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【知识精要】
主语和谓语有两种顺序：一是主语在前，叫自然语序，反之，如果谓语在主语前就是倒装语序。倒装语序又分全部倒装和部分倒装，全部倒装是把全部谓语放在主语之前，部分倒装是把助动词或情态动词放在主语之前。
1．部分倒装
(1) only＋副词/介词短语/状语从句。
例：Only when you finish the homework can you watch TV. 你只有做完了作业才能看电视。
(2) 否定词(短语) 开头的句子要用部分倒装：如never, nor,neither, hardly, few, seldom, little, by no means, in no time, at no time, notuntil, not only...but also, no sooner than, hardly when, scarcely when等。
例：①By no means can theory beseparated from practice. 理论决不能脱离实践。
②Hardly had we arrived home when it started to rain. 我们刚一到家就开始下雨了。
(3) 表示前面叙述的情况也适合于另一个人或物用“so＋助动词/情态动词/系动词＋主语”；表示前面叙述的否定情况也适合于另一个人或物，用“neither/nor＋助动词/情态动词/系动词＋主语”。
例：①I can swim and so can mybrother. 我会游泳，我哥哥也是。
②Jane didn’t go to the party, neither did I. 简没有去聚会，我也没去。
(4) 引导让步状语从句，表语/状语/动词原形＋as＋主语＋其他。
例：Terrible as the storm was, we continued our way. 尽管暴风雪很大，我们仍然继续前行。
(5) so＋adj /adv放在句首。
例：So hot was the day. 今天真热。
(6) 如果虚拟条件句的谓语含有were, should, had，可以把if省略而将这三个词放于条件句主语前，构成倒装。
例：①Had it not been your help, wecouldn’t have finished the work so early.
如果不是你帮忙，我们不可能这么早完成工作。
②Were it to rain tomorrow, we would not go for the picnic.
如果明天下雨，我们就不去野餐了。
(7) 频度副词及短语often, always, now and then , many a time , every other day等放在句首时有时也倒装。
例：①Always does he read the bookafter dinner. 吃完饭他总是看会书。
②Under the tree stood my roommate. 我室友站在树底下。
(8) 某些表示祝愿句子也用倒装语序。
例：May you succeed! 祝你成功！
2．全部倒装
(1) There be句型：在这类句型中的动词除了可用be外，还可用live, happen, exist,remain, stand等作这类句型的谓语。
例：There remains a lot to be done. 仍然有很多事情要做。
(2) Here/there/now＋vi.(常为come, go) ＋主语(必须是名词) 。
例：Here comes the train. 火车来了。
(3) then引起谓语为come, follow的句子。
例：Then follow another three years of hard work. 接着又是三年辛苦的工作。
(4) out, in, up,down, away之类的副词作状语放在句首，主语比较长，也就是说主语不能是很短的人称代词，谓语为不及物动词come, go, run, rush等，句式为：副词＋vi.＋主语(必须是名词) 。
例：Out went a girl from the shopping mall. 从商场里出来一个女孩。
(5) 介词短语作状语放在句首，谓语为不及物动词，主语比较长，也就是说主语不能是很短的人称代词，句式为：介词短语＋vi.＋主语(必须是名词) 。
(6) 表语放在句首，表语常为形容词、分词、副词、介词短语，句式为：表语＋系动词＋主语(必须是名词) 。
例：Beautiful was the flower garden. 花园很漂亮。
(7) 直接引语中间或后面表示某人说这意思的插入语（特别是谓语较短时）。
【专项训练】
1．Solittle ______（他们同意这个计划）that they could not settle their difference.
2．______（我们隔壁住了一个老人）, who is no lessthan eighty.
3．Notuntil his comrades criticized him ______（他才开始承认自己的错误）.
4．Itannoyed him that no sooner ______（他刚上车）than he found he forget to take the wallet with him.
5．______（他们不仅做了音乐表演）, but they also gavea brief introduction to the history of Western brass instruments.
6．Onlywhen you are aware of the importance of a sense of responsibility ______（你才会关注你的言行举止）.
7．Notuntil he was put into prison ______（他才被告知真相）.
8．Theold couple have been married for 40 years and never once ______（他们彼此吵过架）.
9．Notonly ______（他被迫留在家里），but also he had to do his homework.
10．Everyone has his or her special skill andinterests, and only by discovering what we can do best ______（我们希望实现目标）,and truly make a difference.
11.He is not under arrest, nor ______（警察对他采取限制）.
12．Seldom ______（看见他发如此大的火）since Iknew him.
13．So ______（孩子们变得对计算机如此的沉迷）thatleaders at summer computer camps often have to force them to break for sportsand games.
14．Not only ______（他向我收费过高），but hedidn’t do a good repair job either.
15.The manager never laughed; neither ______（她也从来没有发过脾气）.
参考答案及解析
1．[答案] did they agree on the plan
[解析] ①“So...that”结构置于句首时句子要倒装，所以将助动词提前即did they；②“统一某事、就某事达成一致意见”的表达为agreeon sth.。
2．[答案] Next door to ours lives an old man
[解析] ①介词短语作状语放在句首，谓语为不及物动词，主语比较长，也就是说主语不能是很短的人称代词，句式为：介词短语＋vi＋主语（必须是名词）须倒装；②此句也可翻译为There is an old man living next door to ours，逻辑主语与doing之间有逻辑主谓语关系。
3．[答案] did he begin to admit his mistake
[解析] ①当Not until位于句首时，句子要倒装。其结构为：Not until+从句/表时间的词+助动词+（主句）主语+谓语+其他；②“承认自己的错误”可以为admit one’s mistake。
4．[答案] had he got on the bus
[解析] No sooner ...than...意为“一…就…”主句用过去完成时,从句用一般过去时，常放在句首，主句要倒装；“上车”用get on the bus表示。
5．[答案] Not only did they present a musical performance
[解析] ①当not only放在句首，连接一个句子时，该句应使用部分倒装；而but also后面的句子仍用陈述语序；②“音乐表演”可以译为musical performance，“做音乐表演”可以翻译为present musical performance。
6．[答案] will you pay attention to your behavior
[解析] ①only+时间状语从句，主句要使用部分倒装，即将助动词或情态动词置于主语之前；②“关注”的常用表达为pay attention to；③“言行举止”可以译为manner/behavior ，注意拼写。
7．[答案] was he told the truth
[解析] ①当not until位于句首时,句子要倒装。其结构为：not until+从句/表时间的词+助动词+（主句）主语+谓语+其他；②“被告知真相”可以翻译为be told the truth。
8．[答案] have they quarreled with each other
[解析] ①否定副词never位于句首句子要部分倒装，即助动词或情态动词+主语+谓语+其他；②翻译部分表示过去发生的动作对现在的影响，所以应该用现在完成时态；③“与某人吵架”的习惯说法为quarrel with sb.。
9．[答案] was he forced to stay home
[解析] 考查not only 位于句首的部分倒装。“被迫做某事”be forced to do sth.。
10．[答案] can we hope to reach our goals
[解析] ①only+方式状语，主句部分倒装，即将助动词或情态动词倒装至主语之前；②“实现目标”可以译为reach/achieve/realize one’s goal。
11．[答案] have the police placed any restriction on him
[解析] ①“对某人采取限制”可译为place restriction on sb.；②否定副词位于句首句子要使用部分倒装，即将助动词或情态动词提前，此处使用现在完成时态，表示过去发生的动作对现在的影响。
12．[答案] have I seen him fly into such a rage
[解析] ①seldom为具有否定意义的词，其位于句首时句子用部分倒装，其构成形式是：助动词或情态动词+主语+动词原形；②由时间状语可知，此处应该使用现在完成时态，表示过去发生的动作对现在的影响；③“看见某人做过某事”的习惯用法是see sb. do sth.；④“发火”的常用表达为fly into a rage/get angry。
13．[答案] involved with their computers do the children become
[解析] ①so用于句首加强语气时，句子要用部分倒装，其构成形式是：助动词或情态动词+主语+动词原形；②“沉迷于…”的常用表达为be addicted to/be indulgedin/become involved with
14．[答案] did he charge me too much/did he overcharge me
[解析] ①Not only位于句首用倒装；②“收费过高”可用“overcharge”直接表述，也可用短语charge me too much。
15．[答案] did she become angry/did she lose her temperbefore
[解析] ① neither放句首用倒装，前后两部分同时发生，故时态相同；②“发脾气”是固定搭配lose temper。