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【知识精要】
名词性从句即在句子中起名词作用的从句，包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句。
1．主语从句
主语从句是在复合句中充当主语的从句，通常放在主句谓语动词之前或由形式主语it代替，而本身放在句子末尾。
①用it 作形式主语的结构
it作形式主语代替主语从句，主要是为了平衡句子结构。
a. It is ＋名词＋从句
It is afact that…事实是…
b. It is ＋形容词＋从句
It isamazing that…令人惊讶的是…
c. It is ＋不及物动词＋从句
It seemsthat…似乎…
Ithappened that…碰巧…
d. It ＋过去分词＋从句
It issaid/reported that…据说/据报道…
②what与that在引导主语从句时的区别
what引导主语从句时在句时在从句中充当句子成分，如主语、宾语、表语，而that则不然。
例：a. What you said yesterday is wrong.
你昨天说的不对。
b. That shecomes from USA is unidentified.
她是否来自美国还未确定。
2、宾语从句
宾语从句在句子中充当宾语，从句使用陈述句语序，通常放在主句谓语动词(及物动词)或介词之后。①作动词的宾语
a. 直接放在动词之后
例：He doesn’t know how to go to the bank.
他不知道怎么去银行。
b. 动词＋间接宾语＋宾语从句
例：She told me that she cann’t go to party.
她告诉我她不能去聚会了。
②作介词的宾语
例：Our success relies on how well we can cooperate with one another.
我们的成功取决于我们之间的合作。
③ it可以作为形式宾语
it可以作为形式宾语而将真正的宾语that从句放在句尾。
例：We heard it that he will come from abroad. 我们听说他要从国外回来。
④否定的转移
当主句谓语动词为think, consider,suppose, believe, expect, fancy, guess, imagine等，宾语从句如果有否定意义，则要把否定词转移到主句谓语上，从句谓语用肯定式。
例：I don’t think you are right.
我认为你不对。
3、表语从句
从句放在be, look, remain, seem等系动词之后即构成了表语从句，一般结构为“主语＋系动词＋表语从句”，引导表语从句的that常可省略。此外，常用的还有the reason is that…和It is because...等结构。
例：a. The fact is we have lost the game.
事实是我们输了比赛。
b. This is whywe have to go by air.
这就是我们为什么要坐飞机走的原因。
c. The reason heis late for school is that he got up late.
他上学迟到是因为起床晚了。
4、同位语从句
同位语从句是对与之同位的名词中心词作进一步解释，说明名词的具体内容，一般由that引导，可接同位语从句的名词有：fact, news, problem, idea, decision, thought等。
例：a. The thought that his friends might havelost their way scared him.
想到他的朋友可能迷了路把他吓了一跳。
b. I have noidea when he will come back.
我不知道他什么时候回来。
【专项训练】
1.Choosing the right dictionary ______（依赖于你想用它干什么）.
2．______（问题是对是错）depends on theresult.
3.Soon came the order ______（所有的人都得遵守规定）.
4.What I am interested in is ______（是否他们已订婚了）.
5.He has made it clear ______（他不会接管这项工作）.
6．______（怎样实施计划）still needs tobe discussed.
7.We realized that ______（他压力很大）, so we took no notice of his bad temper.
8.The stick will serve my purpose ______（除了它有点太长之外）.
9.The lease is explicit ______（房租必须用美元支付）in saying by the 20th of every month.
10.It’s laid down in the regulation ______（你可以携带20公斤的行李）.
11.I will give this dictionary to ______（任何想拥有它的人）.
12．The judge ruled that the evidence wasinadmissible on the grounds that ______（它与本案无关）.
13.It was no coincidence ______（他的车被看见停在银行附近）at the time of the robbery.
14.From the tears in Nedra’s eyes we can deduce ______（一定是发生了什么令人难过的事了）.
15．______（很多人没有意识到的）is thatSimon is a lover of sports, and football in particular.
参考答案及解析
1．[答案] depends on what you want to use it for
[解析] ①“依赖于”的常用表达有depend on/count on/rely on；②“你想用它干什么”做介词on的宾语从句，应该使用陈述语序，可译为what you wantto use it for。
2．[答案]The question whether itis right or wrong
[解析]考查由whether引导的同位语从句。
3．[答案] that all the people should obey the rules
[解析] ①翻译部分做order的同位语从句，由that引导；②“遵守规定”可以译为obey the rules；③表示“命令”、“建议”等词后的同位语从句要用虚拟语气，即“should+动词原形”的形式，should可以省略。
4．[答案] whether they have been engaged to each other
[解析] ①考查whether引导的表语从句；②“已订婚了”表达的是过去发生的动作对现在的影响，所以应该使用现在完成时态；③“订婚”的表达为be engaged to sb.。
5．[答案] that he wouldn’t take over the job
[解析] ①考查it做形式主语的宾语从句，that引导的句子成分为真正的宾语，that不可省略；②“接管”的常用表达为take over。
6．[答案] How the plan is to be carried out
[解析] 考查特殊疑问词引导的主语从句，“实施”的常用表达为carry out，所以“怎样实施计划”可以翻译为how to carry out the plan/how the plan to be carried out。
7．[答案] he was under great stress
[解析] 考查宾语从句，“压力很大”的常用表达为under great stress/pressure。
8．[答案] except that it is alittle too long
[解析] 考查宾语从句。“除了…之外”的引导词为except that。
9．[答案] that the rent must be paid in dollars
[解析] 考查宾语从句。“用美元支付”in dollars。
10．[答案] that you can take 20 kilos of luggage with you
[解析] 考查同位语从句。“take sth. with sb.”携带。
11．[答案] whoever wants to have it
[解析] 考查介词宾语从句。由whoever引导的宾语从句做介词to的宾语从句，相当于anyone who。
12．[答案] it was irrelevant to the case at hand
[解析] 翻译部分做grounds的同位语从句；“与…无关”be irrelevant to。
13．[答案] that his car was seen near the bank
[解析]考查主语从句和被动语态。
14．[答案] that something sad must have occurred
[解析] 考查宾语从句。①“一些令人难过的事”的常用表达为不定代词+形容词，即something sad；②“发生事情这一动作发生在过去，所以要使用其现在完成时态形式。
15．[答案] What is not realized by many people
[解析] 翻译部分为what引导的主语从句；“意识到”常用词为realize，此处应用其被动语态。