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【知识精要】
非谓语动词分为三种形式：不定式、动名词和分词，分词又包括现在分词和过去分词。
一、不定式
不定式的基本形式是“to+动词原形”，有时可以不带to；在句子中不能作谓语，没有人称和数的变化，它具有名词、形容词和副词的特征。
不定式在句子中可以作主语、表语、宾语、定语和状语。
1．作主语
例：To judge a person byhis appearance is difficult. 依据外表难以评判一个人。
不定式作主语时，往往用it作形式主语，因此上面的句子也可用如下方式表示。
It is difficult to judge a person by his appearance.
2．作表语
例：My dream is tobecome an excellent bilingual interpreter. 我梦想成为一名优秀的双语口译家。
3．作宾语
例：We had hoped tofinish by four o'clock. 我们原希望四点钟前能完成。
4．作宾语补足语
例：I didn't expect youto arrive here so soon. 我没有料到你会来得这么快。
5．作定语
例：I have nothing totalk about. 我没有什么可说的。
6．作状语
例：She's working hardto earn money. 她为了挣钱而努力工作。
二、分词
分词包括现在分词和过去分词。现在分词表示：主动，动作正在进行。过去分词表示：被动，动作已经完成。
分词在句中可以作定语、表语、状语和宾语补足语。
1．作定语
例：①The woman sitting at the desk is his secretary. 坐在桌子旁的女人是他的秘书。
②Have you read the book written by BingXin? 你读过冰心写的书吗？
2．作表语
例：①My car is broken. 我的汽车坏了。
②The story he told us is interesting. 他给我们讲的故事很有趣。
3．作宾语补足语
例：①I heard him singing a song in the classroom. 我听见他在教室里唱歌。
②I have my hair cut once a month. 我每个月剪一次头发。
4．作状语
例：①Seeing the professor, the students smiled and said goodmorning to him.
看见教授，学生们都向他微笑并说早上好。
②Convinced of the accuracy of the data, I stuckto my opinion.
确信了数据的准确性后，我坚持我的观点。
分词作状语时，它的逻辑主语就是句子的主语，否则分词前面必须有自己的主语。
三、动名词
动名词由动词加ing构成。动名词既有动词特征，也有名词特征。动名词在句中可以作主语、表语、宾语和定语。
1．作主语
Seeing is believing. 眼见为实。
2．作表语
My hobby is painting. 我的爱好是画画。
3．作宾语
I have finished reading the novel. 我刚读完这本小说。
4．做定语
The reading room is bright and large. 阅览室既明亮又宽敞。
【专项训练】
1.I don’t mind ______（你延迟作决定）as long as it is not too late.
2.Although punctual himself, the professor ______（习惯了学生们上课迟到）.
3．Jean didn’t have the time to go to the concertlast night ______（因为她忙着准备考试呢）.
4.While shopping, people sometimes ______（情不自禁的被说服买一些他们不真正需要的东西）.
5．The difference in thickness and weight from theearlier version ______（使iPad 2拿在手里很舒服）.
6．At first, ______（公司拒绝购买设备）, butthis decision was subsequently revised.
7．______（连锁反应释放的能量）istransformed into heat.
8.Mary finally ______（决定处理掉所有的垃圾） she had kept in the garage.
9．People who live in small towns often seem morefriendly than ______（住在人口密集的地方的人）.
10.It’s a shame ______（不能够给他们任何建议）.
11.The committee members resented ______（总统没有通知他们这次会议）.
12．As a way of coping with the mails whilethey were away, the Johnsons asked the cleaning lady to send little printedslips ______（要寄件人稍后再写）.
13．When I came to my senses, I found myself wrappedup in bed in my little room, ______（奶奶俯在我身边）.
14.Upon being questioned he denied ______（写过这篇文章）.
15. ______（为了摆脱）the burden ofice, the balloon climbed up and drifted to the South.
参考答案及解析
1．[答案] your delaying making the decision
[解析]① mind加动名词形式，表示“介意做某事”，由于动名词带有逻辑主语，所以可以翻译成“mind +形容词性物主代词+动名词”的形式；②“迟做某事”即delay doing sth.。
2．[答案] was used to students’ being late for his lecture
[解析] ①“习惯”的常用表达为get used to，后面接动名词形式；②“学生们迟到”应该使用动名词的复合形式名词所有格+动名词来做介词to的宾语，即student’ being late。
3．[答案] because she was busy preparing for herexamination
[解析] ①“忙着做某事”be busy doing sth.；②“准备考试”preparefor the examination。
4．[答案] can’t help being persuaded into buying somethingthey don’t really need
[解析] ①“情不自禁的做某事”can’t help doing sth.；②“说服某人做某事”persuade sb. into doing sth.，“被说服做某事”就是be persuaded into doing sth.；③“一些他们不真正需要的东西”可以处理成定语从句，即 something they don’t really need。
5．[答案] makes the iPad 2 morecomfortable to hold
[解析] 在用easy、comfortable等形容词构成的符合宾语时，用不定式作状语；hold与前面的the iPad 2有逻辑上的动宾关系，故用主动式。
6．[答案] the company refused to purchase the equipment
[解析]“拒绝做某事”的常用表达为refuse to do sth.。
7．[答案] The energy released by the chain reaction
[解析] “连锁反应”应译为chain reaction，题意中“连锁反应产生的”做“能量”的定语，由于“释放”release“能量”energy直接之间是被动关系，所以release应该使用其过去分词形式。
8．[答案] decided to get rid of all the junk
[解析] decide to do sth.决定做某事；get rid of处理掉…。
9．[答案] those living in areas with large density ofpopulation
[解析] 考查现在分词做定语。①比较结构中，当比较的两个成分相同时比较的第二成分常用that或those代替，those用来表示复数，所以该句中可以用those代替people；②“人口密度”的常用表达是the density of population；③“住在人口密集的地方的”做people的定语，两者之间是主动关系，所以live要用其现在分词形式。
10．[答案] not to have been able to give them any advice
[解析] 本题综合考查动词不定式的过去和否定形式。①it’s a shame后面加动词不定式表示“做某事真可惜（遗憾），其否定形式是在to前面加not；②此处“不能给他们建议”表示过去的动作，所以要用现在完成时态形式have done。
11．[答案] the president’s not informing them of the meeting
[解析] ①resent表示“对…感到愤恨”，用法为resent something/ (somebody’s) doing something；否定形式是在doing前加not；②“通知某人某事”的常用表达为inform sb. of sth.。
12．[答案] asking the senders to write again later
[解析] 翻译部分具体解释slip的内容，做其定语，要求和slip之间是主动关系，所以要现在分词形式。
13．[答案] with Grandma bending over me
[解析]考查独立主格结构，其构成形式是with+名词或代词+现在分词或过去分词或介词短语等，所以此处可译为with grandma bending over me。
14．[答案] having written the article
[解析] deny后面一般加动名词做宾语表示“否认做某事”，当否认的事是已经发生的动作时，要用deny havingdone的形式。
15．[答案] To be free from/To getrid of
[解析]翻译部分是目的状语；表示“为了”可用to, in order to等方式；“be free from”表示“摆脱…”，也可用get rid of代替。