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【知识精要】
比较结构是指运用形容词和副词的级别，对两种或两种以上的事物进行比较的短语结构。根据比较级别可以分为三类：原级as…as、比较级more…than、最高级the most。
一、原级：as …as结构
基本形式：as+adj./adv.原级+as
否定形式：not so(as)+adj./adv.原级+as
例：①Jane is as tall as Jessica.简和杰西卡一样高。
②I write as carefully as Tom did.我和汤姆写的一样认真。
③Jane’s hair isnot so long as Jessica’s. 简的头发没有杰西卡的长。
④I went to school not so early as Tom did. 我去学校没有汤姆早。
原级的扩展形式包括以下几种：
1.as +many/much + n.+ as
例：①I have as many books as hedoes.
我的书和他的一样多。
②She earns as much money as her sister does.
她和她姐姐挣的钱一样多。
2．as +adj. + a/an + n. + as
例：He is as efficient a worker as Jack.
他和杰克是工作效率同样高的人。
3．否定形式：A is not so much a/an B as (A is) a C与其说A是B，不如说A是C
例：He killed many innocent people. Therefore, he was not so much a heroas a killer.
他杀了许多无辜百姓。所以与其说他是英雄，不如说他是杀人犯。
4.A is as+ adj.(1) as A is+ adj. (2) 主语相同，比较项目不同
例：Jane is as brilliant as she is beautiful. 简既漂亮又聪颖。
5．带有修饰语的as…as…结构
almost/ exactly/nearly/ just/ quite/ not/ not half/ half/ twice/ three times + as +adj./adv. +as
例：①My little sister is just halfas tall as I. 我妹妹只有我一半高。
②I am twice as tall as my little sister. 我比我妹妹高一倍。
③I don’t eathalf as much as he does. 我吃的还没他的一半。
④I work twice as hard as he does. 我工作要比他努力双倍。
二、比较级：more…than结构
基本形式：adj./adv.比较级+than
否定形式：not so/as + adj./adv.原级+as
less…than
例：①Jane is taller than Jessica. 简比杰西卡要高。
②I drove more carefully than Tom did. 我比汤姆驾车要细心。
③Jane is not astall as Jessica. 简没有杰西卡高。
④I drove not so carefully as Tom did. 我驾车没有汤姆细心。
比较级的扩展形式包括以下几种：
1.more/less/fewer + n. +than
例：He makes more money in a month than I do in a year. 他一个月赚的钱比我一年赚的还要多。
2．A is + a/an…er/more + adj.原级 +n. + than B.
例：①Jane is a more beautiful girlthan Jessica. 简比杰西卡漂亮。
=Jane is a girlmore beautiful than Jessica.
②Tom has a larger house than mine. 汤姆的房子比我的大。
= Tom’s houseis a house larger than mine.
3．A is more+adj. (1) + (a/an+n.)+ than +adj. (2). 与其说A (2)，不如说A(1)
例：Jane is more beautiful than clever. 与其说简聪明，不如说她漂亮。
4．带有修饰语的more…than…结构
A is + a little,a bit, a lot, even, far, many, much, rather, slightly, twice, three times +adj.比较级 + than B或A do B+ 副词修饰语+ adv.比较级 + than C.
例：①There are many more students inour class than in theirs. 我们班的学生比他们的多。
②He makes three times more money than me. 他挣得钱比我的多三倍。
三、最高级：the most…结构
基本形式：the most+比较范围，用于三个或三个以上的事物进行比较。
例：①Jane is the most beautiful inour class. 简是我们班最漂亮的。
②Jane is the highest of her sisters. 简是姐妹中最高的。
③Tom works(the) hardiest in our class. 汤姆在我们班学习最努力。
④This is the strangest thing I have ever met. 这是我见过的最奇怪的东西。
最高级的扩展形式包括以下几种：
1.the most/fewest/least + n.，表示最多/最少的什么东西
例：①Which province in our countryproduces the most coal? 我们国家哪个省产煤最多？
②I have the fewest books in our home. 在我们家我的书最少。
③Tom caught theleast fish among his mates. 汤姆在他的伙伴中捉到的鱼最少。
2．最高级the most…也可用比较级more… than来表示。例：
例：Tom is taller than any other boy in his class. 汤姆比班里的其他男孩都高。
3．有时最高级并不表示与其他事物相比较。
例：Please accept my deepest gratitude. 请接受我最深的祝福。
四、比较结构的其他用法
有时比较结构并不表示对比，而有其它特殊的用法和形式。
1.more than 固定连用，表示的意义如下：
(1) more than + adj. 非常，很
例：I was more than happy to meet you. 见到你我很高兴。
(2) more than + n. 不仅仅
例：He is more than a teacher to me. 他对于我不仅仅是个老师。
(3) more than +句子表否定“超出，难以”
例：The quantity of the stars is more than I can imagine. 星星多的没法想象。
2．no+adj./adv.比较级 +than两者都不怎么样。
例：①Jane is no more brilliant thanJessica. 简和杰西卡都不聪明。
②Tom plays no better than John. 汤姆和约翰打球打得都不好。
3.no more+a/an + n.+ than两者都不是
例：Mary is no more a writer than a painter. 玛丽既不是作家也不是画家。
4.no more than仅仅、最多只有（强调少）；no less than多达；至少（强调多）
例：①There are no more than 20apples on the tree. 树上最多只有三十个苹果。
②No less than 1000 people watched the launch of the satellite. 多达1000人观看了火箭的发射。
5.not more than不多于；not less than不少于（不强调多少）
例：His son has read not less than 100 English books. 他儿子读了至少100本英文书。
6.the more…, the more… 越…，就越…
例：①The more food you eat, the moreweight you gain. 吃得越多，长得越重。
②The earlier you set off, the earlier you arrive. 越早出发，越早到达。
【专项训练】
1.How beautifully she sings! ______（我从未听过她这么好的声音）.
2．______（你和你哥哥一样不细心）. You two can’t do the work that needs care and skill.
3.This dress is prettier, but it costs ______（比那件多两倍的价钱）.
4.The book seems to be ______（与其说是一本语法书不如说是一本词典）.
5.The new building’s area will be ______（将是旧楼的两倍）.
6．In such cases, the probability that women quitthe job is ______（比男性辞职的可能性大三倍）.
7．______（英国是世界上交通密度最大的国家）—over60 cars for every mile of road.
8．Men often wait longer to get help for medicalproblems than women, and consequently, ______（女性平均比男性多活6年）.
9．The number of registered participants in thisyear’s marathon ______（是去年参加参加马拉松人数的两倍）.
10.Since my childhood I have found that ______（没有什么比读书对我更有吸引力）。
11．The activities of the international marketingresearcher are frequently much ______（比国内市场商的活动广泛）.
12.The annual worth of Utah's manufacturing is ______（比矿业和农业合起来的都要多）.
13.Americans eat ______（两倍多的蛋白质）as they actually need every day.
14.To understand the situation completely requires ______（比已经投入的想法要多）thus far.
15．Overpopulation poses a terrible threat to thehuman race. Yet it is not a threat to the human race ______（不如说是对环境破坏的威胁）probably.
参考答案及解析
1．[答案] Ihave never heard a better voice
[解析] 用比较级表达最高级的意义，可译为a better voice即“最好的声音”。
2．[答案] You are no more careful than your brother
[解析] no +adj./adv.比较级 + than表示“两者都不…”，所以该句可译为 no more careful than。
3．[答案] twice as much as that one
[解析] 倍数的表达方式之一为：倍数词+as+形容词/副词+as。所以本题可以翻译为twice as much as thatone。
4．[答案] more a dictionary than a grammar
[解析] sb./sth. is more A thanB表示“与其说sb./sth.是B，不如说是A”，所以此题应该译为more a dictionary than a grammar
5．[答案] twice that of the oldone
[解析]“… times + that + of +被比对象”表示前者是比较对象的多少倍，所以直接套用该表达方式，则为twicethat of the old one。
6．[答案] three times lagerthan that of men
[解析]“A+倍数+形容词或副词的比较级+than+B”，表示“A比B大（长、高、宽等）多少倍”。
7．[答案] Britain has the highest density of road trafficin the world
[解析] “交通密度”可译为density of roadtraffic/traffic density，“交通密度”应该用形容词high来修饰，而不是big，所以“交通密度最大”可译为have the highest density ofroad traffic。
8．[答案] women live about six years longer than men on average
[解析] 考查倍数的表达。①倍数+形容词或副词比较级+than，所以此处可译为six years longer than；②“平均”的习惯说法为on average。
9．[答案] was half that of last year’s
[解析] 本句对比的是“今年和去年参加马拉松的人数”，因此“去年人数的一半”应翻译为half of the number of lastyear’s，为了避免重复可用单数指示代词that代替ofthe number。
10．[答案] nothing is more attractive to me than reading
[解析]“没有什么比…更…”常用“nothing+系动词+比较级+than+其他”的结构表述；“对某人有吸引力的”，用be attractive to sb.表示。
11．[答案] broader than those ofthe domestic marketer
[解析]考查“more...than...”结构；“广泛”的比较级用broader表示；“国内的”是domestic；those代替前面提到的activities以避免重复。
12．[答案] greater than thatmining and farming combined
[解析] ①“矿业”和“农业”分别是mining和farming；“合起来”用combine表示，这里应用被动语态；②用代词that代替the annual worth避免重复。
13．[答案] twice as much protein
[解析]本题考查倍数的表达方法，正确形式应为：倍数＋as+形容词/副词/（名词）＋as；“蛋白质”是protein.
14．[答案] more thought than hasbeen given
[解析]“more than”表示“比…多”；“投入”这里用give表示，因后面有时间状语thus far“到目前为止”，则翻译部分应用现在完成时。
15．[答案] so much as toenvironmental destruction
[解析]考查“与其说，不如说”用not so much as；注意此处应有to，与前面对应；“破坏”用destruction表示。