investment products. Chinese consumers’ awareness offoreign banks has increased year-on-year across Shanghai, Beijing andGuangzhou. Today many Chinese consumers in Shanghai, where China’s financialcentre resides, are able to name a foreign bank without being prompted.
Practice 48
如果没有发达的物流系统（logistics system）将货物分发到全球市场，即使一个区域的生产能力再强，所有生产都将是无用的劳动。在“泛珠’（Pan-PRD）这个面积和人口占全国人口三分之一的大区域里，要实现整体的经济一体化以发挥该区域的综合竞争优势，首先要实现的是实物商品的高度流通。因此，一个高效的区域物流体系则是必不可少的。
【参考译文】
Without awell-developed logistics system to distribute goods to the global market, nomatter how strong a region is in its productive capacity, production will befruitless. In order to achieve overall economic integration and bring into playthe competitive edge of the region as an integrated whole in this huge Pan-PRDregion with one-third of China’s total area and population, it is necessaryfirst of all to achieve the smooth flow of physical goods. As such, a highlyefficient regional logistics system is indispensable.
Practice 49
金融体制改革是我们经济体制改革的重头戏。中国金融体系存在许多问题，最主要的就是银行不良贷款比例较高，存在着很大的金融隐患。主要原因在于体制，必须加快对银行体制的改革。我们的目标是建立现代银行制度，使银行能够成为自主经营、自负盈亏、真正的商业银行。我们要创造条件实行银行公司治理结构的改造，实行股份制（share-holding system），具备条件的，允许上市。
【参考译文】
Financial reformis the most difficult and the most crucial part of our overall economicreforms. The financial sector in China has been plagued by many problems. Thebiggest problem is the fairly high proportion of non-performing loans frombanks. There exists significant risk. The problem is caused by defects in thesystem. So we have to accelerate the reform of the banking system. Our aim isto put in place a modern banking system whereby the banks will be commercialbanks in a true sense, responsible for their own operation decisions and fortheir profits and losses. On our part, we will help create conditions thatfacilitate（s）corporate governance amongbanks through the share-holding system. Those that meet the conditions can gopublic.
Practice 50
矿产资源（mineral resources）是自然资源的重要组成部分，是人类社会发展的重要物质基础。中国是世界上最早开发利用矿产资源的国家之一。过去50 年，中国在矿产资源勘探开发方面取得巨大成就。这为中国经济的持续、快速、健康发展提供了重要保障。中国政府高度重视可持续发展和矿产资源的合理利用，把可持续发展确定为国家战略，把保护资源作为可持续发展战略的重要内容。
【参考译文】
Mineralresources are an important part of natural resources and an important materialfoundation for the development of human society. China is one of the firstcountries in the world to develop and utilize resources. Over the past fivedecades, China has made great achievements in the survey and development of itsmineral resources. This has provided an important guarantee for the sustained,rapid and sound development of the Chinese economy. The Chinese Governmentattaches great importance to sustainable development and the rationalutilization of mineral resources. It has made sustainable development anational strategy and the protection of resources an important part of thisstrategy.
Practice 51
在剧烈竞争下，市场需要往往会让位于竞争需要。各高科技公司不得不投下巨额资金发展新项目，还得避开知识产权纠纷（infringements）。结果是改头换面（repackage），换汤不换药的技术和产品成堆。抢不到市场则损失惨重。一些大公司为了保住自己的垄断地位（monopolies），常常制造一些假象（smoke screens），小公司往往被误导而争先恐后地去跟风，最后陷入困境，幸运的被合并，倒霉的破产。
【参考译文】
In a highlycompetitive environment, the needs of the market usually give way to the needfor competition. Hi-tech companies have to invest huge amounts of money intonew projects. To avoid intellectual property rights infringements, they mustrepackage similar ideas and technologies. As a result, redundant products floodthe market. Those who cannot grab a share of the market will suffer greatlosses. To maintain their monopolies, some big companies create smoke screensto lure small companies into developing the latest faddish products. Thesesmall companies often land themselves in deep trouble. Those that are lucky getabsorbed by bigger companies, while the unlucky ones go under.
Practice 52
在这样的市场中，商品供应通常很有灵活性。无论从眼前还是从长远看，对于制造商来说，供应随着市场的需求而变化。改变一个公司的产量结构要比改变一个矿井或农场的生产容易。当需求变化不太快的时候，可以把从一家工厂所获得的毛利抽走（siphon off）投资在其他不同的产品上。生意好的时候，就不断进行新的投资以使生产能力满足日益变化的需求。
【参考译文】
In this type ofmarket, supply normally is very elastic. In the long run, as well as in theshort, supply is responsive to demand in the market for manufactures. It iseasier to change the composition of a firm’s output than it is to change theproduction of a mine or a plantation. And when changes in demand are not toorapid, gross profits from one plant can be siphoned off and invested insomething quite different. When business is good, moreover, there is continualnew investment so that productive capacity is adapted to meeting changingrequirements.
Practice 53
虽然科学界对全球变暖的影响程度尚有歧见，但若人类对温室效应造成的危险置之不理，无异于玩火自焚。为避免温室效应加剧，从个人角度来看我们可以做的就是降低对化石燃料的依赖、减少用电，并采取最不耗损自然资源的生活方式。在政府这个层面，世界大部份的工业化国家，已在一九九七年所签定的京都议定书（Kyoto Agreement）中，宣誓将做到气体排放减量。
【参考译文】
Although thereis disagreement within the scientific community about the extent of globalwarming, humans would be playing with fire if we were to ignore the danger itposes .As individuals, we can reduce our reliance on fossil fuels, use lesselectricity and adopt lifestyles that minimize the use of natural resources. Onthe governmental level, most of the world’s industrialized nations have pledgedto cut gas emissions under the Kyoto Agreement in 1997.
Practice 54
中国科学家发现了可能是世界上最大、最深、最高的大峡谷（gorge）。该大峡谷叫做雅鲁藏布大峡谷（Yarlung Zangbo Gorge），长300多英里，穿过喜马拉雅山（Himalayas）直到中印边界，平均深度约达7000英尺湍急的水流、茂密的森林和森然的峭壁，是这个原始地区的特征。专家们认为这个大峡谷是20世纪末最伟大的地理发现之一，它在科学上的重要性可与美国大峡谷（Grand Canyon）相提并论。10月18日，一支由50多名研究人员组成的跨学科考察队开始首次穿越这一过去无人知晓的地区。
【参考译文】
Chinesescientists have discovered what may well be the largest, deepest and highestgorge in the world called Yarlung Zangbo Gorge, this massive gorge extends morethan 300 miles, through the Himalayas; to near Sino-Indian border. The averagedepth is about 7,000 feet. Fast flowing water, along with dense forests andsteep cliffs, characterize this wild region. Experts have termed this gorge oneof the greatest geographic discoveries of the late 20th century, equal inscientific importance to America's Grand Canyon. On October 18th, across-disciplinary team of more than 50 researchers began the first-ever trekthrough this previously unknown territory.
Practice 55
能源是人类社会赖以生存和发展的重要物质基础。纵观人类社会发展的历史，人类文明的每一次重大进步都伴随着能源的改进和更替（substitutions）。能源的开发利用极大地推进了世界经济和人类社会的发展。过去100多年里，发达国家先后完成了工业化，消耗了地球上大量的自然资源，特别是能源资源。当前，一些发展中国家正在步人工业化阶段，能源消费增加是经济社会发展的客观必然。
【参考译文】
Energy is an essential material basis for human survivaland development. Over the entire history of mankind, each and every significantstep in the progress of human civilization has been accompanied by energyinnovations and substitutions. The development and utilization of energy hasenormously boosted the development of the world economy and human society. Overmore than 100 years in the past, developed countries have completed theirindustrialization, consuming an enormous quantity of natural resources,especially energy resources, in the process. Today, some developing countriesare ushering in their own era of industrialization, and an increase of energyconsumption is inevitable for their economic and social development.
Practice 56
环境保护是我国的基本国策（basicstate policies），也是提高人民生活质量的重要条件。我们必须加强对耕地（arable land）、水、树林、草原、矿产、海洋、生物等资源的管理和保护，实行资源有偿使用制度，促进资源的节约与合理利用。我们必须正确处理发展经济同人口、资源、环境的关系，合理开发和综合利用资源。我们要努力保护和改善生态环境，使经济发展既满足当代人的需要，又造福于子孙后代。
【参考译文】
Environmental protection are China’s basic state policiesand vital to improving the quality of people’s lives. We must tighten controlover and protection of arable land, water, forests, grasslands, and mineral,sea and biological resources. We should institute a system of paid use ofnatural resources to ensure economical and rational uses. We, therefore, mustcorrectly handle the relationships between economic development on the onehand, and population growth, natural resources consumption and theenvironmental protection on the other. We should exploit our natural resourcesmore rationally and make use of them in an integrated manner. We should do ourbest to protect and improve our ecological environment, so as to ensure thatour economic development will not only meet the current needs of thisgeneration, but benefit future generations.
Practice 57
污染已成为问题，因为在当今人口越来越多，社会越来越工业化的世界上，人类正在污染他们居住的环境。许多科学家认为人类最大的错误是把发展和进步等同起来。现在人们以怀疑的态度看待“发展性”的产业，因为它们的副作用会破坏环境，破坏各种生命之间的关系。人口的增长导致对世界上有限的空气、水和土地的需求不断增长。
【参考译文】
Pollution is aproblem because man, in an increasingly populated and industrialized world, isupsetting the environment in which he lives. Many scientists maintain that oneof man’s greatest errors has been to equate growth with advancement. Now“growth” industries are being looked on with suspicion in case their sideeffects damage the environment and disrupt the relationship of different formsof life, the growing population makes increasing demands on the world’s fixedsupply of air, water and land.
Practice 58
随着我们越来越富裕，有一些污染物有所减少。但二氧化碳（carbon dioxide）始终伴随着我们的经济增长。正如哈佛大学经济学家弗里德曼（Friedman）去年指出的那样，二氧化碳是环境污染的一大要素，而且未曾有研究能够说明，随着生活水平的提高，二氧化碳排放会有所减轻。这意味着我们要去应对全球变暖问题，或许也就不得不去应对无限制的经济扩张所带来的后果。
【参考译文】
Some pollutants decrease as we get richer. But carbondioxide consistency tracks economic growth. As Harvard economist Friedmanconcluded last year, CO 2 is “the one major environmental contaminantfor which no study has ever found any indication of improvement as livingstandards rise.” This means that if we’re going to cope with global warming, wemay also have to cope with the end of infinite economic expansion.
Practice 59
使用化石燃料（如石油、煤）或大面积砍伐森林（deforestation），是地球大气“温室气体”不断增加的两大因素。这些气体所吸收的热能4越来越多，最终将改变天气型态、造成海平面与海洋温度的上升，以及形成有害于植物、野生动物和人类栖息地的气候反常。虽然科学界对全球变暖的影响程度尚有歧见，但若人类对温室效应造成的危险置之不理，无异于玩火自焚。
【参考译文】
The use offossil fuels such as petroleum and coal and the deforestation of large areasare the two major factors behind rising levels of “greenhouse gases” in theEarth’s atmosphere. As these gases retain more and more heat energy，the eventual results will bealtered weather patterns, an increase in sea levels and ocean temperatures, anddisruptive climate changes that affect the habitats of plants, wildlife andhumans. Although there is disagreement within the scientific community aboutthe extent of global warming, humans would be playing with fire, if we were toignore the danger it poses.
Practice 60
随着世界各国对节约能源投以越来越多的关注，建筑师（architects）也渐渐地将环保理念融入设计中。广泛使用集热的太阳能板，也被视为“绿色建筑”的下一波大事。太阳能板可收集太阳生成的热能，以提供灯具或其他家用电器的电力。在大家对化石燃料是否有耗尽的一天仍然争论不休之际，风力和热力（architects）也被认为是很好的替代能源。
【参考译文】
With growingconcern about energy conservation the world over, more and more architects havetried to incorporate environmentalism into their designs. The use of solarpanels, which collect the sun's energy to power lights and other electricalappliances, has been widely touted as the next big thing in green buildings. Asthe debate over the potential exhaustion of fossil fuels rages on, wind andthermal power are also considered good alternatives.
Practice 61
中国东北辽宁省被证实埋藏有丰富的古化石。在这些令人惊奇的发现小有一种被称作“中华龙鸟”（“Chinese Dragon Bird”）的古生物，可能有着史前恐龙与现代鸟类之间的基因联系；还有迄今为止所发现的最占老的两栖类动物（amphibian）化石，一棵古老的果树残余以及世界上最古老的花。毫不奇怪，辽宁省现在吸引了世界各地许多杰出的研究人员。这里发现的化石为深入研究地球这一行星的历史提供了激动人心的新视角。
【参考译文】
LiaoningProvince, in northeast China, has proven to have rich source of ancientfossils. Among the amazing discoveries found there is the so-called “Chinese DragonBird,” a creature that may be the genetic link between prehistoric dinosaursand modern-day birds; the oldest fossilized amphibian ever recovered theremnants of an ancient fruit tree; and the world's oldest flower. Notsurprisingly, Liaoning Province now attracts leading researchers from aroundthe world. The fossils found there are providing dramatic new insights into thehistory of Planet Earth.
Practice 62
尽管中国能源消费增长较快，但人均能源消费水平还很低，仅相当于世界平均水平的四分之三，人均石油消费只相当于世界平均水平的二分之一，石油人均进口量也只相当于世界平均水平的四分之一，远低于世界发达国家水平。中国过去不曾、现在没有、将来也不会对世界能源安全构成威胁。中国将继续以本国能源的可持续发展促进世界能源的可持续发展，为维护世界能源安全作出积极贡献。
【参考译文】
Though China’s energy consumption is growing rapidly, itsper-capita energy consumption level is still fairly low—only aboutthree-fourths of the world’s average. The figures for China’s per-capita oilconsumption and imports account for only one half and one quarter of theworld’s average, respectively, far below the level of the developed countries.China did not, does not and will not pose any threat to the world’s energysecurity. China will continue to maintain its sustainable energy developmentand make it promote the sustainable development of the world’s energyresources, thus making positive contributions to the world’s energy security.
Practice 63
计划生育和环境保护是我国的基本国策（basic state policies），也是提高人民生活质量的重要条件。我们要重点抓好农村和流动人口的计划生育管理和服务，控制人口增长。我们要加强优生优育工作，增强人口素质。我们必须加强对耕地、水、树林、草原、矿产、海洋、生物等资源的管理和保护，实行资源有偿使用制度，促进资源的节约与合理利用。
【参考译文】
Family planningand environmental protection are China’s basic state policies and vital toimproving the quality of people’s lives. We should concentrate our efforts onthe management of family planning and related services in rural areas and amongthe floating population so as to control population growth. We should improveprenatal and postnatal care and foster physical fitness among the population. Wemust tighten control over and protection of arable land, water, forests,grasslands, and mineral, sea and biological resources. We should institute asystem of paid use of natural resources to ensure economical and rational uses.
Practice 64
矿产资源是自然资源的重要组成部分，是人类社会发展的重要物质基础。中国是世界上最早开发利用矿产资源的国家之一。过去50年，中国在矿产资源勘探开发方面取得巨大成就。这为中国经济的持续、快速、健康发展提供了重要保障。中国政府高度重视可持续发展和矿产资源的合理利用，把可持续发展确定为国家战略，把保护资源作为可持续发展战略的重要内容。
【参考译文】
Mineralresources are an important part of natural resources and an important materialfoundation for the development of human society. China is one of the firstcountries in the world to develop and utilize resources. Over the past fivedecades, China has made great achievements in the survey and development of itsmineral resources. This has provided an important guarantee for the sustained,rapid and sound development of the Chinese economy. The Chinese Governmentattaches great importance to sustainable development and the rationalutilization of mineral resources. It has made sustainable development anational strategy and the protection of resources an important part of thisstrategy.
Practice 65
中国民俗文化村（China Folk Culture Villages）是国内第一个荟萃各民族的民间、民俗风情和民居建筑于一园的大型文化游览区。它坐落在风光秀丽的深圳湾畔（Shenzhen Bay），占地18万平方米。您可以在一日之内，或乘车，或步行，或乘船在村寨里尽情游历，除了可以了解各民族的建筑风格之外，还可以欣赏和参与各民族的歌舞表演、民族工艺品生产和民族风味食品制作的表演。
【参考译文】
China FolkCulture Villages, the first large culture sightseeing spot within the country,combines the populace, folk customs and popular architecture of each ethnicexcellence in a garden. Located in the scenic splendors of Shenzhen Bay, itcovers an area of 180,000 square meters. You may tour around the villages bycar, by boat or on foot. Not only can you get to know the architecture style ofeach nationality but also enjoy and participate in the ethnic singing anddancing performance, as well as the making of the ethnic crafts and cui- sine.
Practice 66
桂林在发展旅游业中，着力于风景建设，漓江的综合治理，改善和提高旅游接待能力等方面。近二十多年来，桂林旅游业有了长足的发展，基本形成了具有多功能、多层次的旅游产业结构和全方位、高质量的旅游接待服务体系，成为中外瞩目的旅游热点城市。近些年来，桂林接待入境游客数始终排在全国旅游城市的前十名之内。
【参考译文】
During theprocess of developing a tourist industry, Guilin attached great importance toconstructing tourist attractions, maintaining the Li River, and improving itscapacity to receive tourists. After more than 20 years' development, Guilin hasmade remarkable progress in the tourist industry, basically forming amulti-functional and multi-level system as well as overall high-quality touristreception capacity. Guilin has become a world-renowned tourist city. In recentyears, Guilin has always ranked within the top 10 in terms of international tourist arrivals.
Practice 67
旅游是一种集观光、娱乐、健身为一体的愉快而美好的活动。旅游业随着时代进步而不断发展。20世纪中叶以来，现代旅游在世界范围迅速兴起，旅游人数不断增加，旅游产业规模持续扩大，旅游经济地位显著提升，旅游活动日益成为各国人民交流文化、增进友谊、扩大交往的重要渠道，对人类生活和社会进步产生越来越广泛的影响。
【参考译文】
Tourism is apopular and pleasant activity that combines sightseeing, recreation and healthcare. With the passage of time, tourism has been developing. Since the middleof the 20th century, tourism has been growing at a fast pace around the world.The number of tourists has been rising, the scale of the tourism industry hasconstantly been expanding, and the importance of tourism in the economy hasgrown obviously. Tourism acts gradually as an important bridge for culturalexchange and friendship, and it exerts a steadily broadening influence on dailylife and social progress among people of various countries.
Practice 68
长江（Yangtze River）是亚洲最长、世界第三长的河流，全长六千三百公里。长江对于中国经济起着十分重要的作用。长江为农业提供灌溉用水，沿岸还有许多旅游景点。长江三角洲（delta）拥有包括铁路和高速公路在内的、庞大的交通网络，并有中国最大的海港。该地区有五个大型飞机场，你可以乘飞机前往地区内的任何地方，不出一小时就能抵达。
【参考译文】
The Yangtze River is the longest river in Asia and thethird longest in the world, which flows a distance of 6,300 km. Yangtze plays a very important role in China’s economy. It provides water for agricultural irrigation. Besides, there are many scenic spots alongshore. The delta has a veryextensive transportation network that includes railways and expressways. Italso owns the largest seaport of the country. There are five major airports inthe area, which makes it possible for one to fly between any two places in thedelta within one hour.
Practice 69
在中国，很多人为有更好的工作机会而跨省市工作着。一年的辛勤工作后，他们十分看重春节与家人的团聚。近年来，中国人流动日渐增加；随着旅游政策的松动，很多人正选择出境游以度过一周的长假。在冬季假期中，南下度假成为很多人的首选——香港、澳门以及其他亚洲地区成为最受中国出境游客（outputted travelers）欢迎的旅游目的地。
【参考译文】
In China, many people work across cities or provinces forbetter job opportunities, and after a year's hard work, the Spring Festival anda family reunion are occasions they have been looking forward to. Inrecent years Chinese people have become increasingly mobile, and with therelaxation in travel policy, many are choosing to spend the week-long vacationoutside the country. During this winter holiday period; it seems that goingsouth is the preferred choice for a lot of Chinese travelers with Hong Kong,Macao and the rest of Asia as the most popular destinations among Chineseoutputted travelers.
Practice 70
深圳是中国的第一个经济特区（SpecialEconomic Zone），经过20多年的发展，深圳已经成为中国主要的经济中心之一，为未来城市发展奠定了基础。作为中国主要的对外贸易和国际交往口岸，其城市建设取得了辉煌成就。深圳不但有一个良好的投资环境，而且还有一个优美的旅游环境。深圳先后被评为“国家花园城市”和“环境保护的典范城市”。随着经济的迅速发展，旅游业欣欣向荣。
【参考译文】
With more than 20 years of development, Shenzhen, the firstSpecial Economic Zone in China, has established itself as one of the maineconomic centers in China and has laid the foundation for a new phase of urbangrowth. As an important foreign trade and international exchange port in China,Shenzhen has made brilliant achievements in the urban construction and boastsits fine environment for both investment and tourism. Shenzhen has been electedas a "Garden City of the Nation" and a” Model City in EnvironmentalProtection ". With its rapid development in economy, Shenzhen hasexperienced a boom in tourism.
Practice 71
中国正日益成为外国游客的目的地。中国一度被认为不是理想的旅游目的地，但现在已拥有很多国际水准（caliber）的新宾馆。古城西安是中国最著名的旅游城市之一，它建于公元前2世纪，以古老建筑以及保卫中国第一皇帝（秦始皇）陵墓的象征性军队的兵马俑（terra cotta “warriors and horses”）而著称于世。北京是另一个广受欢迎的旅游胜地。作为有700多年历史的古都，它是故宫、紫禁城、颐和园的所在地。
【参考译文】
Increasingly,China is becoming a destination for international tourists. Once considered adifficult place to visit, China now has many new, international caliber hotels.One of the best-known places to visit in China is the ancient city of Xi'an.Built in the second century BC, the city is famous for its historicarchitecture, as well as a symbolic “army” of terra cotta “warriors and horses”which guards the tomb of China's first emperor, Qinshihuang. Beijing is anotherpopular destination. As China's capital for more than 700 years, it is the homeof the Palace Museum, the Forbidden City and the Summer Palace.
Practice 72
苏州是世界上著名的园林城市，位于长江下游（LowerYangtze basin），紧靠太湖，拥有2500多年的历史，风景优美，文化遗产丰富。公元前514年吴国建都苏州后，苏州已经成为地区的政治中枢、经济枢纽和文化中心。苏州古典园林数量惊人，艺术登峰造极，在中国享有盛誉，人称“人间天堂”。苏州园林面积不大，但是小桥流水，石林假山，花草树木，建筑各异，引发无限遐想，是一个自成一体的微观（microcosm）世界。
【参考译文】
Suzhou is a city famous around the world for its classicalgardens with a history of more than 2,500 years. It is situated in the LowerYangtze basin by the side of the Taihu Lake boasting splendid scenery and richcultural heritage. Ever since the founding of Suzhou as the capital of the WuKingdom in 514 B. C., it has been the political, economic and cultural centerof the region. With their numerical superiority and artistic perfection, theclassical gardens of Suzhou have had a good reputation in this part of China,popularly known as “the earthly paradise”. Laid out within a limited area, aclassical garden of Suzhou is a microcosm of the world made of the basicelements of water and bridges, stones and rockeries, plants and variousbuildings with literary allusions.
Practice 73
黄山位于安徽省南部黄山市，为峰林状花岗岩（granite）高山构成的山岳风景名胜区。山体伟特，玲珑巧石，万姿千态。黄山美在奇松、怪石、云海、温泉“四绝”。黄山雨量充沛，林木繁茂，云蒸雾涌，自然景色变幻莫测。黄山以非凡的自然美赢得“五岳归来不看山，黄山归来不看岳”的美誉。北海（North Sea）是黄山中部的一个景区，是欣赏日出和日落的最佳场所。
【参考译文】
The Huangshan mountain range, located in the Huangshan Cityin the south of Anhui Province, is a tourist attraction of granite mountains.Its splendor is accompanied with exquisite stones and varying landscapes. Mt.Huangshan is known worldwide for its four unique elements: pine forests,fantastic rocks, the sea of clouds, and hot springs. It boasts widely varyingnatural landscapes with adequate rainfall, thick forests, frequent clouds andmists. And there goes the saying “China’s five great mountains tops all and theHuangshan Mountain tops the five”. The North Sea Scenic Area in the summit areaof Mt. Huangshan is an ideal place to view the sunrise and sunset.
Practice 74
颐和园的面积达2．9平方公里，其中四分之三是在水下。它有各种宫殿、园林及其他建筑类型。它因汇集了众多文化遗产（cultural relics）而著名。它是中国历史文化遗址中第一批受到国家特殊保护的。颐和园最早建于l750年。自中华人民共和国成立以来，颐和园经历了几次大规模翻修。在设计及施工这两方面，颐和园是一座中国古典建筑的里程碑。它借鉴了周围的景观，不但展示了宏伟的皇家园林（imperial garden b），还有大自然的美景。
【参考译文】
The Summer Palace covers an area of 2.9 square kilometers,three quarters of which is under water. It features a variety of palaces,gardens and other architectural structures. It is well known for its largecollection of cultural relics. It is among the first of historical and culturalheritage sites in China to be placed under special state protection. The SummerPalace was first constructed in 1750．Since the founding ofthe People’s Republic of China, the Summer Palace has undergone several majorrenovations. The Summer Palace is a monument to classical Chinese architecture,in terms of both design and construction. It borrows scenes from surroundinglandscapes. It displays not only the grandeur of an imperial garden but alsothe beauty of nature.
Practice 75
石头与假山（imperial garden b）是中国南方园林的特色。奇形怪状的石头常带有引人注目的波纹线条（undulated lines）和水孔。硕大的石头可自成一景，而较小的石块则堆积成假山，为园林增添无比魅力。走廊是中国园林的另一大特色，有河边的河廊，花丛中的花廊，柳树丛中的柳廊，竹林中的竹廊。对客人来说，这些走廊可谓是优秀导游，在一座大花园里沿廊而行，可以观赏园内的各处景观。
【参考译文】
Rocks androckeries are special features of southern Chinese gardens. Stones of grotesqueforms are often attractive with undulated lines and water holes. Some largestones form sceneries of their own, while smaller ones are put together to formartificial hills to add to the fantastic attractiveness of the garden.Corridors form another feature of Chinese gardens. There are water corridorsbuilt along a riverside, flower corridors inserted among flowers, willowcorridors among rows of willow, and bamboo corridors among rows of bamboo. Forvisitors, these corridors are good travel guides leading to various views of abig garden.
Practice 76
黄浦江纵横南北，把上海分为两部分。浦东因位于黄浦江以东而得名。本世纪20～30年代，随着以外滩为核心的金融、商贸区的建立，外商和我国民族资本开始把经济活动伸向浦东地区。但黄浦江的阻隔，极大地影响了浦东的经济发展。浦江两岸形成了一边是万商云集的十里洋场（foreign concessions），一边是以自然农作物为主的大片农田的鲜明对照。
【参考译文】
The Huangpu River flows across Shanghai from north tosouth, dividing the city into two parts. Historically, Pudong got its name fromits location on the east bank of the Huangpu River. In the 1920s and 1930s whenthe finance and business trade district centering at the Bund was established,foreign businessmen and Chinese national capitalists began to extend theireconomic activities to the Pudong area. However, inconvenient transportation tocross the river greatly affected the economic development of Pudong. There wasa striking contrast between the long stretch of foreign concessions frequentedby thousands of merchants on one side of the Huangpu River and the vast patchof natural crops on the other side.
Practice 77
浦江游览过程中可看到横跨浦江两岸的杨浦大桥、南浦大桥和上海东方明珠广播电视塔（the Oriental Pearl Radio and TV Tower.）。两座大桥，像两条巨龙横卧于（reclining on）黄浦江上，中间是东方明珠电视塔，正好构成了一幅“二龙戏珠”的巨幅画卷，而浦江西岸一幢幢风格迥异充满浓郁异国色彩的万国建筑与浦东东岸一幢幢拔地而起高耸云间的现代建筑相映成辉，令人目不暇接。
【参考译文】
Along the river, you will enjoy the view of Yangpu Bridge,Nanpu Bridge spanning across the river and the Oriental Pearl Radio and TVTower. The two bridges, like two giant dragons reclining on the river, form atraditional Chinese painting of Two Dragons Playing Pearl with the towerstanding in between. The variegated buildings of western styles along thewestern bank of the river and the modern architectures towering along theeastern bank enhance the beauty of each other in complement and the scenicviews come in such succession that fascinate the visitors.
Practice 78
南方私家花园中的溪、桥、山、亭（pavilion），小巧玲珑，布局精明，尽显其自然美，令人赏心悦目。园内的小溪虽占地不多，却同小桥与石屿（islets）相得益彰，浑然一体（yield auniformed effect）。走廊是中国园林的另一大特色，有河边的河廊，花丛中的花廊，柳树丛中的柳廊，竹林中的竹廊。对客人来说，这些走廊可谓是优秀导游，在一座大花园里沿廊而行，可以观赏园内的各处景观。
【参考译文】
Small and delicate, cleverly laid out and pleasing to eye,the streams, bridges, rockeries and pavilion of a private Chinese garden reveala natural beauty of their own. Most of the bridges in these gardens are ofstone, including straight, winding and arched bridges. Streams in these gardensdo not cover a large area, but fit in well with bridges and islets to yield auniformed effect. Corridors form another feature of Chinese gardens, with watercorridors built along a riverside, flower corridors inserted among flowers,willow corridors among rows of willow, and bamboo corridors among rows ofbamboo. For visitors, these corridors are good travel guides leading to variousviews of a big garden.
Practice 79
杭州位于浙江省北部，钱塘江北岸、大运河（GrandCanal）的南端，是中国古老的风景名城。在古代，杭州有“鱼米之乡”之称。几千年过去了，杭州依然和以前一样有吸引力。杭州是如此的美丽，很多人在这都是流连忘返。唐代诗人自居易写了很多赞美杭州西湖的诗。古意大利旅行者——马可·波罗，他在元代来到了中国，对杭州异常喜爱，用他自己的话来说“杭州是全世界最美的城市”。
【参考译文】
Hangzhou, an ancient city renowned for its picturesquescenery, is situated in the northern part of Zhejiang province, along thenorthern bank of Qiantang river and at the southern terminus of the GrandCanal. In ancient times, Hangzhou is a city of “fish and rice”. Thousands ofyears have passed; Hangzhou is still as attractive as ever. Hangzhou is sobeautiful that many people are reluctant to leave it. Bai Juyi, a famous poetof Tang Dynasty, wrote many poems to describe the beauty of Hangzhou’s WestLake. Marco Polo, an ancient Italian traveler, came to China in Yuan Dynasty,and showed his great admiration for Hangzhou. In his own words, “Hangzhou isthe most beautiful city all over the world”.
Practice 80
上海是世界上最大的港口城市之一。这座昔日远东（Far East）第一大都市（metropolis）已发展成为中国重要的经济、金融、贸易、科技、信息和文化中心。作为一座历史文化名城，上海以她独特的风韵吸引了数以百万计的海内外游客。上海同时也是美食家（gourmets）的乐园，全市数以千计的餐馆汇集了国内外各大名菜（cuisines），尤其是上海的本帮菜，特别受到海外人士的青睐。
【参考译文】
Shanghai is oneof the world’s largest seaports. Formerly the largest metropolis of the FarEast, Shanghai has become China’s important center of economy, finance, trade,science and technology, information and culture. As a noted historic andcultural city, Shanghai attracts millions of tourists from home and abroad withits unique charm. Shanghai is also a cherished paradise for gourmets, boastingthousands of restaurants serving a complete list of well-known Chinese andinternational cuisines, among which the Shanghai food enjoys particular popularityamong overseas visitors.
Practice 81
从前深圳不过是个边防小镇，而如今，深圳已成为一片神奇的土地，已建成各具风格的旅游景点40多处，星级（star-ranked）宾馆酒店100多家。当你畅游这座花园城市，她的现代风情、迷人魅力将给你的深圳之旅留下美好回忆。“吃”是深圳人的一大生活主题，充满诱惑力的大小酒楼、食街吸引了来到深圳的国内外游客。而且在这里，人们还有机会尝遍全国各地的美味（delicacies）。
【参考译文】
Shenzhen used to be a small border town. But now it hasbecome a magic land. For the time being, there stand more than 40 scenic spotswith different styles and more than 100 star-ranked hotels. When you walkaround this garden city, you will find her so much impressive for her modernstyles and irresistible appeal. Eating is one of the living themes of Shenzhenpeople. All the visitors home and abroad do not hesitate to dash into thevarious restaurants of amazing attraction. Right in here, people are fortunateenough to have a good taste of diversified delicacies from all parts of China.
Practice 82
武汉历来被称为“九省通衢”之地，是中国内陆最大的水陆空交通枢纽（transportationhub）。它距离北京、上海、广州、成都、西安等中国大城市都在1000公里左右，是中国经济地理的“心脏”，具有承东启西、沟通南北、维系四方的作用。巨大的区位交通优势推动了武汉现代物流业（logistics industry）的快速发展。武汉作为联结国内外两个市场和促进中国东、中、西部互动的桥梁纽带功能逐步显现。
【参考译文】
As the biggestwater, land and air transportation hub in inland China, Wuhan has long beenwell-known as a “thoroughfare to nine provinces”. With an equidistance of 1,000 km away from other major Chinese dries including Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou, Chendu and Xi’an, Wuhan stands out as China’s geo-economic “heart” and plays a role oflinking east and west, connecting north and south and serving all directions. Thegreat advantages in its geographical location and transportation have broughtabout the rapid growth of Wuhan’s modern logistics industry. Wuhan is emergingas a bridge connecting domestic and international markets and promoting theinteraction among China’s eastern, central and western parts.
Practice 83
然而随着城市的发展，周边的环境与上海音乐厅（ShanghaiOdeum）越来越不谐调。音乐厅的南侧紧邻拥挤的居民小区，北侧则是上海市交通主干道（truck roads）之一的延安高架桥（Yan’ anViaduct），人来车往时，常会干扰音乐厅里交响乐的演出。而来此欣赏音乐的人往往还要受到交通不便的烦扰，在停好车后，还要走上相当一段距离，因为音乐厅外面根本没有空地做停车场。
【参考译文】
However, with the development of the city, Shanghai Odeumis becoming more and more inharmonious with its surroundings for its locationbetween the crowded residential area in the south and the Yan’ an Viaduct—oneof the truck roads in Shanghai in the north. The performances in the Odeum wereoften disrupted by the passing vehicles, while the audiences coming for theperformances were troubled by the inconvenience of transportation quite alot—they had to walk a rather long distance to reach the odeum because therewas not parking lot near it at all.
Practice 84
上海环球影城主题公园（ShanghaiUniversal Film City Theme Park）项目选址黄浦江畔三林地区，位于黄浦江两岸开发的南部，邻近2010年上海世博会选址。上海环球影城主题公园项目将以好莱坞众多的电影精品为基础，运用高科技手段，让游客亲身体验电影中的逼真场景，增强游客的参与性和娱乐性，同时，其游乐内容将依托环球影城制作的电影不断进行更新。
【参考译文】
Shanghai Universal Film City Theme Park lies in Sanlin onthe southern part of the developed sides of the Huangpu River, a place near tothe Expo Park for the coming Shanghai World Expo 2010．Basedon the numerous great films made in Hollywood, Shanghai Universal Film CityTheme Park will, with various technological means, give the tourists anopportunity to experience the scenes similar to those in the film, thus gettingmore tourists involved and offering more funs to them. Meanwhile, it will keepon updating the games and entertainments it offers with the films made by ShanghaiUniversal Film City.
Practice 85
中国是一个历史悠久的文明古国，也是一个充满时代生机的东方大国（vast oriental nation），拥有许多得天独厚的旅游资源。自然风光旖旎秀美，历史文化博大精深，56个民族风情浓郁，目前已被列入世界文化遗产地和世界自然遗产地达29处。在改革开放（opening-up and reform）的推动下，现代化建设突飞猛进，城乡面貌日新月异。古代中国的风采神韵与现代中国的蓬勃英姿交相辉映。
【参考译文】
As a country witha long history of civilization, China is a vast oriental nation full of modernvitality, unique in the richness and variety of its tourism resources. Besidespicturesque natural scenery, lengthy history and complex culture, Chinaembodies the different folk customs of 56 nationalities （ethnic groups）. Now, there are 29 places thathave been listed as World Cultural and Natural Heritages sites. As a result ofopening-up and reform, China's modernization drive is surging ahead, and thecities and the country are experiencing （undergoing）daily changes. The ancient glory of China and its modern boom addradiance （glory）and charm to each other.
Practice 86
在飞机上你可以看到不同寻常、令人惊诧的世界风景。你毫不费力地飞过高山和深谷。你真切看到大地的形状。如果你看不到风景，你也可以欣赏到非常特别的、无边无际的云海, 在你的眼前延绵数英里，太阳在晴朗的天空上发出耀眼的光芒。航程非常平稳，你可以安心阅读和睡觉。不管你怎样安排你的时间，有一件事是确定无疑的：你将会精神焕发、毫无倦意地到达目的地。
【参考译文】
An airplaneoffers you an unusual and breathtaking view of the world. You soar effortlesslyover high mountains and deep valleys. You really see the shape of the land. Ifthe landscape is hidden from the view, you can enjoy the extraordinary sight ofunbroken cloud plains that stretch out for miles before you, while the sunshines brilliantly in a clear sky. The journey is so smooth that there isnothing to prevent you from reading or sleeping. However you decide to spendyour time, one thing is certain: you will arrive at your destination fresh anduncrumpled.
Practice 87
中国将继续加强同发展中国家，特别是周边国家的积极关系，坚持睦邻友好的政策（good-neighborly and friendly policy）。我们要贯彻中国—东盟非正式首脑会议（China-ASEAN informal summit）的成果，加强面向21世纪的相互信任的中国—东盟伙伴关系。我们要进一步在广泛领域里同西方发达国家进行合作与交流。我们要加强同非洲、拉丁美洲、南亚、中欧和东欧的团结与合作，努力建立公正与合理的国际政治秩序和国际经济秩序。
【参考译文】
China willcontinue to foster positive relationships with the developing countries andespecially surrounding countries, persisting in a good-neighborly and friendlypolicy. We will implement the outcome of the China-ASEAN informal summit andintensify the China-ASEAN partnership of mutual trust oriented toward the 21stcentury. We will further develop extensive cooperation and exchange with thedeveloped countries of the west in a wide range of areas. We will alsostrengthen unity and cooperation with countries in Africa, Latin America, SouthAsia, and Central and Eastern Europe, striving to establish a just and rationalinternational political and economic order.
Practice 88
当前，中国要在保证国有企业下岗职工基本生活费用津贴（basic cost-of-living allowance）和城镇居民最低生活津贴（minimum living allowance）的基础上，推进改革，逐步形成有中国特色的社会保障体系。在这同时，要进一步办好国有企业再就业服务中心。企业再就业服务中心要向下岗职工按时足额发放基本生活费，并代他们缴纳社会保险金。对确有困难的中西部地区和老工业基地，中央财政将继续给予支持。
【参考译文】
At present Chinamust promote the reform to gradually set up a Chinese-type social securitysystem on the basis of a guarantee of the basic cost-of-living allowance forworkers laid off from state-owned enterprises and the minimum living allowancefor urban residents. Meanwhile, we should improve the reemployment centers ofstate-owned enterprises. The centers should provide laid-off workers with basicliving allowance in full and on time and pay the social security premiums forthem. In the case of the enterprises of western and central China and oldindustrial bases that are in real financial difficulties, the centralgovernment will continue to offer financial help.
Practice 89
凡是与中国建交的国家，都应本着互相尊重主权和领土完整（sovereignty and territorial integrity）、互不干涉内政的原则，不以任何形式或借口向台湾出售武器，或帮助台湾生产武器。中国政府希望国际社会始终如一地奉行一个中国政策，希望美国政府切实履行中美三个联合公报关于台湾问题的各项原则和自己做出的坚持一个中国政策的庄严承诺。
【参考译文】
All countriesthat have established diplomatic relations with China should follow theprinciple of mutual respect for sovereignty and territorial integrity andnon-interference in one another’s internal affairs, and refrain from sellingarms to Taiwan or helping it produce weapons in any form or under any pretext.The Chinese government hopes that the international community will consistentlyfollow the one-China policy, and that the U.S. government will earnestlyimplement the principles on the Taiwan issue set forth in the three Sino-U.S.joint communiqués and honor its solemn commitment on the one-China policy.
Practice 90
改革开放从根本上改变了中国长期闭关锁国和沉闷僵化的（ossified）状况，打破了束缚人们的思想和体制桎梏，极大地调动了亿万人民群众的积极性和创造性，给中国大地带来了蓬勃生机和活力，有力地推动了经济社会的大发展。更为重要的是，改革开放使整个社会活跃起来了，人们能够自由地依靠自己的勤劳、节俭和智慧创造幸福美好的生活。
【参考译文】
Reform and opening-up brought a fundamentalchange to the closed, backward and ossified situation that existed in Chinafor years. They freed people’s minds, broke theinstitutional barriers to development,unleashed tremendous enthusiasm andcreativity of hundreds of millions of Chinese people, injectedgreat vigor and vitality into the nation, and greatlystimulated economic and social development. What is moreimportant is that reform and opening-up have invigorated the whole society andenabled people to freely pursue a happy life through hard work, frugalityand wisdom.
Practice 91
中国作为一个负责任的大国，在危机中采取了积极负责的态度。我们把扩大国内有效需求特别是消费需求作为促进经济增长的基本立足点。及时调整宏观经济政策（macroeconomic policy）取向，果断实施积极的财政政策（proactive fiscal policy）和适度宽松的货币政策（moderatelyeasy monetary policy），迅速出台扩大国内需求的十项措施，陆续制定和实施一系列政策，形成了系统完整的促进经济平稳较快发展的一揽子计划。
【参考译文】
As a big responsible country, China has acted in an activeand responsible way during this crisis. We mainly rely on expanding effectivedomestic demand, particularly consumer demand, to boost economic growth, We havemade timely adjustment to the direction of our macroeconomic policy, swiftlyadopted a proactive fiscal policy and a moderately easy monetary policy,introduced ten measures to shore up domestic demand and put in place a seriesof related policies . Together, they make up a systematic and comprehensivepackage plan aimed at ensuring steady and relatively fast economic growth.
Practice 92
新疆维吾尔自治区（Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region）地处中国西北边陲，亚欧大陆腹地（hinterland of Eurasia），面积166.49万平方公里，占中国国土面积六分之一，陆地边境线5600公里，周边与8个国家接壤，是古丝绸之路的重要通道。据2000年统计，新疆人口为1925万人，其中汉族以外的其他民族为1096.96万人。新疆自古以来就是一个多民族聚居和多种宗教并存的地区，从西汉起成为中国统一的多民族国家不可分割的组成部分。
【参考译文】
In thehinterland of Eurasia, the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region is located in theborder area of northwest China with an area of 1.66 million square kilometersaccounting for one sixth of the Chinese territory. As the vital passage of theancient “Silk Road”, it adjoins eight countries along an international borderof 5,600 kilometers. According to statistics, in the year 2000 Xinjiang had apopulation of 19.25 million, including 10.9696 million people of other ethnicgroups than the Han. Since ancient times, Xinjiang has always been a regionwhere a number of races and religions exist side by side. Xinjiang has been anintegral part of China, a unitary multinational state, since the Western HanDynasty.
Practice 93
中国五千年的历史和文化深深地在中国人的心中根植了一种强烈的民族意识，这就是中国必须统一。中国政府对于国际社会普遍奉行一个中国政策表示赞赏。我们一贯认为，联合国的所有成员国，都应遵守《联合国宪章》（U.N. Charter）的宗旨、原则及有关联合国决议，不以任何方式支持台湾加入联合国及只能由主权国家参加的其他国际组织。
【参考译文】
The 5000-year-longChinese history and culture have implanted a strong national awareness:national unification. The Chinese government appreciates the internationalcommunity's pursuit of the one-China policy. We have consistently maintainedthat all members of the United Nations must observe the aims and principles ofthe U.N. Charter and the relevant U.N. resolutions, and refrain from supportingTaiwan’s effort to join the United Nations or other international organizationscomposed only of sovereign states.
Practice 94
中国是世界上最大的发展中国家。占世界人口五分之一的中国保持政治稳定、经济繁荣，是对世界和平、稳定与繁荣的重要贡献。反之，如果中国不稳定、不发展（stagnant），长期摆脱不了贫穷落后的状态，那才是对世界的稳定极为不利的（detrimental）。西方有些人蓄意夸大中国的经济实力，散布所谓“中国威胁论”（“China threat”fallacy），这是完全错误的。
【参考译文】
China is thelargest developing country in the world. If China, as home to one fifth of theworld’s population, can maintain political stability and economic prosperity,it is in itself great contribution to world peace, stability and prosperity.Conversely, if China is unstable and stagnant, or if it should bog down inprolonged poverty and backwardness, this will be highly detrimental to worldstability. Now some Westerners deliberately exaggerate China’s economicstrength and spread the“China threat”fallacy, This is totally wrong.
Practice 95
中国电讯市场前景无限。单是国内手机市场的规模，就不低于1500亿元。电讯用户数量还在不断增加，每年都需要为新增用户提供大量用户设备。用户规模的扩张，要求网络等基础设施（infrastructure）的规模不断扩大、更新、改进，从而带动对网络设备的需求以及与网络设施相关的工程建设。由于电讯领域利润丰厚，一些非电讯业务公司，也在跃跃欲试，希望进入电话市场。
【参考译文】
The telecommunications market in China has enormouspotential. The mobile phone market sales will be worth no less than 150 billionRMB. With the constant increase in telecommunications users, equipments for newusers are required every year. The growth of users in turn requires networksand the infrastructure to expand, upgrade and improve, driving the demand fornetwork equipment and the construction of network-related facilities. Astelecommunications is a profitable business, some non-telecommunicationcompanies are also itching to enter the market.
Practice 96
如今，在大脑研究方面所取得的进展，使我们知道和孩子一起阅读对他的智力、情感和身体都有益处，可以促进他的成长。与孩子亲昵地分享图书和故事会增强父母与孩子之间的亲情，帮助孩子学习词汇和概念，并能激发孩子大脑的发育。科学家发现，三岁前给孩子念故事，和孩子交谈，这会为他们将来的阅读能力奠定较为坚实的基础。
【参考译文】
Today, thanks toadvances in brain research, we know that reading with a child has intellectual,emotional and physical benefits that can enhance the child’s development. Theintimacy of sharing books and stories strengthens the emotional bonds between aparent and child, helps a child learn words and concepts, and actuallystimulates the growth of a baby’s brain. Scientists have discovered thatchildren whose parents read and talk to them during the first three years oflife create a stronger foundation for future reading success.
Practice 97
知识经济的发展正在给人们带来新的机遇和挑战。这再一次证明，知识和技术创新是人类经济、社会发展的重要动力源泉。中国将致力于建设国家创新体系，通过营造良好的环境，推进知识创新、技术创新和体制创新，提高全社会创新意识和国家创新能力，这是中国实现跨世纪可持续发展的必由之路。我们将集中力量在信息技术、人工智能（artificial intelligence）、生态科学等方面取得进展。
【参考译文】
The developmentof knowledge economy brings about opportunities as well as challenges, whichonce again proves that knowledge and technological innovation are the majordriving force for the economic and social development of humankind.Accordingly, the Chinese government is committed to establishing a nationalinnovation mechanism, creating a favorable environment to promote knowledgedevelopment, technology innovation as well as system reform so as to fostercreativity of the whole society and improve China’s innovation capability. Thisis a path that China must follow to achieve sustainable development in the newcentury. We must focus on the development of information technology, artificialintelligence, and ecology.
Practice 98
上海国际工业博览会是中国唯一的以高新技术装备为交易、展示主题的国家级大型工业博览会，每年11月在上海举办。“上海工博会”立足服务全国、支持西部开发，是中外企业界和全国科研院所、高等院校、技术产权交易机构（patent exchange organizations）展示形象、结交客户、促进交易的交流平台；也是产、学、研相结合，加快实施科技成果产业化的重要场所。
【参考译文】
Shanghai International Industry Fair （SIIF）isthe only large-scale nationwide industrial fair in China to focus on tradingand showcasing high-tech industrial equipment. SIIF is held every November inShanghai. Holding the principle of serving the whole nation and supporting thedevelopment of western regions, SIIF provides opportunities for internationalenterprises, universities/colleges, R&D institutions and patent exchangeorganizations to publicize their images, develop relations with customers, andthus promote transactions. SIIF is also an important platform for theindustrialization of scientific and technological achievements with a focus onthe integration of production, learning and research.
Practice 99
上海新国际展览中心（SNIEC）是中国领先的展览中心，拥有一流的设施。上海新国际展览中心位于中国商业中心浦东新区，自2001年11月开业以来已博得了全世界的广泛关注。凭借其方便优越的交通地理位置、单层无柱式（pillar-free）为特点的展馆设施以及多种多样的现场服务，上海新国际博览中心已取得了快速的增长，每年举办约60余场知名展览会，并正吸引着越来越多的展会在此举行。
【参考译文】
The Shanghai New International Expo Center （SNIEG）isChina’s leading expo center, boasting its state-of-the-art facilities. Situatedin Pudong New Area of Shanghai, the heart of Chinese business, SNIEC hasattracted worldwide attention since its opening in November 2001．Featuringa prime, easily accessible location, a pillar-free, single-story structure anda wide array of expert on-site services, SNIEC has been experiencing rapidgrowth. It now hosts more than 60 prestigious exhibitions each year, and isattracting more and more exhibitions to be held here.
Practice 100
虽然网上银行在全球日益普及，但仍无法替代人与人之间面对面的交流。在中国，不同城市的客户访问银行的频率也存在差异，比如成都网点使用率高于北京和上海。主要原因是成都人更热衷于面对面的理财方式，而且其生活节奏慢于北京和上海。网络银行的发展将能够有效地减轻拥挤的（clogged）中国银行网点的压力。
【参考译文】
In spite of the fact that internet banking has become morepopular globally, nothing can beat the face-to-face contact. In China, citiesvary in terms of branch visit frequency. In Chengdu, branch visit frequency ishigher than that of Beijing and Shanghai, as people in Chengdu preferface-to-face financing service. Besides, the life tempo of Chengdu is slowerthan that of Beijing and Shanghai. The online banking development willeffectively lessen the pressures on the clogged branches in China.
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