admire [ Ed5maiE ] vt. 钦佩，赞赏；羡慕；称赞，夸奖

例句①I admire his persistence. 我佩服他那种坚韧不拔的精神。

②Everybody admires him for his fine sense of humor. 人人都欣赏他那绝妙的幽默感。

搭配admire sb. for sth. 佩服某人

串记inspire

advance [ Ed5vB:ns ] n. 前进，提升；预付款

vi. 前进，进展

vt. 促进，发展；预支

adj. 前面的，预先的

例句①The Allied troops are advancing on the camp of the enemy.

盟军正在向敌军营地挺进。

②The work is not advancing.

工作没有进展。

③Galileo’s ideas were well in advance of the age in which he lived.

伽利略的思想远远超越了他所生活的时代。

搭配in advance 提前；预先

in advance of 在…前面；在…之前

advance on the salary 预支薪水

give sb. advance warning/notice of sth. 对某事物给某人预先警告[通知]

recent advances in medical science 医学上的新进展

串记advanced; advantage,advantageous

advertise [ 5AdvEtaiz ] vt. 公告，公布；为…做广告；告知

vi. 登广告

例句①We decided to advertise our new product. 我们决定为我们的新产品做广告。

②I advertised him of my plan. 我告知他我的计划。

搭配advertise for 登广告寻找

串记announce,advertisement, adverse

accomplish [ E5kQmpliF ] vt. 实现(计划等)，达到(目的)，完成(任务)

例句I have accomplished agreat deal in the last few months. 在过去的几个月里我完成了相当多的工作。

串记accompany,accommodation

acceptable [ Ek5septEbl ] adj. 可接受的；合意的；受欢迎的

例句①A cup of tea would be most acceptable.

来一杯茶就最好不过了。

②It took months to come up with an acceptable plan for the banks.

过了好几个月才提出银行认为可以接受的计划。

串记reasonable,sustainable

arise [ E5raiz ] vi. 出现，产生；(from) 由…引起，起源于；起床

例句①I arose early in the morning. 我每天早上起得很早。

②Accidents arise from carelessness. 事故往往起因于疏忽。

搭配arise from 出自于，源于

串记rise,arouse

authority [ C:5WCriti ] n. 权力，权威；权威人士；

(pl.) 官方，当局

例句①Our professor is a literary authority.

我们的教授是一位文学权威。

②You don’t have any authority for entering this house. It’s private.

你们没有任何权力进入这所房子，这是私宅。

③The health authorities are investigating the matter.

卫生当局正调查这件事。

搭配by the authority of 得到…许可；根据…所授的权力，经…许可

have authority over 有权，管理

in authority 持有权力的地位

串记authentic, arbitrary

brief [ bri:f ] adj. 简短的，简洁的

n. 摘要，大纲

vt. 作概述，简单介绍

例句To be brief (with you),we can’t accept such harsh terms. 简单地(对你)说，我们不能接受这样苛刻的条件。

搭配in brief 简单地说；简言之

串记briefcase, relief

command [ kE5mB:nd ] v. 命令，指挥，控制；掌握；博得

n. 命令，指挥，控制；掌握

例句①She has a good command of spoken English. 她的英语口语很熟练。

②The general commanded his men to attack the city. 将军下令部下攻城。

③The plight of the famine victims commands everyone’s sympathy. 饥民的苦境值得大家同情。

搭配at sb.’s command 听某人支配

get command of 控制

have a good command of 能自由应用

take command of 开始担任…指挥

串记commence, commerce,commercial, comment

continuous [ kEn5tinjuEs ] adj. 连续的，持续的

例句Our politicalinstitutions are in continuous evolution. 我们的政治制度正在不断发展中。

搭配under continuousobservation 接受持续观察

串记continual,continuity, continue

diverse [ dai5vE:s ] adj. 不同的，变化多的

例句Chinese people speakdiverse dialects. 中国人说着各种各样的方言。

搭配diverse interests 不同的兴趣

串记reverse, converse

equivalent [ i5kwivElEnt ] adj. 相等的，相当的，等价的

n. 等价物，相等物

例句①Some American words have no British equivalent. 美国英语的一些单词在英国英语中没有对等的词。

②He changed his pounds for the equivalent amount of dollars. 他把英镑换成了等值的美元。

③His behavior is equivalent to treason. 他的行为等于背叛。

搭配the equivalent of… …的等同物

be equivalent to 相等[当]于…，等(同)于，与…等效

串记violent, silent,talent

exaggerate [ i^5zAdVEreit ] vt. 夸张，夸大，对…言过其实

vi. 夸张，夸大其词

例句①He has an exaggerated idea of his own importance. 他自视过高。

②The seriousness of the situation has been much exaggerated by thepress. 形势的严重性被报纸夸大了。

串记accelerate, tolerate

gap [ ^Ap ] n. 缺口；差距；空白；缺乏

例句①After a gap of 30 years thecustom was reintroduced. 这一风俗中断了30年后又兴起来了。

②We must gradually reduce the wage gap. 我们要逐步缩小工资差距。

搭配generation gap 代沟

import [ im5pC:t ] n. 进口货(常用复数)；进口，输入；重要性；要旨

vt. 输入，进口；含…的意思

vi. 有关系

例句①I should like to know what his action imports. 我倒想知道他的行动用意何在。

②It imports little that we are early or late. 我们早到或迟到没什么关系。

③Imports of household appliances rose last month. 上个月家用电器进口增加了。

串记export,report, support, transport, passport

initial [ i5niFEl ] adj. 最初的，开头的；词首的

n. 词首大写字母

vt. 用姓名的首字母签名

例句①The initials U. S. stand for the United States. 大写首字母U. S. 代表美国。

②At present, China is still on the initial stage of socialism. 现在，中国仍然处在社会主义的初级阶段。

搭配the initial issue ofa magazine 杂志的创刊号

initial document 草签文件

串记initiative

interference [ 7intE5fiErEns ] n. (in) 干涉，干预；(with) 妨碍，打扰

例句I hate interferencewith my work. 我讨厌别人打扰我的工作。

搭配interference ininternal affairs 干涉内政

串记interfere; inference,preference, reference, conference

knock [ nCk ] v. & n. 敲，打，撞，碰；敲打某物，碰撞

例句①She took a bad knock when her husband died. 她丈夫的死使她受到沉重的打击。

②She knocked the bottom out of our argument. 她把我们的论点驳得体无完肤。

搭配knock off 减价；掸土；收工

knock into sb. 撞在某人身上

knock out 打出；敲掉；(使)失败；打昏过去

串记block, shock

launch [ lC:ntF, lB:ntF ] v. 发射；使(船)下水；发动，开展

n. 发射；下水

例句①The company is launching a new model next month. 下个月公司将推出新型产品。

②The ship princess will be launched on the first of this month. “公主”号轮船将在本月一号下水。

搭配launch a campaign 发起运动

launch into 开始(侃侃而谈)，起劲地开始

launch out 出航，乘船去；开始，着手；大肆挥霍

串记bunch

leading [ 5li:diN ] adj. 领导的，指导的；最主要的；一流的

例句She is the leadinglady in the play. 她是剧中扮演女主角的演员。

搭配the leading candidate领先的候选人

the leading cause of high inflation 导致高通货膨胀率的主要原因

串记leader, leadership

leisure [ 5leVE,5li:VE ] n. 空闲，闲暇；悠闲，安逸

例句①I’ll return the call at my leisure. 我有空就会来拜访。

②Fishing is a popular leisure activity. 钓鱼是一项大众闲暇活动。

③A life of leisure makes a man less adventurous. 安逸的生活会使人变得不思进取。

搭配at leisure 有空，闲着无事，从从容容地

leisure time 空闲时间

leisure travel 休闲的旅行

串记measure, pleasure,pressure, treasure

location [ lEu5keiFEn ] n. 位置，场所，特定区域；定位，测位；外景拍摄地

搭配a suitable locationfor new houses 适合建造新房屋的地点

串记locate

accumulate [ E5kju:mjuleit ] vt. 堆积，积累，积聚

vi. 堆积，累积，聚积

例句He accumulated a goodlibrary. 他积累了丰富的藏书。

搭配accumulate experience积累经验

串记isolate, regulate,violate, stimulate

appreciate [ E5pri:Fieit ] vt. 赏识，鉴赏；感激；评价

vi. 增值，涨价

例句①We all appreciate a holiday after a year of hard working. 一年辛苦工作之后，大家都能领略假期的乐趣。

②We highly appreciate your cooperation and understanding. 非常感激你们的合作与理解。

串记apparent

agent [ 5eidVEnt ] n. 代理商(人)；代表；特工；原因

例句①FBI is on the look out for the agent these days. 这些天联邦调查局正在注意那个特工。

②He is a real estate agent. 他是一个房地产经纪人。

串记agenda; agency

anxious [ 5ANkFEs ] adj. 忧虑的，焦急的；急于(得到的)，渴望的

例句①I’m anxious about her safety. 我对她的安全担心。

②They were anxious that aid should be sent promptly. 他们盼望援助物品迅速送到。

搭配be anxious about 忧虑，担心，害怕(结果)

anxious for sth. 渴望有(得到)

串记anxiety

arouse [ E5rauz ] vt. 唤醒；鼓励；唤起，引起

vi. 睡醒

例句His sufferingsaroused our sympathy. 他的痛苦唤起了我们的同情。

搭配arouse sb. from sleep唤醒某人

arouse public conscience 唤起世人的良心

串记rouse,spouse

arrest [ E5rest ] vt. 逮捕，拘留；停止，阻止；吸引

n. 逮捕，拘留；停止

例句①The police arrested the thief. 警察逮捕了小偷。

②An unusual painting arrested his attention. 一幅异乎寻常的画引起了他的注意。

串记asset

assure [ E5FuE ] vt. 使确信，使放心；向…保证

例句I can assure you ofthe reliability of the information. 我向你保证这消息可靠。

搭配assure sb. of/that 担保，使确定

串记ensure,insure

attraction [ E5trAkFEn ] n. 吸引力；具有吸引力的事物(或人)；吸引

例句①She felt a strong attraction to him. 她感到他对她有强烈的吸引力。

②City life holds few attractions for me. 城市生活中没有吸引我的东西。

搭配have attraction for 对…有吸引力

串记attention; attractive

attribute [ E5tribju(：)t ] n. 属性，品质，特征

v. (to) 把…归因于，把(过错，责任)归于

例句①Politeness is an attribute of a gentleman.

彬彬有礼是绅士的本色。

②His success is attributed to great efforts rather than opportunity.

他的成功与其说是由于机遇，不如说是由于努力。

搭配attribute to 把…归因于

串记contribute, distribute

bargain [ 5bB:^in ] n. 交易，协议；廉价货

v. 议价，成交，讨价还价；指望，期待

例句①The company finally reached a bargain with the antique dealer overthe lamp.

这个公司最后和古董商签订了这个灯的买卖合约。

②Dealers bargain with growers over the price of coffee.

商人与种植者就咖啡的价格进行商洽。

③The exam was more difficult than I had bargained for.

这次考试之难出乎我的意料之外。

搭配bargain with (与某人)讨价还价；洽谈成交条件；谈判

bargain for/on (常与否定词连用)预料，指望

串记grain, drain, chain, complain

beneficial [ beni5fiFEl ] adj. 有利的，有益的

例句Sunshine isbeneficial to plants. 阳光对植物有益。

串记benefit

bore [ bC: ] n. 讨厌的人；麻烦事

v. 使烦扰；钻孔，挖(洞)；忍受(bear的过去式)

例句①He bored us all by talking for hours about his new house.

他连续几个小时大谈他的新房子，使我们大家都厌烦透了。

②The soldier bore the sharp pain in the wound with great courage.

这士兵以巨大的勇气忍受着伤口的剧烈疼痛。

搭配bore sb. with/bydoing 因做某事或某物使人心烦

串记core

accomplish [ E5kQmpliF ] vt. 实现(计划等)，达到(目的)，完成(任务)

例句I have accomplished agreat deal in the last few months. 在过去的几个月里我完成了相当多的工作。

串记accompany,accommodation

casual [ 5kAVjuEl ] adj. 偶然的，不经意的；临时的，非正式的

例句①The casual newspaper reader wouldn’t like long articles on serioussubjects every day.

随便看看报纸的人不愿每天看那些主题严肃的长文章。

②Such casual dress would not be correct for a formal occasion.

这样的便服不宜在正式的场合穿。

搭配a casual friendship 不可靠的友谊

a casual labor 临时工人

串记cassette, castle

ceremony [ 5serimEni ] n. 典礼，仪式；礼节，礼仪

例句①There’s no need for ceremony between friends. 朋友之间不必拘礼。

②The marriage ceremony took place in the church. 婚礼在教堂举行。

搭配stand on ceremony 拘于形式

串记harmony

channel [ 5tFAnl ] n. 水道；海峡；路线；频道

vt. 引导；形成河道

例句①They cut a channel from the river to bring water to the field. 他们从河那里挖了条沟渠把水引到地里。

②Your complaint must be made through the proper channels. 你必须通过正当途径投诉。

commerce [ 5kCmE(：)s ] n. 商业，贸易

例句We must promotecommerce with neighboring countries. 我们必须促进与邻国的贸易。

搭配internationalcommerce 国际贸易

串记commercial; commence,command, comment

conscious [ 5kCnFEs ] adj. 意识到的，自觉地；清醒的；有意的

例句①We should be conscious of our shortcomings. 我们应意识到自已的缺点。

②I had to make a conscious effort not to be rude to him. 我得刻意约束自己不要对他粗鲁。

搭配be conscious of/that…意识到…

串记conscience

debate [ di5beit ] v. & n. 争论；辩论；考虑

例句①The government is debating the education laws. 政府正在就教育法进行辩论。

②He was debating whether to go for a walk or to visit a friend. 他在考虑去散步还是去访友。

搭配debate about/on/uponsth. 就某事进行辩论

debate with sb. 跟…辩论

串记dispute

destructive [ dis5trQktiv ] adj. 破坏(性)的；有害的

例句①It was the most destructive storm in 30 years. 那是三十年来毁灭性最大的风暴。

②A locust is a kind of destructive insect. 蝗虫是一种害虫。

搭配be destructive of 对…有破坏作用

串记constructive; destruction

doubtful [ 5dautful ] adj. 可疑的；不确定的；不可靠的；不大可能的

例句①He is a doubtful character. 他是一个不可靠的人。

②It is doubtful whether she will be admitted to graduate school. 她能否考上研究生还是个疑问。

③It is extremely doubtful that anyone survived the explosion. 在那场爆炸中很难有幸存者。

搭配feel doubtful aboutgoing/about whether to go or not 拿不定主意去不去(不知道应否去)

串记awful, fearful

emergency [ i5mE:dVEnsi ] n. 紧急情况，突然事件，非常时刻；急诊

例句①You should only use this door in an emergency. 在紧急情况下才能使用这扇门。

②The hospital has to treat emergencies such as car accidents. 这个医院要处理诸如车祸一类的急诊。

搭配in an emergency (incase of emergency) 遇到紧急情况，在紧急关头

串记agency

faint [ feint ] adj. 微弱的，暗淡的，模糊的，不明显的

n. & v. 昏倒，昏晕

例句There is still afaint hope that she may be cured. 她还有痊愈的一线希望。

fatal [ 5feitl ] adj. 致命的，毁灭性的；命中注定的；决定性的

例句①We dealt the enemy a fatal blow. 我们给敌人以致命的打击。

②His illness was fatal to our plans. 他生病后我们的计划就落空了。

搭配be fatal to/for 对…是致命的，毁灭性的

a fatal car accident 致命的车祸

串记vital, crucial

fatigue [ fE5ti:^ ] n. 疲劳

v. (使)疲劳

例句Several men droppedwith fatigue during the long march. 有几个人在长途行军中因疲劳而掉队。

搭配pale with fatigue 疲惫得苍白

串记unique, antique,cheque

forbid [ fE5bid ] v. 禁止，不许，阻止

例句①Most of the parents forbid their children to smoke. 大多数父母禁止自己的孩子抽烟。

②I forbid you to go. 我不许你去。

③Lack of time forbids any further discussion at the point. 由于时间不够，现在不能深入讨论这个问题。

搭配forbid sb. to do sth.禁止某人做某事

forbid doing sth. 禁止做某事

forbid sb. Wine 禁止某人饮酒

串记forgive, forget

guarantee [ 7^ArEn5ti: ] n. 保证，保证书，担保；抵押品

vt. 保证，担保，保修

例句①Many shopkeepers guarantee satisfaction to customers. 许多店主对顾客许诺一定让他们满意。

②The new television had a guarantee with it. 这台新电视机有保修单。

③Blue skies are not a guarantee of continuing fine weather. 蔚蓝的天空不能够保证天气持续晴朗。

guilty [ 5^ilti ] adj. 犯罪的，有罪的；内疚的，心虚的

例句①George felt very guilty about forgetting to post Herbert’s letter. 乔治因忘了给赫伯特寄信而非常过意不去。

②The court found him guilty. 法官判他有罪。

搭配be/feel guilty about (at,for) 由于…而内疚

be guilty of 犯，有…之罪

串记novelty, faulty

hang [ hAN ] v. 悬挂；(使)低垂；悬浮(在空中)；逗留；绞死

n. 悬挂方式；悬挂；绞刑

例句①The rooms were hung with tapestries. 这些房间都装饰著挂毯。

②He was hanged for murder. 他因犯谋杀罪而被处以绞刑。

③A great deal hangs on this decision. 这个决定关系重大。

搭配hang out 消磨时间，闲荡；约会

hang up 挂断电话；推迟或搁置；妨碍

串记gang,bang

identical [ ai5dentikEl ] adj. (to/with) 同一的，同样的

例句①We are identical in our views of what should be done. 我们双方对应当怎么办的看法是一致的。

②My opinion is identical with his. 我的意见和他的意见相同。

搭配be identical to/with 和…的一模一样

串记impractical, optical,political, practical, theoretical

intensity [ in5tensiti ] n. 强烈，剧烈；强度；亮度

例句①The pain increased in intensity. 疼痛越来越剧烈。

②The poem showed great intensity of feeling. 这首诗表现出强烈的激情。

串记intense, intensive, intensify; density,intension

interfere [ 7intE5fiE ] v. (in) 干涉，干预；(with) 妨碍，打扰

例句We have no right tointerfere in the internal affairs of other countries. 我们没有权利干涉别国内政。

搭配interfere with 妨碍；乱动；干涉，干扰

interfere in 干涉，干预

串记interference

internal [ in5tE:nl ] adj. 内部的，内的；国内的，内政的

例句①In our internal deliberations he spoke in favor of reducing defense expenditures.

在内部讨论时，他表示赞成削减军事开支。

②They are always bent on interfering in other countries' internalaffairs.

他们总是蓄意干涉别国内政。

串记external

license/licence [ 5laisEns ] n. 许可证，执照；特许

v. 准许；发许可证

例句①We are sure that these purchases will soon be licensed. 我们相信订货不久即可得到批准。

②His license was revoked as a warning. 他被吊销执照，以示惩戒。

literacy [ 5litErEsi ] n. 有文化，有教养；有读写能力

例句Mass literacy wasonly possible after the invention of printing. 发明了印刷术后文化教育才得以普及。

mere [ miE ] adj. 纯粹的；仅仅，只不过

例句Your hope of promotionis a mere delusion. 你提升的希望只不过是一种幻觉。

串记bare

alert [ E5lE:t ] adj. 警觉的；机灵的

n. 警惕，警觉

vt. 使…处于戒备；发空袭或暴风警报；警告，作…准备

例句①Troops are on the alert against any possible aggression. 军队戒备着可能的来犯者。

②You must keep alert in class. 你们应该在课堂上保持活跃。

搭配alert to 警告

on the alert 保持警觉

串记exert, convert, insert

accurate [ 5Akjurit ] adj. 正确无误的；准确的，精确的

例句①His description was accurate. 他的叙述很正确。

②Newspaper reports are not always accurate in what they write. 新闻记者写的东西并不总是很准确。

搭配be accurate in 在…方面很精确

an accurate answer 准确的答案

串记accustom

absorb [ Eb5sC:b ] vt. 吸收；理解；占用；使全神贯注

例句①This job absorbs all of my time. 这件工作占用了我的全部时间。

②He is absorbed in studying the science. 他专心致力于科学研究。

③The soil can absorb the rainwater. 土壤会吸收雨水。

搭配to absorb in study 专心研读

be absorbed in 专心于

bloom [ blu:m ] n. 花；旺盛；青春；红润

v. (使)开花，(使)繁盛

例句①The garden is blooming with spring flowers. 园内春花盛开。

②Their frequent rows took the bloom off their marriage. 他们经常吵架，使得美满婚姻恶化。

③Our friendship is blooming. 我们之间情长谊深。

搭配in the bloom of youth 正当青春

in the bloom of beauty 正当豆蔻年华

take the bloom off sth. 使某物失去光采显得陈旧

bloom into 发育为，成长为

串记boom

calm [ kB:m ] adj. (天气、海洋等)静的；镇静的，沉着的

v. (使)平静，(使)镇定；平息

n. 平静

例句①You should keep calm even in face of danger. 即使面临危险，你也要保持镇静。

②After the storm, the air calmed. 暴风雨之后，空气变得清新了。

搭配calm down 平静下来；镇定下来

串记palm, realm

collision [ kE5liVEn ] n. 碰撞；(利益，意见等的)冲突，抵触

例句①The Government and the unions are on a collision course. 政府和工会必将发生冲突。

②Her political activities brought her into collision with the law. 她的政治活动触犯了法律。

搭配come into collisionwith 和…相撞[冲突，抵触]

in collisionwith 和…相撞[冲突]

costly [ 5kCstli ] adj. 昂贵的，贵重的；豪华的

例句The ring was verycostly. 这枚戒指价钱很贵。

deaf [ def ] adj. 聋的；不注意的，不愿意听的

例句She turned a deaf earto our warnings and got lost. 她对我们的警告充耳不闻，结果迷失了方向。

搭配turn a deaf ear to 不理会，充耳不闻

be deaf in 听不见的

串记disabled, blind, limb,cripple

depress [ di5pres ] v. 压下，降低；(使)沮丧

例句①He was depressed because he had not passed his examinations. 他很沮丧，因为他没有通过考试。

②The rainy days always depress me. 雨天总是使我沮丧。

串记press,impress, compress, express; depression

derive [ di5raiv ] v. 获得；导出；引申；起源于，出自

例句①Many English words are derived from Latin. 许多英语词汇源于拉丁文。

②We shall derive much benefit from reading good novels. 优秀小说使我们受益良多。

搭配derive from 来自

串记deprive, thrive

devote [ di5vEut ] v. 献身，专心于，致力于

例句He devoted all histime to his job. 他把他的全部时间都用在工作上了。

搭配devote to 把…献给，致力于，献身

devote oneself to 致力于，献身于

串记vote,voltdim [ dim ] adj. 暗淡的；模糊的

v. 使暗淡；使失去光泽

例句①The lights in the theatre began to dim. 戏院里的灯光开始暗下来。

②Old age hasn’t dimmed her memory. 她虽然年事已高，但记忆并未模糊。

搭配be dim and remote 渺茫

a dim future 不乐观的前途

take a dim view of 对…持悲观看法；对…持怀疑态度

串记dig

distribute [ dis5tribju(：)t ] v. 分发，分配，分布；配(电)；(over)散布

例句①They distributed new clothes to the children in the orphanage. 他们把新衣服发给孤儿院的小孩们。

②The books in the library were distributed according to subjects. 图书馆里的藏书按科目分类。

③Some types of plants are widely distributed. 有些植物分布得很广。

搭配distribute…to/among 把…分给

串记attribute, contribute

engagement [ in5^eidVmEnt ] n. 约会，约定；婚约，订婚；雇佣；交战

例句①Their engagement was announced in the local paper. 他们订婚的消息已登在当地报纸上。

②The general tried to avoid an engagement with the enemy. 那位将军竭力避免与敌军交战。

③He had only enough money to meet his engagements. 他的钱仅够付合同款。

extend [ iks5tend ] v. 延长，延伸；扩充；给予；提供；估价

例句①The wet weather extended into September. 潮湿阴雨的天气延续到九月份。

②We are extending our premises. 我们正在扩大我们的经营场所。

搭配extend your hands 伸出你的手

串记extension,extent, extensive; intend, pretend, attend

external [ iks5tE:nl ] adj. 外部的，表面的；客观的；外国的；[医]外用的

n. 外部，外面

例句①This news program only covers external events. 这一新闻节目只报道国外消息。

②Going to church is an external act of worship. 做礼拜是敬拜的外在行为。

搭配external to 位于…外部的

串记exclusive; internal

extreme [ iks5tri:m ] adj. 末端的，尽头的；极度的，极端的，偏激的

n. 极端，极度(状态)；最大程度

例句①He lives at the extreme edge of the forest. 他住在森林的尽头。

②Love and hatred are extremes of passion. 爱和恨是感情的两个极端。

搭配go to extremes 走极端

in the extreme极其，非常

favo(u)rite [ 5feivErit ] n. 特别喜欢的人(或物)

adj. 喜爱的，宠爱的

例句①Oranges are my favorite fruit. 柑橘是我最喜爱的水果。

②David’s a great favorite with his teacher. 大卫是他的老师最为喜欢的学生。

串记favor

finance [ fai5nAns,fi- ] n. 财政，金融，财政学

v. 供给…经费，负担经费

例句①Finance for the National Health Service comes from taxpayers. 国家卫生局的资金来自纳税人的税款。

②The scheme is partly financed by a government grant. 计划的一部分是由政府资助的。

串记financial

flash [ flAF ] n. & adj. 闪光(的)

v. 发光，闪亮；闪现

例句①A bolt of lightning flashed across the horizon. 一道闪电划过地平线。

②His eyes flash with anger. 他眼中冒出怒火。

③The idea flashed into his mind. 这念头突然闪过他的脑海。

搭配flash in the pan 昙花一现

flash back 反射，闪现，倒叙，闪回

flashes of lighting 闪电

flash freezing 速冻

串记clash, smash, dash,ash, trash

generous [ 5dVenErEs ] adj. 慷慨的；宽宏大量的，大度的；丰富的

例句①She was always very generous in her charity. 她行善时总是很慷慨。

②One should be generous with his time in assisting others. 一个人应该尽量协助别人。

③It is most generous of you to forgive me. 你原谅我真是宽宏大量。

搭配be generous with 在…上面很大方

be generous in 乐于

串记generalize, generally

guideline [ 5^aidlain ] n. 指导路线；方针；准则

例句Our guideline wouldbe the prevailing world market prices. 我们要以当时的国际市场的价格为准绳。

illustrate [ 5ilEstreit ] v. 举例说明，阐明；图解，加插图于

例句His story illustratesher true generosity very clearly. 他所说的事很清楚地说明了她确实慷慨大方。

串记frustrate

intensive [ in5tensiv ] adj. 加强的，集中的；深入细致的；精耕细作的

例句①This patient requires intensive care. 该病人需要加强护理。

②An intensive search failed to reveal any clues. 经过彻底搜查未发现任何线索。

串记intensity, intense, intensify

interact [ 7intEr5Akt ] vi. 互相作用，互相影响

例句①All things are interrelated and interact on each other. 一切事物互相联系并互相作用。

②Emotions interact with health. 情绪与健康互相影响。

搭配interact on 作用，影响；制约，配合

interact with 与…相合；互动；相互作用

串记react,intact, impact

limitation [ 7limi5teiFEn ] n. 限制，限度

(pl.) 局限

例句①He knows his limitations. 他自知他的缺陷。

②The government has imposed limitation on imports. 政府已经对进口量加以限制。

loan [ lEun ] n. (借出的)贷款；借出

v. 贷款；借，借给

例句①The artist loaned her pictures to the museum. 这位艺术家把她的绘画借给博物馆。

②A loan of money would help me out of my predicament. 只需一笔贷款就能帮我摆脱困境。

搭配on loan 出借

串记load, unload

agency [ 5eidVEnsi ] n. 代理(处)；代办处；[美](政府的)机关，厅

例句He is a reporter fromXinhua agency. 他是一名新华社记者。

搭配sole agency 独家代理

agency general 总代理

an employment agency 职业介绍所

串记agent; emergency

abandon [ E5bAndEn ] vt. 遗弃，放弃，抛弃

n. 放纵；沉溺

例句①We abandoned the search for the missing hiker. 我们放弃了搜寻走失的远足者。

②They abandoned the game because of rain. 因为下雨他们停止了比赛。

③He abandoned himself to despair. 他陷入绝望中。

搭配abandon doing sth. 放弃做某事

abandon oneself to 放纵自己，使自己沉溺于

串记discard；abundant

advisable [ Ed5vaizEbl ] adj. 可取的，明智的，适当的

例句It is not advisablejust to sit there brooding about the unpleasant bygones.

老是坐在那里闷闷不乐地想着过去那些不愉快的事情并不好。

advocate [ 5AdvEkit ] n. 提倡者，鼓吹者；律师，辩护者

vt. 提倡，主张；鼓吹，拥护，

例句①He advocates building more schools. 他主张多建几所学校。

②He will be his own best advocate. 他自己就是最好的辩护人。

串记delicate

amuse [ E5mju:z ] vt. 使欢乐，逗笑；娱乐，消遣

例句①The children were amused at the story teller’s jokes. 孩子们被讲故事的人的笑话逗乐了。

②I amuse myself with (by) reading. 我以读书自娱。

搭配amuse oneself with 以…自娱

串记abuse, accuse

assemble [ E5sembl ] v. 收集，集合，聚集；装配，组装

例句①All the people assembled at Mary’s house. 所有的人都聚集在玛丽的屋子里。

②It took me two hours to assemble the bicycle. 我用了两小时把自行车装配起采。

串记resemble

asset [ 5Aset ] n. (pl.) 资产，财产；有价值的物品；优点

例句①Good health is a great asset. 健康的身体是一笔极大的财富。

②He’s an enormous asset to the team. 他是队里的骨干。

串记arrest

barely [ 5beEli ] adv. 赤裸裸地，无遮蔽地；仅仅，勉强；几乎没有

例句①Our accommodation is barely adequate. 我们的住房不太够用。

②Their wages are barely enough to keep the wolf from the door. 他们的工资勉强够维持生活的。

串记rarely, scarely,merely

breed [ bri:d ] v. 繁殖，产仔；养育，培养；产生

n. 品种，种类

例句①Unemployment breeds social unrest.

失业能造成社会不安定。

②The islanders are a strong breed of people.

岛上的居民是一个体格强壮的民族。

③It is observed that many animals do not breed when in captivity.

人们注意到许多动物一被关入笼中就不生育了。

串记bleed, beard, bloodshed

charm [ tFB:m ] n. 吸引力，魅力；符咒

vt. 吸引，迷住，(使)陶醉；施魔法于

vi. 用符咒；有魔力

例句Her graciousnesscharmed everyone at the party. 她的风采令社交聚会上的每一个人倾倒。

搭配work like a charm 奏效

be charmed with 醉心于，给…迷住

like a charm效验如神地

conservation [ kRnsE5veiF(E)n ] n. 保护，保存；守恒

例句There is a need forthe conservation of trees, or there will soon be no forests.

有必要保护树木，否则不久就会没有森林了。

搭配the conservation ofenergy 能量守恒(定律)

串记convenience,convention

convention [ kEn5venF(E)n ] n. 大会，会议；惯例，常规，习俗；公约，协定

例句①It is the convention for men to wear suits on formal occasions. 男子在正式场合穿套装是一种社会习俗。

②The mayor will keynote the convention. 市长将在大会上作主旨发言。

搭配a teachers’convention 教师代表会议

串记conservation,convenience; conventional

coordinate [ kEu5C:dinit ] n. 同等者，同等物 ；坐标

adj. 同等的，并列的

vt. 调整，协调；使同等

例句If we coordinate ourefforts we should be able to win the game.

如果我们同心协力，我们应该能够打赢这场比赛。

串记cooperate,desperate, operate

crack [ krAk ] n. 裂缝；爆裂声；猛击；俏皮话

v. 破裂；发出爆裂声；撞击；破解；变嘶哑；崩溃；开玩笑

例句①The suspect cracked under questioning. 嫌疑分子在审问之下招供了。

②Have another crack at solving this puzzle. 再试一试把这个难题解决了吧。

搭配crack down 镇压

crack up 撞坏；垮掉，精神崩溃

a hard nut to crack 棘手的人或事

串记lack, pack, track

defend [ di5fend ] v. 保卫，防护，防守；为…辩护

例句①Our duty is to defend the country against its enemies. 我们的职责是保卫国家不受敌人的侵犯。

②He had a good lawyer to defend him. 他有一个好律师为他辩护。

搭配defend sb. from harm 保护某人免受伤害

串记depend,descend, offend

demanding [ di5mB:ndiN ] adj. 过分要求的，苛求的；费力的，费神的

例句This job is verydemanding. 这项工作很费力。

串记demand

demonstrate [ 5demEnstreit ] vt. 表现；证明，论证；演示，说明

vi. 示威

例句①He demonstrated how to use the new machine. 他演示怎样使用这台新机器。

②Our troops demonstrate remarkable courage. 我们的队伍表现地无比勇敢。

串记democracy,democratic, domestic

deposit [ di5pCzit ] n. 存款，押金，保证金；存放物，堆积物；沉淀物

v. 存放；使沉淀；付(保证金)；下蛋

例句①When the River Nile is in flood, it deposits a layer of mud on thefields.

尼罗河泛滥时在田野上沉积一层泥。

②He put a deposit on a house.

他给一所房子付了押金。

③Deposit these checks into the savings account.

把这些支票存进储蓄账户。

搭配on deposit 储存；存于银行

deposit sth. in 把某物存放在…

depression [ di5preFEn ] n. 不景气，萧条期；沮丧，消沉

例句①A holiday will help his depression. 度假会帮助他改善抑郁情绪。

②The threat of an economic depression hangs over the world. 经济衰退的威胁笼罩着世界。

串记depress;impression

disappear [ 7disE5piE ] vi. 消失，不见

例句①My wallet has disappeared from the table. 我放在桌子上的钱包不见了。

②His anger soon disappeared. 他的怒气一会儿就消了。

串记disorder

dominate [ 5dCmineit ] v. 支配，控制；占优势；盛行

例句①A great man can dominate others by force of character. 伟人能以人格力量支配他人。

②The strong usually dominate the weak. 强者通常统治弱者。

串记dominant;eliminate, contaminate

economical [ 7i:kE5nCmikEl ] adj. 节约的；经济的

例句Going by train ismore economical than going by plane. 坐火车比坐飞机更节约。

搭配an economical person 节俭的人

be economical of 节俭，节省

an economical style of writing 简练的写作风格

串记economic, economy, economics,economist

enforce [ in5fC:s ] v. 实行，执行；强制；支持，坚持(要求，主张等)

例句①The new regulation will be enforced from the first of April. 新规则将于4月1日开始实施。

②Have you any statistics that would enforce your argument? 你有没有支持自己论点的统计数字？

③Don’t enforce your will on the child, please. 请别把你的意愿强加给这孩子。

搭配enforce on/upon 迫使，把…强加于

串记enable, engage, enlarge,enclose, enforce, enrich, entry, enroll

enrich [ in5ritF ] v. (使)富足；(使)肥沃；装饰；浓缩；加料于

例句①Music can certainly enrich your whole life. 音乐肯定会使你的整个生活丰富多彩。

②The library was enriched with new books. 新书充实了图书馆。

搭配enrich with 使…丰富

串记enforce,engage, enlarge, enclose, entry, enable, enroll

enthusiasm [ in5Wju:ziAzEm ] n. 热情，热心；狂热；积极性(for)；热衷的事物

例句①She shows boundless enthusiasm for the work. 她对工作表现出无限的热情。

②Gardening is his latest enthusiasm. 他近来爱好上了园艺。

搭配with enthusiasm 热情[烈]地

be in enthusiasm 怀有热情

evil [ 5i:vl ] adj. 邪恶的，罪恶的；不幸的

n. 邪恶，罪恶；灾难

例句①The bad man was punished for his evil acts. 那坏人因为他的罪恶行为而受到了惩罚。

②War, famine, and flood are terrible evils. 战争﹑饥荒、洪水都是可怕的灾难。

串记devil

excellence [ 5eksElEns ] n. 优秀，卓越，优越

例句①We do not recognize her excellences. 我们并没有发现她的优点。

②The firm is a byword for excellence. 这家商号是优质的保证。

串记excellent

expansion [ iks5pAnFEn ] n. 扩大，膨胀；张开，伸展

例句①His economic policies paved the way for industrial expansion.

他的经济政策为工业的扩展铺平了道路。

②His big book is an expansion of the little book he wrote before.

他的大部头书是他以前写的小部头的扩充本。

串记extension

faculty [ 5fAkElti ] n. 才能，本领，能力；(大学的)系，科；全体教员

例句①She has the faculty to learn languages easily.

她有轻而易举学会语言的才能。

②After expansion in the 1960’s, University of Southampton in the U. K.now has eight faculties.

自20世纪60年代扩大后，英国的南安普顿大学现有8个学院。

串记facility

feed [ fi:d ] vt. 供应食物(或饲料)给；用餐；放牧；养育

n. 动物的饲料，婴儿的食物；进食；一顿饭

例句①There’s enough here to feed us all. 这里有足够的食物够我们大家吃的。

②Hatred feeds on envy. 因妒生恨。

③I was fed up with my boss' constant complaints. 我对于老板不停的抱怨已经烦不胜烦。

搭配feed back 反馈，反应

be fed up (with) 极其厌倦(或不满)的

feed on/upon 以…为食，以…为能源

fleet [ fli:t ] n. 舰队，海军

vi. 疾驰，飞逝，掠过；消磨时间

例句The fleet ismaneuvering in combination with the air unit. 舰队正在和航空部队进行联合演习。

fond [ fCnd ] adj. 喜爱的，溺爱的；愚蠢的；渴望的

例句John’s extremely fondof pointing out other people’s mistakes. 约翰特别喜欢挑别人的毛病。

搭配be fond of 喜爱；爱好

串记pond, beyond, correspond, respond

furthermore [ f\:TE5mC:(r) ] adv. 此外，而且

例句The house is toosmall, and furthermore, it’s too far from the office. 这座房子太小，而且离办公地点也太远。

串记furnace, furnish,funeral, furniture

hook [ huk ] n. 钩，吊钩

v. 钩住；上瘾

例句①My dress hooks at the back.

我的衣服是从后面挂在钩上的。

②She’s completely hooked on the idea of a camping holiday.

她一心想着来个野营度假。

③The BBC is hooked up with Australian television by satellite.

英国广播公司通过卫星与澳大利亚电视实行联播。

搭配hook up 以钩钩住

off the hook 摆脱困境，脱身

indifferent [ in5difErEnt ] adj. 无关紧要的；冷淡的，不积极的

例句He is indifferent tothe result of the exam. 他对考试结果漠不关心。

搭配be indifferent to 对…漠不关心

indispensable [ 7indis5pensEbl ] adj. (to, for) 必不可少的，必需的

n. 不可缺少之物

例句①Air and water are indispensable to life. 空气和水是生命所必需的东西。

②A good dictionary is indispensable for learning a foreign language. 学习外语离不开好的词典。

搭配an indispensableworker 必不可少的工作人员

an indispensable obligation 不能推卸的义务

串记independent, indifferent,incredible

inevitable [ in5evitEbl ] adj. 不可避免的，必然的

例句It seems inevitablethat they’ll lose. 看来他们的败局是势不可免了。

搭配bow to the inevitable听天由命

interval [ 5intEvEl ] n. 间隔，间歇；(幕间时间)休息

例句①Trains leave at short intervals. 每隔很短时间就有火车开动。

②There was a long interval before he answered the telephone. 隔了好久他才回了电话。

搭配at intervals 相隔一段距离；不时

at the interval 在中间休息时

串记rival,arrival, removal, interval, survival

joint [ dVRint ] n. 接合处，接头，接缝；骨节

adj. 联合的的；连接的

vt. 连接，使有接头

vi. 贴合；长节

例句①Under the joint effort, they succeeded. 在共同努力下，他们成功了。

②We hope to have joint venture with your company. 我们希望能和贵公司进行合资经营。

搭配joint venture 合资

lonely [ 5lEunli ] adj. 孤独的，寂寞的；人迹罕至的

例句He has so few friendsthat his life is lonely. 他的朋友很少，因此他的生活非常孤单。

串记loneliness, alone

loyalty [ 5lCiElti ] n. 忠诚，忠心

例句①Don’t allow personal loyalty to color your judgment. 不要因讲义气而影响了你的判断。

②All the men took a vow of loyalty to their leader. 所有士兵都发誓效忠他们的指挥官。

串记royalty

mature [ mE5tjuE ] adj. 成熟的；充分考虑的；(票据等)到期的；成年人的

v. (使)成熟

例句①Having an independent life, I mature a lot at college. 独立的生活使我在大学里成熟多了。

②The trees are maturing into their full green. 这些树正在长大，渐呈一片深绿。

③He matured the novel by constant revision. 他一改再改，使小说渐臻完善。

串记creature, torture,gesture, feature, mixture

mechanical [ mi5kAnikl ] adj. 机械的，由机械制成的；机械似的，呆板的

例句She was quitemechanical and unthinking in the way she ironed the shirts. 她熨衬衣时样子呆板，不动脑筋。

串记mechanism

ambitious [ Am5biFEs ] adj. 野心勃勃的，有抱负的；渴望的

例句①They are ambitious although they are poor. 他们人穷志不穷。

②I am not ambitious of ridicule. 我并不想受人嘲弄。

搭配ambitious of/to 热望…的

an ambitious young manager 有雄心壮志的年轻经理

串记cautious,precious, suspicious

affection [ E5fekFEn ] n. 疾病；喜爱；感情，爱慕之情

例句He felt great affectionfor his sister. 他很疼他的妹妹。

串记infection, perfection;affect

absence [ 5AbsEns ] n. 缺乏，不存在；缺席，不在；缺席的时间

例句①We are in the absence of experience. 我们缺乏经验。

②In the absence of the manager, I shall be in charge. 经理不在的时候，由我负责。

搭配absence ofinformation 缺乏资料

absence from school through illness 因病缺课

in one’s absence 某人不在场

abstract [ 5AbstrAkt ] n. 摘要，概要；抽象

adj. 抽象的；非实在的

vt. 提取；摘录要点

例句①Her ideas seem a little abstract. 她的思想有点儿让人费解。

②Please abstract this scientific article. 请写出这篇科学论文的提纲。

搭配an abstract idea 抽象概念

in the abstract 在理论上，抽象意义的

串记contract,subtract, distract

adventure [ Ed5ventFE ] n. 冒险，奇遇，冒险的经历

v. 冒险，大胆进行

例句He’s sailed the sevenseas in search of adventure. 他闯荡七大洋去历险。

搭配at all adventure(s) 胡乱地；不顾一切地

put in adventure 使遭受危险，使冒风险

串记venture

alternative [ C:l5tE:nEtiv ] n. 供选择的对象，替换物

adj. 可选择的，二者择一的

例句①The way was blocked, so we went by an alternative road. 这条路被挡住了，因此我们走了另一条路。

②There was no other alternative but to fight till the victory. 除了战斗直到胜利，别无选择。

串记affirmative

applicable [ 5AplikEbl ] adj. 可应用(实施)的；适当的，合适的

例句①The new law is applicable from next Monday. 新法令下个星期一开始实施。

②That regulation is not applicable to this case. 那条规定不适用于这一情况。

串记applicant,application, appliance, applied

approximate [ E5prCksimeit ] adj. 近似的，大约的

vi. 接近，近似

例句①His income approximated ten thousand dollars a year.

他年收入近万美元。

②His description of what happened approximated to the truth, but hestill left a few details out.

他叙述所发生的事近于实情，但尚遗漏了几项细节。

搭配approximateperfection 臻于完善

approximate to 接近

串记appropriate

attain [ E5tein ] v. 获得；达到，完成

例句The day is not faroff when China will attain prosperity. 中国的兴盛是可以计日程功的。

搭配attain one’s goal 达到目

attain to 达到

串记abstain,obtain, stain, sustain

bachelor [ 5bAtFElE(r) ] n. 未婚男子，单身汉；学士(学位)

例句①The young bachelor will soon be taking a wife.

那年轻的单身汉不久就会娶太太。

②To do the job, you must have at least a bachelor degree in chemistry.

要做这项工作至少也要先取得化学学士学位。

bond [ bCnd ] n. 结合(物)，粘结(剂)；联系，连接；公债，债券，合同

v. 结合，粘合；存入关栈

例句①Common tastes form a bond between the two men.

共同的爱好使两人成为朋友。

②The trade agreement helped to strengthen the bonds between the twocountries.

这项贸易协定有助于加强两国之间的联系。

搭配enter into a bond 订契约

bonds of friendship 友邦

串记bind

burst [ 5bE:st ] v. 爆炸，胀裂；突然而起；闯入

n. 突然破裂；爆发；脉冲

例句①She burst through the door. 她突然闯进门。

②They burst out laughing. 他们突然大笑起来。

搭配burst in on 打断，打搅

burst into 突然发作

burst out 迸发；突然…起来

串记blast

campaign [ kAm5pein ] n. 战役；活动，竞选运动

vi. 发起运动，参加竞选

例句①This is an advertising campaign for a new product. 这是一项旨在推出新产品的广告计划。

②She spent her life campaigning for women’s rights. 她毕生致力于女权运动。

串记campus

competent [ 5kCmpitEnt ] adj. 有能力的；能胜任的；足够的

例句①She always does a competent job. 她总是干得很出色。

②Some young teachers are not so competent in their teaching. 有些年轻老师教学能力还比较欠缺。

搭配competent at/in one’swork 能胜任工作的

串记compete,competition, competitor, competitive

competitor [ kEm5petitE(r) ] n. 对手，竞争者；比赛者

例句There were 12competitors in the two-hundred-meter dash. 有十二名选手参加二百米赛跑。

concerning [ kEn5sE:niN ] prep. 关于，论及

例句They show greatanxiety concerning their retirement allowance. 他们对自己的养老金问题显得十分焦虑。

串记willing, ongoing

consume [ kEn5sju:m ] vt. 消耗；吃完，喝光；

例句He soon consumed hisfortune. 他很快就把财产挥霍殆尽。

搭配be consumed withenvy, hatred, greed, etc 心中充满了忌妒﹑仇恨﹑贪欲等

串记consumption; assume,resume

context [ 5kRntekst ] n. (文章等)前后关系；(事件等发生的)背景，环境

例句①In the context of the present economic crisis it seems unwise tolower taxes.

鉴于当前的经济危机，降低税率似乎不妥。

②Don’t quote my words out of context.

对我的话不要断章取义。

搭配in context 在上下文中

out of context 脱离上下文

creature [ 5kri:tFE(r) ] n. 动物；生物；人；女人

例句She was a poorcreature. 她曾是个可怜的女人。

串记mature,gesture, feature, mixture, torture

curiosity [ kjuEri5Rsiti ] n. 好奇(心)；古玩，珍品

例句He is full ofcuriosity. 他充满了好奇心。

curious [ 5kjuEriEs ] adj. 稀奇的，古怪的；好奇的，好求知的

例句①A curious child is a teacher’s delight. 老师喜欢有求知欲的孩子。

②She’s always so curious about my work. 她总爱打听我的工作。

搭配be curious about 对(某事物)感到好奇

串记furious

destination [ desti5neiF(E)n ] n. 目的地，终点

例句It took us all day toreach our destination. 我们花了一整天才到达目的地。

搭配the port of destination目的港

串记determination,detection

discount [ 5diskaunt ] n. 折扣；贴现(率)

v. 打折扣；低估；不相信，不重视

例句①The store discounted all clothing for the sale. 该店服装全部减价出售。

②They give 10% discount for cash payment. 现金付款，他们给予九折优待。

搭配at a discount 折价

discount of 30% 七折

串记discharge,discover

disposal [ dis5pEuzEl ] n. 处理，布置，安排，支配

例句①They put the summer home at the disposal of the bridal couple. 他们叫那对新婚夫妇随意使用那所别墅。

②His disposal of the difficulty pleased everybody. 他对这一难题的处理使大家都感到满意。

搭配at one’s disposal 随某人自由处理，由某人随意支配

put sth. at sb.’s disposal 把某物交某人自由处理

串记dispose

distant [ 5dist(E)nt ] adj. 远隔的，遥远的；关系疏远的；不太友好的；不明显的

例句①There is a distant connection between the two theories. 这两种学说之间没有什么关联。

②Those two weak boys are distant relations. 那两个瘦弱的男孩是远房亲戚。

搭配a distant journey 遥远的路程

串记distance; instant, constant

economics [ 7i:kE5nCmiks, 7ekE- ] n. 经济学；(国家的)经济情况

例句The economics of the schemeneeds to be looked at very carefully. 这项计划的经济性还需要认真考虑。

economist [ i:5kCnEmist ] n. 经济学者，经济家

例句Some economistsstrongly believe in private enterprise. 有些经济学家非常支持私营企业。

串记economical,economics, economic, economy

edge [ edV ] n. 刃；边缘；优势

v. 挤进；侧着移动，缓缓移动

例句①The young tennis player definitely had the edge on his olderopponent.

这个年轻的网球运动员显然比那个年纪大的对手略胜一筹。

②They lived in a cottage on the edge of the moors.

他们住在沼泽边的一所茅屋里。

③Their new product has edged all its competitors out of the market.

他们的新产品已把所有的竞争者都挤出市场。

搭配edge out 排挤掉

on edge 紧张的

on the edge 濒临，几乎，在边缘

have the edge on sb. 与…相比占优势，胜过某人

串记hedge, pledge, judge,lodge

efficiency [ i5fiFEnsi ] n. 效率，功效

例句The two companiesconsolidated for greater efficiency. 这两家公司已合并以提高效率。

搭配raise/increase efficiency提高效率

串记proficiency,deficiency; efficient, effect, effective

electrical [ i5lektrik(E)l ] adj. 电的，有关电的

例句There is a fault inthe electrical system. 电路系统出了故障。

串记electronic, electric,electron, electricity

encounter [ in5kauntE ] v. & n. 遭遇，遇到，相遇

例句①I encountered an old friend at Rome.

我在罗马邂逅了一个老朋友。

②One rainy night the policeman had a chance encounter with a gang ofsmugglers.

在一个雨夜，那个警察正巧碰上了一伙走私犯。

搭配have an encounterwith 与…邂逅

a chance encounter 偶遇

串记encourage

endurance [ in5djurEns ] n. 忍耐(力)，持久(力)，耐久(性)

例句Long distance runnersneed great endurance. 长跑运动员需要有很大的耐力。

enhance [ in5hB:ns ] v. 提高，增强，增进

例句Holding the OlympicGames is a way to enhance the capability of Beijing.

举办奥运会是进一步提高北京的能力的一个途径。

串记enlarge, enrich; reinforce,strengthen

enrol(l) [ in5rEul ] v. 招收；登记；入学；参军；成为会员

例句He was enrolled inOxford University. 他被牛津大学录取了。

串记enlarge,entitle, envy

evaluate [ i5vAljueit ] v. 评价；估价；求…的值

例句I can’t evaluate hisability without seeing his work. 我没有看到他的工作情况，无法评论他的能力。

串记fluctuate;evaluation

existence [ i^5zistEns ] n. 存在，实在；生存，生活方式

例句①Pollution poses a threat to the continued existence of this species.污染对这一物种的继续生存造成了威胁。

②The family lived a precarious existence. 这家人过着朝不保夕的生活。

搭配come into existence 出现，产生

in existence 存在，现有

串记innocence,occurrence, patience

faulty [ 5fC:lti ] adj. 有缺点的，不完美的，不完善的

例句①Send these faulty goods back to the manufacturer. 把这些次货退还给厂家。

②At home there were many complaints of faulty war direction. 国内纷纷抱怨战争指挥失当。

串记novelty,guilty

fierce [ fiEs ] adj. 凶猛的；强烈的，狂热的

例句①Because there is so much unemployment, the competition for jobs isvery fierce.

由于失业人数太多，找工作竞争十分激烈。

②The fierce tribe inhabits the mountainous regions.

这个骠悍的部落居住在山区。

搭配a fierce battle 激战

file [ fail ] n. 文件，档案；锉刀

v. 把…归档；提起申请；锉平；排成纵队行进

例句①The pupils filed out of the room during the fire drill. 在消防演习中，学生们排成纵队走出房间。

②Please file those letters. 请把这些信件存档。

③We have all your particulars on file. 我们已把你的全部资料存档。

搭配on file 存档

串记profile

forum [ 5fC:rEm ] n. 论坛，讨论会

例句The letters page ofthis newspaper is a forum for public argument. 这份报纸的读者来信栏是公众意见的论坛。

串记format,formula, formal

generate [ 5dVenE7reit ] v. 产生，发生；引起，导致；生殖，生育，产卵

例句①The racial prejudice generated hatred. 种族偏见引起了仇恨。

②When coal burns, it generates heat. 煤燃烧时产生热量。

搭配a generating station 发电厂，发电站

串记generator, generation

given [ 5^ivn ] adj. 沉溺的，有…倾向的；特定的，假设的；赠予的

prep. 考虑到

例句①They were to meet at a given time and place.

他们要在规定的时间和地点会晤。

②Given the government’srecord on unemployment, their chances of winning the election look poor.

鉴于政府在解决失业问题上成绩不佳，他们在选举中获胜机会似乎不大。

③She’s much given tooutbursts of temper.

她老爱发脾气。

搭配be given to 癖好的；喜爱的；习惯的

greenhouse [ 5^ri:nhaus ] n. 温室，花房

例句Behind the greenhouse was a greenhouse. 在那所绿房子后面是一个温室。

halt [ hC:lt ] v. (使)停住，(使)停止

n. 止步，停步，停止前进

例句①No one can halt the advance of history. 谁也阻挡不了历史的前进。

②The work is stopped when the machine comes to a halt. 机器不转时，工作不得不停下来。

搭配bring to a halt (bringa halt to) 使停止，终止，制止

串记hall

hazard [ 5hAzEd ] n. 冒险，危险，危害

v. 冒险，拼命

例句①There are many hazards in a journey across Africa.

穿越非洲的旅行有许多危险。

②He hazarded all his money in the attempt to save the business.

他为挽救这家企业，不惜冒险投入他的全部金钱。

搭配at all hazards 不顾一切风险；在任何情况下

in hazard 在危险中，受到威胁

by hazard 偶然，碰运气

run the hazard 冒险

串记harbor

hostile [ 5hCstail ] adj. 敌对的，敌方的，敌意的

例句①The prime minister was greeted by a hostile group.

首相遇到的是一批怀有敌意的人。

②Ever since I got better marks than Parker, he has been hostile to me.

自从我比派克得分高以后，他就对我不友好了。

搭配be hostile to 对…有敌意，反对

串记fertile

infant [ 5infEnt ] n. 婴儿，幼儿

adj. 婴儿的，幼稚的

例句①Infant mortality has been dramatically reduced because of modernmedicine.

现代医学极大地降低了婴儿死亡率。

②The new candidate is a political infant.

新候选人在政治上还很不成熟。

串记adult,youngster

innocent [ 5inEsnt ] adj. (of) 清白的，无罪的；天真的，无知的；无害的

例句①Can you provide any evidence that he was innocent of the crime?

你能提供证据证明他没有犯这罪吗？

②Don’t be so innocent as to believe everything the politicians tellyou.

别那么幼稚，以为政客说的一切都是可信的。

搭配be innocent of acrime 无罪

串记decent

insert [ in5sE:t ] vt. 插入，嵌入；登载

n. 插入物

例句He inserted the keyin the lock but could not open the door. 他把钥匙插入锁中但没能打开门。

串记alert,exert, convert

interrupt [ 7intE5rQpt ] vt. 中断，遮断，阻碍；打断(话)，打扰

vi. 打断，插嘴

例句①Traffic in the city was interrupted by a snowstorm. 市内交通被暴风雪阻断。

②These new flats will interrupt our view of the sea. 这些新公寓将遮住我们眺望海景的视野。

③Don’t interrupt the speaker now; he will answer questions later. 现在不要打断他的话，他稍后再回答问题。

串记bankrupt,corruption

keen [ ki:n ] adj. 锋利的；敏税的；激烈的；热心的；渴望的

例句There’s a keencompetition for the job. 这份工作的竞争很激烈。

搭配be keen on 喜爱，渴望(得到某种东西、做到某事)

a keen sense of touch 敏锐的触觉

leadership [ 5li:dEFip ] n. 领导；领导能力

例句She showed strongleadership during her first term in office. 她在首任任期中显示出很强的领导能力。

搭配under one’sleadership 在某人的领导之下

串记spaceship, scholarship,companionship, friendship

liquid [ 5likwid ] n. 液体，流体，流音

adj. 液体的；流动的，易变的；清澈的；流畅的

搭配one’s liquid assets 流动资产

串记liquor

literature [ 5litEritFE ] n. 文学(作品)，著作；文艺，文献；图书资料

例句Have you read theliterature dealing with the Second World War? 你读过有关第二次世界大战的文献吗？

搭配French literature 法国文学

串记literate

manual [ 5mAnjuEl ] n. 手册，指南

adj. 手(动)的，手工的；体力的；手册(性质)的

例句Work done by machineshas replaced manual labor. 机器生产已经代替了手工劳作。

串记manipulate

manufacture [ 7mAnju5fAktFE ] vt. 制造，加工；捏造

n. 制造，制造业；产品

例句①The manufacture of these very small components is expensive. 制造这些小部件非常昂贵。

②She manufactured a false story to hide the facts. 她编造瞎话以掩盖事实。

串记temperature,literature, signature, architecture

meanwhile [ 5mi:n5hwail ] n. 其时，期间

adv. 同时

例句I went to college. Meanwhile,all my friends got well-paid jobs.

我上大学去了。那时我的朋友全都找到了收入不错的工作。

mess [ mes ] n. 混乱，脏乱

v. 弄乱，弄脏，搞糟

例句①He is always messing around doing nothing. 他老是荡来荡去不做事。

②He contrived to make a mess of the whole thing. 他挖空心思反而把事情全盘弄糟了。

搭配make a mess of 把…弄糟/搞坏，把…搞得一塌糊涂

mess up 搞乱，弄脏，弄糟

mess around 浪费时间，混日子

串记mass, fuss

mild [ maild ] adj. 温暖的，温柔的；轻微的；(烟、酒)味淡的；不严重的；不含有害物质的

例句①He gave a mild answer, in spite of his annoyance. 尽管他很恼火，但回答得还是很和蔼。

②The punishment inflicted on them was too mild. 他们受的惩罚太轻。

搭配(as) mild as milk (asa lamb, as a dove, as May) 性情非常温和

a mild fever 轻度发烧

mild climate 温暧的气候

串记wild

mission [ 5miFEn ] n. 使命，任务；使团，代表团

例句①His mission was to seek help. 他的使命是去寻求援助。

②He is head of a French trade mission to the united state. 他是法国派往美国的贸易代表团团长。

搭配a trade mission toJapan 赴日贸易代表团

mission in life 天职

串记tension, version,collision, invasion; missile

modest [ 5mCdist ] adj. 谦虚的；适度的；有限的

例句①She is very modest about the prizes she has won.

她对自己得奖非常谦虚。

②In principle, modest dose of controlled inflation might work wonders.

原则上，适度的通胀控制会产生惊人的效果。

搭配make modest demands 提出适度的要求

串记moderate, modesty

mood [ mu:d ] n. 心情，情绪；闹情绪；语气

例句①I’m not in the mood to disagree with you. 我没有心思跟你争论。

②She is in a merry mood. 她心情愉快。

搭配mend one’s mood 使自已[某人]情绪好转

be in no mood for sth./to do sth. 不想做某事，无意做某事

motivate [ 5mEutiveit ] v. 促动；激励，鼓励；(使)产生动机；激发…的积极性

例句Every manager mustmotivate and encourage his employees. 每个管理者都必须激励和鼓励他的雇员。

搭配be motivated bygreed, fear, love, etc. 受贪欲﹑恐惧﹑爱等驱使

串记motive

motive [ 5mEutiv ] n. 动机，目的

adj. 发动的，运动的

例句His motive forworking so hard is that he needs money. 他这么卖命干的目的是他需要钱。

串记motivate

muscle [ 5mQsl ] n. 肌肉；体力；力量

例句He exercises todevelop the muscle every morning. 他每天早上做运动来锻炼肌肉。

negotiation [ ni7^EuFi5eiFEn ] n. 商议，谈判

搭配carry on negotiationwith sb. 与某人进行谈判

notion [ 5nEuFEn ] n. 概念，观念；意图，想法，打算；懂得，明白，理解

例句①She has no notion of the difficulty of this problem. 她不了解这个问题的难处。

②He has a notion that I’m cheating him. 他以为我欺骗他。

搭配have a good notion of很懂得

have a notion that… 认为…

have no notion of 不明白，完全不懂；没有…的意思/想法

串记motion, emotion

occasional [ E5keiVnEl ] adj. 偶然的，不时的；特殊场合的；临时的

例句①My sister pays me occasional visits. 我的妹妹偶尔来看我。

②He is only an occasional workman. 他只是个临时雇工。

串记accidental

opponent [ E5pEunEnt ] adj. 对立的，对抗的

n. 对手，反对者

例句①We beat our opponents at football.

我们在足球赛中击败了对手。

②He was throughout his period the masterful opponent of all emergencymeasures.

在他的任期内，他是一切紧急措施的最有力的反对者。

串记component

optional [ 5CpFEnEl ] adj. 可以任选的，随意的

例句①Computer Science is an optional subject for law students at ouruniversity.

在我们学校，计算机课对法律专业的学生来说是选修课。

②It is optional with you.

那是你的自由。

串记optical

orbit [ 5C:bit ] n. 轨道；势力范围

v. (使)沿轨道而行

例句Marketingdoes not come within the orbit of his department. 市场推销业务不归他这一部门管。

搭配orbitin space 在太空中沿轨道运行

串记oral, orchestra

organ [ 5C:^En ] n. 器官；机构，机关；风琴；新闻媒介，宣传工具

例句①The FBI is an organ of the Justice Department. 联邦调查局是司法部的一个机关。

②This paper is the official organ of the Communist Party. 这份报纸是共产党的官方喉舌。

串记organic

origin [ 5CridVin ] n. 起源，由来；出身，来历

例句①He never forgot his humble origins. 他从未忘记过自己出身卑微。

②The social unrest has its origins in economic problems. 社会动荡是经济问题引起的。

搭配the origin of adispute 争端的起因

the origins of civilization 文明的起源

串记original

outstanding [ aut5stAndiN ] adj. 突出的，显著的；未解决的；未偿付的

例句①He made outstanding contributions in the realm of foreign affairs. 他在外交领域作出了卓越贡献。

②A good deal of work is still outstanding. 不少工作尚未完成。

串记outweigh

ownership [ 5EunEFip ] n. 所有(权)，所有制

例句There was a quarrelabout the ownership of the treasure they had found.

他们为找到的财宝的所有权问题发生了争吵。

串记citizenship,relationship, membership, hardship

participate [ pB:5tisipeit ] v. (in) 参与，参加

例句She activelyparticipates in local politics. 她积极参与本地政治活动。

搭配participate in参加

串记participation;anticipate

participation [ pB:7tisi5peiFEn ] n. 分享，参与

例句We win the gamebecause of his participation. 由于他的参与，我们赢了比赛。

串记participate

payment [ 5peimEnt ] n. 支付，付款额，付款

例句①He gave the man ￡3 in payment for the book.

他为买这本书付给这人3英镑。

②Payment may be made in any of the following ways, by cash, by cheque,or by credit card.

付款可用下列任何一种方式：现金、支票或用信用卡。

peculiar [ pi5kju:ljE ] adj. 古怪的，异常的；特殊的，特有的

例句①The Mid-Autumn Festival is peculiar to China. 中秋节是中国所独有的。

②He is very peculiar in his behavior. 他的举止很古怪。

串记particular

phenomenon [ fi5nCminEn ] n. 现象；事件；非凡的人；特殊的事物

例句①They were phenomena in the history of music. 他们是音乐史上的杰出人物。

②The employment problem tends to be a city phenomenon. 就业问题是一种城市现象。

③Fever and inflammation are phenomena of disease. 发烧和炎症是疾病的症状。

串记philosopher,philosophy

pilot [ 5pailEt ] n. 飞行员，驾驶员；领航员，引水员

v. 驾驶；试验；使…顺利通过

adj. 试验性的，试点的

例句①He piloted the old lady to her seat. 他把老太太领到她的座位上。

②Pilot a bill through parliament. 使议案在议会上顺利通过。

portable [ 5pC:tEbl ] adj. 轻便的，手提的

例句He found that littleTV extremely portable. 他觉得那台小小的电视机携带极其方便。

搭配a portablebook-computer 便携式笔记本电脑

串记port,porter

poverty [ 5pCvEti ] n. 贫穷，贫困；缺乏，不足

例句①His work was criticized for its poverty of imagination. 他的作品因缺乏想像力而受到批评。

②She has lived in poverty all her life. 她一生都过着贫困的生活。

preferable [ 5prefErEbl ] adj. 更可取的，更好的，更优越的

例句Poverty is preferableto ill-health. 贫穷总比不健康好。

串记favorable

presence [ 5prezns ] n. 出席，到场，存在；仪态，风度

例句He had to humblehimself in the presence of the prince. 他在王子面前只得低声下气。

搭配in the presence of sb./inone’s presence 当着某人，有某人在场

stage presence 舞台风度

串记absence

preserve [ pri5zE:v ] v. 保护；维持；保存，保藏；腌制

例句①The Town Council spent a lot of money to preserve the old castle.

市政委员会花了不少钱来保护那座古城堡。

②It is one of the duties of the police to preserve public order.

警察的职责之一是维持公共秩序。

搭配try to preservefamily harmony 努力维持家庭和睦

串记reserve, conserve, deserve,observe

principal [ 5prinsEpl ] n. 负责人，委托人；资本

adj. 最重要的，主要的

例句①The low salary is her principal reason for leaving the job. 工资太低是她辞去那工作的最重要的原因。

②I must consult my principals before agreeing to your proposal. 我得同委托人商量后才能接受你的建议。

串记principle

priority [ prai5Criti ] n. 重点，优先(权)；优先考虑的事

例句The highest priorityof governments has been given to the problem of heavy traffic.

政府已经优先考虑交通拥挤的问题。

串记prior, privilege

prohibit [ prE5hibit ] v. 禁止，阻止

例句①Smoking is prohibited in most theaters.

大多数戏剧院里禁止吸烟。

②I fear that a prior engagement will prohibit me from joining you indinner.

有约在先，我恐怕不能与你共进晚餐。

搭配prohibit sb. fromdoing sth. (prohibit sb.’s doing sth.) 禁止某人做某事

串记hinder, curb

prompt [ prCmpt ] adj. 敏捷的；即刻的

v. 提示；促进，推动

n. 提示，提词

例句①The accident prompted a review of school safety policy. 这场事故引起对学校安全制度的反思。

②The man confessed that poverty prompted him to steal. 这个男子承认是贫穷促使他偷窃的。

③They are always prompt and equitable in settling claims. 他们总是迅速而公正地解决索赔。

串记promote

proportion [ prE5pC:FEn ] n. 比例；部分；均衡，相称

例句①This door is narrow in proportion to its height. 这扇门与其高度的相比而言窄了些。

②A large proportion of the students were sick last week. 上星期大部分学生病了。

搭配in proportion to 和…比较起来，按…的比例

out of proportion 不

串记abortion

protective [ prE5tektiv ] adj. 保护的，防护的

例句She’s too protectivetowards her son. 她过于呵护儿子。

串记protect, protection

pump [ pQmp ] n. 泵，抽水机；打气筒；打气

v. 用泵抽；打气；盘问；倾注

例句The firm pumped moneyinto the development of the new product.

这家企业投入大量资金以开发这种新产品。

搭配pump air into a tyre 给轮胎打气

串记bump,lump, dump

pursue [ pE5sju: ] v. 追求，追赶，追踪；从事

例句①She is pursuing her studies at the university. 她在大学继续深造。

②The government is pursuing a policy of non-intervention. 政府正奉行不干预政策。

③The police are pursuing an escaped prisoner. 警方正在追捕一名越狱的逃犯。

搭配pursue after 追求

串记pursuit

proposal [ prE5pEuzEl ] n. 提议，建议；求婚

例句He made a proposal ofmarriage to her. 他向她求婚。

搭配a proposal for peace 一项和平倡议

provision [ prE5viVEn ] n. 供应，(一批)供应品；预备；条款；

(pl.) 给养

vt. 向…供应食物

例句①The present law makes no provision for this. 现行的法律对此未作任何规定。

②They provisioned the ship for a long voyage. 他们为远航的船只准备了食品和必需品。

③We set out with enough provisions. 我们带上足够的食品出发了。

搭配make provision for 为…作好准备；为…预先采取措施

run out of provisions 缺少粮食(或其他供应品)

with provision for 考虑到

串记vision, division;provide

quarter [ 5kwC:tE ] n. 四分之一；地区，区域；季，季度；一刻钟；

(pl.) 方向；

(pl.) 住处

例句①He was waiting for a quarter of an hour. 他等了一刻钟了。

②Her travels had taken her to every quarter of the globe. 她游遍了世界各地。

串记headquarters

rail [ reil ] n. 栏杆，扶手；

(pl.) 铁路，铁轨

搭配by rail 乘火车

串记jail,trial, fail, nail

readily [ 5redili ] adv. 容易地；乐意地；快捷地

例句He readily agreed tohelp us. 他欣然同意帮助我们。

rear [ riE ] n. 后部，尾部，后方

adj. 后方地，后部地

v. 饲养，抚养；竖起；栽培

例句They surprised theenemy from the rear. 他们从背后向敌人发动了袭击。

搭配rear a monument to aperson’s memory 为纪念某人而建立纪念碑

串记wear,bear, fear, tear, gear, earnest, swear

recovery [ ri5kQvEri ] n. 复原，痊愈；收回，复得

例句①She made a quick recovery after her illness.

她病后恢复得很快。

②A lot has been done in the recovery of national economy in the pastfew years.

在过去的几年中我们为了国民经济的恢复做了大量的工作。

串记discovery, slavery,delivery

reinforce [ 7ri:in5fC:s ] v. 增援，加强；增援；使更具说服力

例句①This evidence reinforces my view that he is a spy. 这个证据证实了我认为他是间谍的这一看法。

②Our defenses must be reinforced against attack. 我们必须加强防御设施以抵抗敌人的进攻。

③The fence was reinforced with wire. 这堵围栏用金属丝加固了。

串记strengthen, enhance

relevant [ 5relivEnt ] adj. (to)有关的；中肯的；相应的；实质性的

例句I don’t think hisremarks are relevant to our discussion. 我认为他的话与我们的议题无关。

搭配relevant to 和…相关

串记relate

relief [ ri5li:f ] n. (痛苦等)减轻，解除；援救，救济；浮雕

例句①Relief was flown to the flood-hit areas. 救济物品被空运到洪水泛滥区。

②It was relief to me to find the children safe. 发现孩子们安全让我感到安尉。

搭配find relief from 从…中摆脱出来

for the relief of为了救济…

串记relieve; brief,briefcase

reluctant [ ri5lQktEnt ] adj. 不情愿的，勉强的

例句They were reluctantto be drawn into the conflict. 他们不愿卷入这场冲突。

搭配be reluctant to dosth. 不愿做某事

串记resistant, consultant,accountant

remote [ ri5mEut ] adj. 远的，偏僻的；关系疏远的；微乎其微的

例句①Your comments are rather remote from the subject we are discussing.

你的评论跟我们正谈的问题关系不大。

②The connection between the two events is remote.

这两件事之间没有什么联系。

搭配in the remote eventof sth. Happening 万一某事果真发生的话

in the remote past/future 在遥远的过去[未来]

串记remove

render [ 5rendE ] v. (使)得；提出，提供，呈报；翻译；回报

例句①He had to render an apology for his rudeness. 他不得不为他的粗鲁道歉。

②The news rendered her speechless. 这个消息让她沉默。

③The jury has rendered its verdict. 陪审团已经做出了裁决。

④Rendering poetry into other languages is difficult. 翻译诗歌是很困难的。

搭配render into 把…翻译成(某种语言)

串记reconcile, remedy, remind, removal

representative [ 7repri5zentEtiv ] n. 代理，代理人

adj. (of) 典型的，有代表性的

例句①Is a questionnaire answered by 500 people truly representative ofnational opinion?

一份调查问卷有500人作答，是否能真正代表全国人民的意见？

②He seemed to have constituted himself our representative.

他俨然自封为我们的代表。

搭配a representativecollection of ancient Greek art 古希腊艺术代表作品集。

串记characteristic,typical

remarkable [ ri5mB:kEbl ] adj. 值得注意的；显著的，异常的；卓越的

例句①Your work has been remarkable this week. 这星期你的工作很出色。

②He is remarkable for his wits. 他以机智著称。

搭配be remarkable for 以…而著称

串记extraordinary,particular

reservation [ 7rezE5veiFEn ] n. 保留，保留意见；预定，预订；(印第安人的)居留地

例句I have somereservations about his story. 我不大相信他所说的。

串记conservation,preservation

resort [ ri5zC:t ] vi. 求助，凭借

n. 胜地，常去之处；手段

例句①If negotiation fails, we shall have to resort to strike action. 假若谈判失败，我们就采取罢工行动。

②The island is noted for its summer resort. 这个岛以避暑胜地而著称。

搭配a health resort 休养胜地

resort to 诉诸

resort to all kinds of methods 采取一切办法

串记restore, rescue

rescue [ 5reskju: ] v. & n. 营救，援救

例句①You rescued me from an embarrassing situation. 是你给我解了围。

②We came to his rescue and pulled him out of the river. 我们来救他，把他从河里拉了上来。

串记resort,restore

resistant [ ri5zistEnt ] adj. (to) 抵抗的；有抵抗力的

例句A healthy dietcreates a body resistant to disease. 保健饮食有助于增强体内对疾病的抵抗力。

搭配resistant to 抵抗的，有抵抗力的

metal resistant to corrosion 抗腐蚀的金属

be resistant to change 抗拒变革

串记reluctant, consultant,accountant

retain [ ri5tein ] v. 保持，保留；记住；聘请

例句①The police retained control of the situation. 警方仍然控制着局势。

②He retained the best lawyer in the state to defend his case. 他为他的案子聘了该州最好的律师。

③She retains a clear impression/memory of the incident. 她对那件事印象很深[记得很清楚]。

搭配retain one’s presenceof mind 镇定自若

retain one’s balance 保持平衡

串记contain, captain,entertain, maintain, sustain

restore [ ris5tC: ] v. 使恢复；归还，交还；修复，重建

例句①The military government promised to restore democracy within oneyear.

军人政府答应在一年内重新建立民主体制。

②Drastic measures will have to be taken to restore order.

为恢复秩序必须采取严厉措施。

搭配restore sb. toconsciousness 使某人恢复知觉

revenue [ 5revinju: ] n. 财政收入；税收；税务局

例句①The government was short of money because of falling oil revenues. 由于石油收入减少，政府财政拮据。

②The Inland Revenue is responsible for collecting income tax. 税务局负责征收所得税。

搭配passenger revenue 客运收入

串记avenue

reverse [ ri5vE:s ] n. 相反，颠倒；背面；失败

adj. 相反的，倒转的

v. 颠倒，倒转；(使)倒退

例句①All along we thought Sue was older than Bill, but just the reversewas true.

一直以来我们认为苏比比尔大，而事实恰恰相反。

②After several reverses the enemy was forced to retreat.

几经失败之后，敌军被迫后撤。

③Their situations are now reversed as employee has become employer.

他们双方的地位转换了，雇员成了雇主。

搭配in reverse 相反方向；颠倒地

reverse oneself 完全改变自己主张，逆转

串记diverse,converse

rigid [ 5ridVid ] adj. 刚性的，刚硬的；严格的

例句Her face was rigidwith terror. 她吓得目瞪口呆。

搭配bore sb. rigid 使某人腻烦得要命

shake(或scare)sb.rigid 把某人吓得浑身僵直

a man of very rigid principles 原则性很强的人

串记vivid

rival [ 5raivEl ] n. 竞争者，对手

v. 竞争，对抗

adj. 竞争的

例句①He didn’t yield himself to his rival.

他没有向对手屈服。

②She has no rival in the field of romantic fiction.

她写的浪漫小说无人能比。

③They run their rival firms close both in price and quality.

他们在价格和质量方面跟与之竞争的一些商行不相上下。

搭配without a rival 无可匹敌，无敌

串记survival, arrival,interval, removal

ruin [ 5ru(：)in ] v. 毁坏，破坏，推翻；(使)破产

n. 毁灭，崩溃；

(pl.) 废墟，遗址

例句①Both of the cars involved were ruined in the accident. 事故中的两辆车都毁坏了。

②The prosecutor ruined the opposition’s argument. 检察官彻底推翻了反对派的论点。

③The building is in ruins. 那建筑物已成断壁残垣。

搭配in ruins 毁坏

rural [ 5ruEr(E)l ] adj. 农村的，乡村的

例句I am longing forquiet rural life. 我极想过清静的乡村生活。

satellite [ 5sAtElait ] n. 卫星，人造卫星；卫星国，附属国；附属物

搭配satellitetelecommunications 卫星通讯

scold [ skEuld ] vt. 斥责，漫骂，责备

n. 斥责；爱责骂的人

例句My mother scolded mewhen I dropped the plates. 我摔了盘子时妈妈责备我了。

串记fold,bold

scope [ skEup ] n. 范围；余地；机会；导弹射程；视野，眼界

例句①We should give full scope to the initiative of the masses. 我们应当充分发挥群众的积极性。

②Broaden the scope of your horizons. Extend the depth of your vision.拓展你视野的宽度和深度。

搭配an investigation ofwide scope 大规模的调查

give (sb.) scope for 给…发挥…的机会

have scope (for) 有施展的…余地；有发挥的…机会

串记cope,copper; universe

secure [ si5kjuE ] adj. 安全的，可靠的；放心的，无虑的

v. 保护；得到，获得

例句More people areneeded to secure the camp against attack. 需要更多的人手来保护营地免受攻击。

搭配secure investments 可靠的投资

be secure against from 没有遭受…的危险

feel/be secure about one’s future 对自己的前途无忧无虑

串记security

semester [ si5mestE ] n. 学期

搭配the summer/wintersemester 夏季[冬季]学期

串记master, monster,minister, register

seminar [ 5seminB: ] n. 研究会，(大学的)研究班，研讨会

例句The professor isgiving a seminar on ancient Greek vases tomorrow.

教授明天要就古希腊花瓶这一主题举行研讨会。

sensible [ 5sensEbl ] adj. 明智的；明显的；合理的；实用的

例句①It’s sensible of you to get rid of the bad friends. 远离坏朋友是明智之举。

②He is sensible of the danger of his position. 他发觉自己处境危险。

搭配be sensible of 可觉察出…

串记sensitive,insensitive; insensible

sequence [ 5si:kwEns ] n. 先后，次序；连续，数列

例句A sequence of murdershad prompted the police to actions. 一连串的谋杀迫使警方不得不采取行动。

搭配a sequence of 一系列…

in sequence of 按…顺序

串记consequence, squeeze

shelter [ 5FeltE ] n. 遮蔽；庇护，避难所

v. 掩蔽，躲避

例句①People took shelter from the shower in a department store. 人们在一家百货商店躲雨。

②Voters expect national leaders to shelter them from the storms. 选民希望国家领导人能保护自己免受冲击。

搭配shelter sb./sth. from给某人或某物提供躲避处

shelter…from 保护

take/find shelter 避难，避雨

串记shell, sheer, sheet, shelf

shell [ Fel ] n. 贝壳，壳；炮弹

v. 去壳，剥落；炮击

例句①Shells were bursting all around.

炮弹在四处爆炸。

②All that remained of the building after the fire was an empty shell.

一场大火过后，这座建筑剩下的只是一个空壳。

串记sheer, sheet,shelter, shelf

slight [ slait ] adj. 纤弱的，脆弱的；微不足道的；轻微的

v. & n. 轻视，蔑视

例句①The differences between the pictures are very slight. 这两幅画差别很小。

②She felt slighted because no one spoke to her. 没人跟她说话，她觉得受到冷落。

③You didn’t embarrass me in the slightest. 你一点也没让我为难。

搭配not the slightest 一点也不(作定语)

not in the slightest 一点也不(作状语)

串记delight, flight

spelling [ 5speliN ] n. 拼字，拼写单词；拼法

例句His spelling isbetter than his brother’s. 他的拼写比他弟弟好。

串记schooling,housing, suffering

split [ split ] v. 劈开，(使)裂开；分裂，分离

n. 裂开，裂口，裂痕

例句①A lightning bolt split the night sky. 一道闪电划破夜空。

②They split up after a year of marriage. 他们结婚一年后离婚了。

搭配split up with 与…分裂

串记span, spur,spin

spray [ sprei ] n. 喷雾；飞沫；浪花

vt. 喷射，喷溅

例句The seed was sprayedover the ground in huge quantities by aeroplanes. 飞机把这些草籽大量地撒在地面上。

串记pray, decay

stable [ 5steib(E)l ] adj. 固定的，稳定的

v. 堆积，堆起

n. 畜栏，厩，马房

例句①Markets are flourishing and prices are stable. 市场繁荣，物价稳定。

②A stable is ready for the pony. 已为这匹小马准备好了马房。

搭配stable state 稳定状态

串记fable, feasible

stimulate [ 5stimjuleit ] v. 刺激，(使)兴奋；鼓励，鼓舞

例句Praise alwaysstimulates him to further efforts/to make greater efforts. 表扬能激励他更加努力。

串记isolate, violate, accumulate, regulate

strategy [ 5strAtidVi ] n. 战略，策略；计划；对策，政策

例句By careful strategyshe negotiated a substantial pay rise. 她精心策划后商谈大幅涨薪的事。

搭配strategy and tactics 战略与战术

business strategy 经营战略

optimal strategy 最优策略

串记strategic

stuff [ stQf ] n. 东西；某人的物品；事情；原料，材料

v. 填满，塞满；装，把…塞进

例句①Put that stuff over there. 将那堆材料放在那儿。

②Don’t stuff him with silly ideas. 别教他馊主意。

搭配stuff with sth. 把某物塞入

串记stiff,staff

submit [ sEb5mit ] v. (使)服从，(使)顺从；呈送，提交，递交

例句①All these topics should be submitted to the committee for adiscussion.

所有这些问题都必须提交委员会讨论。

②The minority should submit to the majority.

少数应服从多数。

搭配submit oneself to 甘受，服从

submit to 服从于，屈从于；把…提交给…，向…提出…

串记summit

substitute [ 5sQbstitju:t ] n. 替代品；代理人

v. 代替，替换

例句①Water is not a proper substitute for wine. 水不是酒的适当代用品。

②John will substitute for his father. 约翰将作他父亲的代理人。

搭配substitute for 代替，替换

串记institute, constitute

suburb [ 5sQbE:b ] n. 市郊；郊区

搭配an industrial suburb 城郊工业区

串记urban, downtown; rural,countryside

surround [ sE5raund ] v. 包围，环绕

例句Troops havesurrounded the town. 部队已将该城包围。

串记surrender

surroundings [ sE5raJndiNz ] n. 周围的事物，环境

例句The house is inbeautiful surroundings. 这房子周围的环境优美。

串记circumstances, environment

survival [ sE5vaivEl ] n. 生存，幸存，残存；幸存者，残存物

例句His survival hasn’tyet been confirmed. 他是否存活尚未查明。

搭配ceremony which is asurvival from pre-Christian times 从公元前沿袭下来的礼仪活动

串记rival, arrival, interval, removal

sustain [ sEs5tein ] vt. 支撑，撑住；维持，持续；经受；忍耐

例句①He will not sustain comparison with her. 他经不起和她相比。

②These facts sustain the theory. 这些事实证实了这个理论。

搭配sustain losses 蒙受损失

sustain a defeat 遭受战败

串记retain, contain,captain, entertain, maintain

sustainable [ sE`steinEbl ] adj. 可以忍受的，足可支撑的；养得起的

例句Persisting in thecourse of sustainable development. 坚持走可持续发展的道路。

串记reasonable,acceptable

symptom [ 5simptEm ] n. (疾病的)症状；(不好事情的)征兆，症候；表征

例句The riot can beconsidered a symptom of political instability. 这次暴动可看作是政治上不稳定的征兆。

串记sympathy,sympathize, symbol

specialize [ 5speFElaiz ] v. 专攻，专门研究

例句That doctorspecializes in children’s illnesses. 那位医生专门研究儿科疾病。

搭配specialize in… 专攻…

串记species, specific, specialist

therapy [ 5WerEpi ] n. 治疗；(不需要药物或手术的)物理疗法

例句Physical therapyalternates with chemical. 理疗和化疗交替进行。

串记treatment

territory [ 5teritEri ] n. 领土，版图，地域；领域，范围

例句①Wild animals will not allow other animals to enter their territory. 野生动物不许其他动物进入它们的领地。

②Taiwan Island is part of our territory. 台湾岛是我国领土的一部分。

串记terror

timber [ 5timbE ] n. 木材，木料；船骨

例句①That trainee is executive timber. 那个受训者具有领导才能。

②The number of timber houses has decreased. 用木材盖的房子的数目减少了。

搭配timber right 采伐权

tone [ tEun ] n. 音调；风气，气氛；腔调，语气；色调

v. 调和，使(某物)具有某种声调或色调

例句①She speaks in a gentle tone. 她说话声调很柔和。

②His tone contained the right mixture of banter and seriousness. 他的口气是半戏谑半认真的。

③The new curtains tone in beautifully with the carpet. 新帘幕与地毯的颜色非常协调。

搭配in a tone 一致

in tones of 有深浅不同的色的

tone down 使缓和

tone (in) with 和…协调(尤指颜色)

串记tune

tower [ 5tauE ] n. 塔，城堡

v. 高耸；屹立(常与above, up连用)

例句① Paris is famous for the Eiffel Tower and the Arch of Triumph. 巴黎因艾菲尔铁塔和凯旋门而著名。

②Shakespeare towers above all other Elizabethan dramatists. 莎士比亚远超过伊丽莎白时代的所有剧作家。

搭配a church tower 教堂塔楼

tower block办工大楼

串记towel

transmit [ trAnz5mit ] vt. 传输，传导；转送；发射

vi. 发射信号；发报

例句①The infection is transmitted by mosquitoes.

这种传染病是由蚊子传播的。

②The tension soon transmitted itself to all the members of the crowd.

这种紧张情绪很快感染了人群中所有的人。

③The World Cup final is being transmitted live to over fiftycountries.

世界杯决赛现在正向五十多个国家现场转播。

串记transmission

transport [ trAns5pC:t ] n. 运输；运输系统，运载工具；激动，狂喜

vt. 运输；流放，放逐

例句①It took all day to transport the furniture to the new apartment. 把家具搬到新居用了整整一天。

②I normally travel by public transport. 我出门通常乘坐公共交通工具。

串记export, import,report, support, passport; transportation

trap [ trAp ] n. 圈套，陷阱，诡计；困境

v. 使(中)圈套；诱捕；陷入困境

例句①For some women, marriage is a trap. 对有些妇女来说，婚姻就是个陷阱。

②The police set a trap to catch the thief. 警察设下了捉拿窃贼的圈套。

③They were trapped in the burning hotel. 他们被困在发生火灾的旅馆里。

搭配walk into the trap 步入圈套

串记trace

tremendous [ tri5mendEs ] adj. 巨大的，可怕的，惊人的；极其严重的；极好的

例句①He has a tremendous hold over his younger brother. 他对他弟弟影响很大。

②We went to a tremendous party. 我们参加了一个盛大的聚会。

搭配at a tremendous speed以惊人的速度

串记enormous, massive, giant

ultimate [ 5Qltimit ] adj. 最后的，最终的；根本的

n. 终极，根本；顶点；基本原则

例句①The Anti-Japanese war ended for us Chinese in ultimate victory.

抗日战争以我们中国人民的最后胜利而告终。

②The ultimate source of energy of all ecosystems is the sun.

太阳是一切生态系统能量的根本来源。

搭配the ultimate objective最终目标

the deterrent 最后威慑力量(指核武器)

in the ultimate 到最后，终于

undergo [ 7QndE5^Eu ] vt. 经历，遭受；忍受

例句①The popular music star undergoes a revival of popularity. 那个流行音乐歌星重新受到普遍欢迎。

②This city underwent great changes. 这座城市经历了巨大的变化。

搭配undergo a medicalexamination 接受体格检查

undergo great hardship 遭受巨大的苦难

a house that is undergoing renovation 正在翻修的房子

串记underline, undermine,undertake

underground [ 5QndE^raund ] adj. 地下的；秘密的

adv. 在地下；秘密地

n. 地下；地铁；地道；秘密活动

例句There is anunderground room in the old house. 在老房子里有一个地下室。

搭配work for, join,contact the underground 为地下组织工作﹑参加地下组织﹑与地下组织取得联系

travel by underground 乘坐地铁

串记undergraduate,underneath, understand

universe [ 5ju:nivE:s ] n. 宇宙，世界，万物；领域，范围

例句Scientists are tryingto discover how the universe was formed. 科学家们正在努力探索宇宙形成的秘密。

串记scope

urgent [ 5E:dVEnt ] adj. 急迫的，紧急的

例句I was in urgent needof money. 我急需用钱。

搭配be urgent for sb. (to do) 急切地催促某人(做)

an urgent message, case, cry for help 紧急的消息﹑情况﹑呼救

utilize/utilise [ ju:5tilaiz ] v. 利用

例句It’s to be hoped thatin her new job her talents will be better utilized than before.

希望在新的岗位上她的才干能够比以往得到更好的发挥。

串记civilize, realize

utter [ 5QtE ] adj. 彻底的；十足的

v. 说，发出(声音)；发表

例句①He is an utter stranger to me. 我根本不认识他。

②We didn’t utter a word during the test. 我们在测验时没有说过一句话。

搭配utter nonsense 十足的废话

串记latter, alter

vague [ vei^ ] adj. 含糊的，不明确的；茫然的；暧昧的

例句①Our holiday plans are still rather vague. 我们的度假计划还没有确定。

②He was a little vague when I asked what had happened. 我问他出了什么事时，他一无所知。

搭配a vague stare 呆视

a vague idea 模糊的想法

串记obscure; league,colleague, argue

valid [ 5vAlid ] adj. 有效的，合理的；有根据的；正当的，正确的

例句①Her excuse was not valid. 她的借口靠不住。

②The marriage was held to be valid. 这一婚姻关系是有效的。

搭配a valid excuse 站得住脚的托词

valid methods 有效的办法

a valid conclusion 正确推断的结论

串记vivid

valuable [ 5vAljuEbl ] adj. 贵重的，有价值的，颇有价值的

n. (pl.) 贵重物品，财宝

例句①Real friendship is more valuable than money.

真正的友谊比金钱更宝贵。

②We are sending you some money in acknowledgement of your valuablehelp.

我们送些酬劳，对您的大力协助聊表谢意。

搭配a valuable diamond 贵重的宝石

valuable information 重大的消息

串记available, durable,curable

version [ 5vE:FEn ] n. 型，版本；译本，译文；说法

例句①Did you read the whole book or only the abridged version?你读的是足本还是节本？

②Your version of the accident differs from mine. 你对这件事故的说法与我的不同。

搭配original version 原始方案

串记collision, invasion,mission tension

vessel [ 5vesl ] n. 器皿，容器；船舶(只)；管，血管

例句①Empty vessels will be filled with oil. 空的容器将用来装油。

②There were manyvessels in the harbor today. 今天港口有许多船只。

串记vertical, vehicle

offend [ E5fend ] v. 冒犯，伤害，侮辱；使不快，使恼火

例句①His conduct offended against the rules of decent behavior.

他的行为已经离格儿了。

②He was deeply offended that we did not look at the matter the sameway.

我们对那事的看法与他不同，他为此很生气。

③This new process offends every known natural law.

这一新方法违反所有已知的自然法则。

搭配be offendedby/at/with… 因…而生气

offend against custom 违反习惯

串记offensive; defend, depend, descend

register [ 5redVistE ] n. 登记；(仪表等)指示，自动记下

v. 登记，注册

例句①He slammed the door to register his disapproval. 他砰的一声把门关上以示不满。

②Each class has a register of 50 students. 每班有50名学员注册。

搭配register a new highin sales 创下一个新的销售记录

a register of births and deaths 出生和死亡记录

串记master

via [ 5vaiE ] prep. 经；通过；凭借

例句①We went to Beijing via Zhengzhou. 我们经郑州去北京。

②The Olympics were telecast live via satellite. 奥运比赛经由卫星做实况转播。

搭配send the letter viaairmail 通过空邮寄信

via radio 经无线电

virtue [ 5vE:tju: ] n. 德行，美德；贞操；优点；功效，效力

例句①He was exempt from charges by virtue of his youth. 他因年幼而获得免费。

②Honesty is a virtue. 诚实是一种美德。

搭配by(in) virtue of 由于；借助于

串记visual,virus

visible [ 5vizEbl ] adj. 看得见的，可见的；显而易见的

例句These organisms arenot visible to the naked eye. 这些有机体是肉眼看不到的。

搭配speak with visiblecontempt, dismay, impatience 说话中流露出轻蔑﹑气馁﹑不耐烦之意

a visible file 一目了然的文件

串记vision,visual, visualize, invisible

volunteer [ vRlEn5tiE ] n. 志愿者，志愿

v. 自愿(提供)

例句He volunteered forguard duty. 他自告奋勇去站岗。

搭配volunteer to giveblood 自愿献血

串记volcano; voluntary

whereas [ (h)wZEr5Az ] conj. 然而，尽管，但是；反之

例句He was poor, whereashis brother was very rich. 他很贫穷，但他的弟弟却很富有。

串记nevertheless

urge [ E:dV ] v. 催促，力劝；竭力主张；鼓励，促进

n. 强烈的欲望

例句①It is impolite for one to urge other people to drink in the west.

在西方，过分劝酒是不礼貌的。

②The government urged on industry the importance of low paysettlements.

政府向工商业界强调解决低工资问题的重要性。

搭配urge on 推进；驱策；竭力主张

get a sudden urge to travel 心血来潮去旅行

串记forge, surge; urgent

transform [ trAns5fC:m ] v. 变换；变压；转化；改革

n. 变换(式)，转换

例句①In only 20 years, the country has been transformed into an advancedindustrial power.

这个国家仅用了20年时间就发展成为一个发达的工业化国家。

②Success and wealth transformed his character.

成功和财富改变了他的性格。

串记transfer

vital [ 5vaitl ] adj. 生死攸关的；生命的，生机的；重要的，至关重要的

例句①He had always been so vital, so full of life and energy. 他总是那样生气勃勃，充满活力和精力。

②Contrasts are a vital feature of environment design. 协调是环境设计的一个重要特点。

搭配a vital examination 一场至关重要的考试

a vital injury 致命伤

串记mental, metal,coastal, install; fatal,crucial

wealthy [ 5welWi ] adj. 丰富的，富裕的，充分的

n. 富人，有钱人

例句Two-thirds of themembers belong to the wealthy class. 三分之二的成员属于富有阶级。

搭配a wealthy land 富饶的土地

wealthy in compassion 感情丰富

串记wealth, abundant

widespread [ 5waidspred,-5spred ] adj. 分布广泛的；普遍的

例句There is a widespreaddissatisfaction among the students with the food on campus.

学生们对学校的饭菜普遍不太满意。

串记width, widen; total,universal, entire, altogether

wonderful [ 5wQndEful ] adj. 惊人的，奇妙的；极好的

例句What a wonderfulmemory she has! 她的记忆力多么惊人啊！

搭配wonderful news 极好的消息

串记cheerful,delightful

withstand [ wiT5stAnd ] vt. 抵挡；经得住，经受

例句①The city succeeded in withstanding the siege of the enemy. 这座城市成功地抵挡住敌人的围困。

②I couldn’t withstand the murderous heat. 热得要命，我受不了。

串记withdraw

workforce [ 5wE:kfC:s ] n. 劳动力，工人总数，职工总数

例句Part of the workforceis on overtime. 部分工人正在加班干活。

串记workshop

worthwhile [ 5wE:W5(h)wail ] adj. 值得(花时间或精力)的

例句The visit to Italywas worthwhile. 那次意大利之行很值得。

串记worthy,worthless, worth

worthy [ 5wE:Ti ] adj. (of) 有价值的；可敬的；配得上的(of)

例句He is worthy of ourpraise. 他值得我们赞许。

搭配be worthy of… 值得，应得到…

a worthy cause 崇高的事业

a worthy record of achievements 以往的突出成就

串记worthless,worthwhile, worth

innocent [ 5inEsnt ] adj. (of) 清白的，无罪的；天真的，无知的；无害的

例句①Can you provide any evidence that he was innocent of the crime?

你能提供证据证明他没有犯这罪吗？

②Don’t be so innocent as to believe everything the politicians tellyou.

别那么幼稚，以为政客说的一切都是可信的。

搭配be innocent of acrime 无罪

串记decent

insert [ in5sE:t ] vt. 插入，嵌入；登载

n. 插入物

例句He inserted the keyin the lock but could not open the door. 他把钥匙插入锁中但没能打开门。

串记alert, exert, convert

embarrass [ im5bArEs ] v. 使窘迫，使困扰，使为难；妨碍，牵累

例句①When I began to sing, he laughed and made me embarrassed. 我开始唱歌时，他大笑起来，使我感到很窘。

②He was embarrassed by many debts. 他被很多债务弄得焦灼不安。

搭配be embarrassed by 因…而感到困窘、局促不安

astonish [ Es5tCniF ] v. 使吃惊，使惊愕

例句The news astonished everybody.这消息使人人感到惊讶。

immigrant [ 5imi^rEnt ] n. (外来的)移民，侨民

adj. (从国外)移来的，移民的，侨民的

例句Immigrants can’t workin the United States without a permit. 在美国如果没有许可证，移民就不能工作。

comparative [ kEm5pArEtiv ] adj. 比较的，比较上的，相当的

n. 比较级

例句In a poor country,owning a bicycle is a sign of comparative wealth.

在贫穷的国家里，有辆自行车就是比较富裕的象征。

dictation [ dik5teiFEn ] n. 口授，听写，命令

例句①She was tired of herhusband’s dictation. 她对丈夫的发号施令感到厌烦。

②The teacher gave us a French dictation. 老师给我们作了一次法语听写。

remote [ ri5mEut ] adj. 遥远的，时间久远的；距离很大的，关系很远的；疏远的，冷淡的

例句①I like to go toremote areas. 我喜欢去偏远的地方。

②I think it’s the remote control. 我想那是遥控器。

assumption [ E5sQmpFEn ] n. 假定，假设 ；假装

例句Their assumption thattheir project under way was something entirely new proved to be untrue.

他们以为他们正在进行的课题是崭新的，事实证明不是那样。

addition [ E5diFEn ] n. 加，加法

例句Our baby brother isan addition to our family. 新出生的弟弟使我们家多了一口人。

搭配in addition 也，另外

in addition to 除…之外

alike [ E5laik ] adj. 相同的，相像的

adv. 同样地，相似地

例句He treats allcustomers alike. 他对所有的顾客都是一视同仁。

additional [ E5diFEnl ] adj. 附加的，追加的，另外的

搭配additional outlay 额外开支

an additional tax 附加税

apologize/-ise [ E5pClEdVaiz ] v. 道歉

例句You must apologize toyour sister for being so rude. 你太无理了，必须向你姐姐道歉。

搭配apologize to sb. forsth. 因某事向某人道歉

analysis [E5nAlisis](pl. analyses) n. 分析，分解

例句In the last analysis, theresponsibility for this failure must lie with the chief engineer.

追根究底，失败的责任在于总工程师。

搭配in the last (final)analysis 归根结底，总而言之

compound [ 5kCmpaund ] n. 混合物，复合词；用围墙圈起的建筑物(场地)

adj. 混合的，复合的

例句①Her character was compounded in equal parts of meanness andgenerosity. 她的为人慷慨吝啬参半。

②He compounded with his creditors for a remission of what he owed. 他和他的债权人谈妥免除其债务。

comparison [ kEm5pAris(E)n ] n. 比较，对照；比喻

例句①In comparison with other students, Mike is more diligent. 和其他学生相比，麦克更加勤勉一些。

②We can only tell good from bad by comparison. 我们可以通过比较来分辨好坏。

搭配stand comparison with不亚于

beyond comparison 天壤之别

bring into comparison 拿来做比较

in comparison with 与…比较

by comparison 比较起来

counter [ 5kauntE ] n. 柜台；筹码

adj. 相反的，对立的；反对的，敌意的

adj. 相反的，反对的

例句①Economic trends are running counter to the forecasts. 经济发展趋势与预测的结果截然相反。

②They countered our proposal with one of their own. 他们针对我们的建议提出了一项相反的建议。

搭配run counter to 与…相反

comprehension [ 7kCmpri5henFEn ] n. 理解

例句Theproblem is above [beyond] my comprehension. 这个问题超出我的理解力。

搭配beabove comprehension 难理解的

characterise, characterize [ `kArEktEraIz ] v. 成为…的特征，以…为特征；描写(人或物)的特性，描绘

例句I believe that dreamshelp people to characterise themselves and advance their demand of success.

我相信梦能帮助人描绘和激发他们对成功的渴望！

compose [ kEm5pEuz ] v. 组成，构成；创作，作曲；使安定，使平静

例句①The committee wascomposed mainly of teachers and parents. 委员会主要由教师和学生家长组成。

②His mind was in such a whirl that he could hardly compose histhoughts. 他心乱如麻难以镇定下来。

搭配be composed of =bemade up of, consist of 由…组成

compose tests 出考题

council [ 5kaunsil ] n. 理事会，委员会；地方议会

例句He submitted hisproposal for urban development to the city council. 他将城市发展建议提交市议会。

搭配district council 区自治会

executive council 咨询会议

in council 在会议中

cultivate [ 5kQltiveit ] v. 耕，耕作；栽培(植物)，养殖(鱼类等)；培养，修习，陶冶(思想、感情等)

例句We should cultivatethe good habits of diligence and frugality. 我们要养成勤俭节约的好风气。

派生cultivation (n. 耕作；栽培，养殖；教化，培养)

confusion [ kEn5fju:VEn ] n. 混乱，混乱状态，骚乱

例句①This misprint led to great confusion.

这个印刷错误造成很大的混淆。

②There is some confusion about what the right procedure should be.

对应该采取怎样的步骤这一点还不太明确。

搭配a state of confusion 混乱的状态

civilization/civilization [ 9sIvIlaI`zeIFEn ] n. 文明，文化

例句It has been, andremains, part of every known civilisation on Earth.

它曾是且仍然是地球上任何一个已知文明的一部分。

distinct [ dis5tiNkt ] adj. 不同的，个别的，单独的；清晰的，分明的，确实的

例句①Mozart’s style is quite distinct from Haydn’s. 莫扎特在风格上与海顿截然不同。

②There was a distinct sense of embarrassment in the air. 周围的气氛中有一种明显的局促不安的感觉。

搭配be distinct from 不同的，有差别的

detect [ di5tekt ] v. 发现，查明，测出

例句①I seemed to detect some anger in his voice. 我似乎觉察到他说话的语调里有一点生气。

②This police officer’s job is to detect fraud. 这位警官负责侦查欺诈案。

date [ deit ] n. 日期，时期；约会；枣

v.给…注明日期，记下日期；确定…年代，推算…日期

例句Most pop songs soon date.大多数流行歌曲不久便过时。

搭配out of date 过时的，陈旧的

to date 迄今

up to date 现代化的，最新的

divide [ di5vaid ] v. 分割，分切，分隔；除；使分裂，使产生分歧，离间

例句The engineers' opinions divided. 工程师们的意见不同。

donation [ dEu5neiFEn ] n. 捐赠，赠品，捐款

例句We are c ollectingdonations for the relief fund. 我们在为救济基金募捐。

dramatic [ drE5mAtik ] adj. 戏剧(性)的，刺激的，激动人心的；引人注目的，印象深刻的，突然的

例句①She made a dramatic speech at the meeting.

她在会上发表了激动人心的演说。

②The government is alarmed by the dramatic increase in violent crime.

政府对暴力犯罪案件的急剧增加感到担心。

搭配dramatic criticism 戏剧评论

dramatic performance 戏剧表演

dramatic description 戏剧般的描写

discard [ dis5kB:d ] v. 丢掉，舍弃

例句He discarded the oldtheory. 他丢弃了旧理论。

搭配discard the drossand select the essential 去粗取精

immediate [ i5mi:djEt ] adj. 立即的，即时的；最接近的，贴近的，直接的

例句Is there a gas station in the immediatearea?附近有加油站吗？

intention [ in5tenFEn ] n. 意图，打算，目的；意思，含义

例句①The intention ofthe provision is clear. 那条款的含义是清楚的。

②I have no intention to hurt you. 我没有伤害你的意思。

independent [ indi5pendEnt ] adj. 独立的，自治的；自力更生的，自立的，有主见的

例句①You should learn to be independent of your parents. 你应该学习不要依赖父母。

②These charges are independent of his present decisions. 这些费用和现在的决定无关。

搭配independent of 与…无关，不取决于…，不受…限制

be independence from 独立于…

intend [ intend ] v. 想要，打算；意指

例句What do you intend todo today? 你今天打算做什么？

interaction [ 7intEr5AkFEn ] n. 相互作用，相互影响

例句Now it is time forthe interaction again. 又到了我们的互动时间了。

invest [ invest ] v. 投资，投入(时间、精力等)，耗费；授予(权利、权力等)

例句He invested alot of time in trying to help retarded children. 他把大量时间化在设法帮助弱智儿童上。

independence [ 7indi5pendEns ] n. 独立，自主，自立

例句India gained independence from Britain in 1947. 印度于一九四七年脱离英国获得独立。

blue [ blu: ] adj. 蓝色的；沮丧的，忧郁的

n. 蓝色

例句①His face was blue with cold. 他的脸冻得发紫。

②Cathy felt blue all day. 凯西整天沮丧着。

搭配once in a blue 难得一次

out of the blue 出乎意料地

boost [ bu:st ] v. 推动，促进，激励

例句①The publication of this boost my confidence.

这本书的出版增强了我的信心。

②Edward is not very cheerful, he needs a holiday to boost him up.

爱德华精神欠佳，他需要度假以振作起来。

搭配boost imports, shareprices, the dollar, etc. 增加进口﹑提高股票价格、提高美元汇价

boost production 促进生产

a boost to our spirits 对我们精神上的鼓舞

give the economy, the pound, etc. a boost 使经济﹑英镑等有起色

give sb’s confidence a boost 增强某人的信心

badly [ 5bAdli ] adv. 恶劣地；有缺点地，拙劣地；非常

例句She was badly hurt whenshe fell from the ladder. 她从梯子上跌下来，伤得很厉害。

搭配be badly off 生活拮据，穷困

beneath [ bi5ni:W ] prep. 在…正下方，在…底下，低于

例句①The earth lay beneath a blanket of snow. 大地被厚厚的白雪覆盖。

②He considers such jobs beneath him. 他认为做这样的工作有失身分。

frighten [ 5fraitn ] v. 使惊恐，吓唬，使害怕

例句The ghost story frightened thechild. 这个鬼怪故事使孩子十分惊恐。

fairly [ 5fZEli ] adv. 公正地，正当地，诚实地；完全，简直；相当，还算

例句①He was fairlybeside himself with rage. 他气得快疯了。

②It’s a fairly good book. 这是一本相当好的书。

forth [ fC:W ] adv. 向前，以后，往外

例句Hispartial attitude called forth a lot of criticism. 他的偏袒态度招致了不少批评。

搭配andso forth 等等

historical [ his5tCrikEl ] adj. (关于)历史的，历史上的

例句The historical aspectformed the main theme of her essay. 她的论文的主题是由历史观点贯穿起来的。

humanity [ hju(：)5mAniti ] n. 人性，人；人道，仁慈；人文学科

例句She has a backgroundin humanities and modern languages. 她学过人文学科和现代语言。

load [ lEud ] n. 负担，负荷；载重量，工作量

v. 装(货)，装子弹，装胶卷

例句The air was loadedwith soot. 空气充满煤烟。

搭配take a load off one’sfeet 坐下休息

have a load on 喝醉

learned [ 5lE:nid ] adj. 博学的，有学问的

例句①The more learned aman is, the more modest he usually is. 人愈有学问，往往愈是谦虚。

②He is learned in thelaw. 他精通法律。

搭配a learned professor 一位知识渊博的教授

agreement [ E5^ri:mEnt ] n. 同意，一致；协定，协议

例句They have made an agreementabout the plan. 他们在这个计划上意见一致了。

搭配reached an agreement 达成协议

estate [ i5steit ] n. 地产，财产；庄园，种植园；住宅区

例句She left her estateto her daughter. 她把财产留给了女儿。

搭配housing estate 住宅区

estate agent 房地产经纪人

real estate 房地产

exhibition [ 7eksi5biFEn ] n. 展览会，展览(品)，陈列品；表现，表演，显示

例句They are coming tothe exhibition as my guests. 他们作为我邀请的客人来参观展览会。

搭配a good opportunityfor the exhibition of one’s talents 展示[发挥]才能的好机会

evolution [ 7i:vE5lu:FEn, 7evE- ] n. 进展，发展，演变；进化，演化

例句In the course of evolution,some birds have lost the power of flight.

在演化过程中一些鸟失去了飞行的能力。

exhibit [ i^5zibit ] v. 展览，展出，陈列；表现，显出，显示

n. 陈列品，展览，展览品

例句She exhibited no fearin the face of danger. 她面对危险毫无惧色。

magnetic [ mA^5netik ] adj. 磁的，有磁性的；有吸引力的，有魅力的

例句①It is magnetic and will draw good to you. 它具有吸引力，会给你带来好处。

②Magnetic is one of the elements of human existence. 磁是人类生存的要素之一

mine [ main ] pron. 我的

n. 矿藏，矿；地雷，水雷

v. 开矿，采矿

例句①The mine was closed owing to exhaustion. 这个煤矿因矿源枯竭而被关闭。

②My neighbor is a mine of information about history. 我的一位邻居历史知识十分渊博。

normally [ 5nC:mEli ] adv. 正常情况下，通常

例句Normally, the disease lasts about five days. 这种病通常持续大约五天。

opening [ 5EupniN ] n. 口，孔，通路；开端；(林中)空地，(职位)空缺

adj. 开头的，第一次的

例句①The official openingof the store will take place next week. 这家店下周正式开张。

②There was an opening in the wall. 墙上有个洞。

option [ 5CpFEn ] n. 选择，选择权

例句He had no option butto agree. 他除了同意外别无选择。

搭配make one’s option 做选择

perception [ pE5sepFEn ] n. 感觉，知觉；观念，看法；洞察力，理解力

例句His analysis of theproblem showed great perception. 他对该问题的分析显示出敏锐的洞察力。

搭配visual perception 视觉感知；视知觉

aesthetic perception 美感，审美观念；审美知觉

improve one’s powers of perception提高认识能力

perspective [ pE5spektiv ] n. 观点，看法；前景，展望；(对事物的)正确判断，洞察力，视角；透视画法，透视图

例句You have the wrongperspective on that situation. 对于那个情势的未来发展，你的看法是不正确的。

搭配in perspective 正确地， 显示在脑海中， 符合透视法地

persuade [ pE5sweid ] v. 说服，劝服，使…相信

例句I am almost persuadedof his honesty. 我几乎相信他是诚实的。

搭配persuade sb. to do sth. 说服某人做某事

phase [ feiz ] n. 阶段，状态；方面；(月相)盈亏v. 使分阶段进行

例句①What phase of mathematics areyou studying now? 你在学习哪一方面的数学？

②It was a very important phase of history. 它是一个非常重要的历史阶段。

philosophy [ fi5lCsEfi ] n. 哲学，哲理；人生观，宗旨；(某一门学科的)基本原理

例句①Ancient Greece was a fountain of wisdom and philosophy. 古希腊是智慧和哲学的源泉。

②This is our consistent business philosophy. 这也是我们一贯的经营理念。

plain [ plein ] adj. 朴素的，简单的；明白的，清楚的；坦白的，直率的；相貌平常的

例句①He made it plainthat he did not like me. 他很明白地说他不喜欢我。

②The child has a plain face. 这孩子相貌平常。

搭配as plain as apikestaff 一清二楚

as plain asdaylight 一清二楚

postpone [ pEust5pEun ] v. 延期，延缓

例句The commander decidedto postpone the big push until the spring.

指挥官决定把大规模的进攻推迟到春天进行。

prejudice [ 5predVudis ] n. 偏见，成见

v. 使抱偏见；损害

例句①A mist of prejudice spoiled his judgment.

偏见的迷雾损害了他的判断力。

②That would most certainly tend to prejudice country-born peopleagainst him.

这就必然使乡下人对他抱有成见。

productivity [ 7prCdQk5tiviti ] n. 生产能力，生产率

例句The new system hashad a disastrous effect on productivity. 新制度已对生产力造成了灾难性的影响。

搭配labor productivity 劳动生产率

raise productivity 提高生产率

profession [ prE5feFEn ] n. (尤指从事脑力劳动或受过专门训练的)职业；专业人员；表白，声明

例句His ability carriedhim to the top of his profession. 他有本事能在本行业中首屈一指。

搭配by profession 职业是…

qualification [ 7kwClifi5keiFEn ] n. 限制，条件；授权，批准，使具有资格；资格，资历，

(pl. )考试合格证明书

例句①What are the qualifications for an airline pilot? 当一名民航飞机驾驶员要具备哪些条件？②She passed her qualificationfor the Olympic gymnastic competition. 她获得了奥林皮克体操比赛的资格。

quake [ kweik ] v. 震动，颤抖，哆嗦

例句There were four majorquakes in this century. 本世纪有四次大的地震。

quote [ kwEut ] v. 引用…的话，引证，引述；报…的价，开价；把…放入括号

n. 引文，引语；牌价，报价

例句He quotes the Bibleto support his beliefs. 他引用《圣经》来支持他的信仰。

搭配quote a price at tendollars 定价[开价]十美元

raid [ reid ] n. 袭击，突袭

v. 袭击，劫掠，搜查

例句①Police made a lightning raid on the house.

警方突然查抄了那座房子。

②All the air raid warnings, without exception, had been false alarm.

所有空袭预告—毫无例外—都是虚假警报。

搭配air raid 空袭

rank [ rANk ] n. 排，行；军衔，地位；显贵，高地位；

(pl) 士兵；队形

v. 把…分等级，列为；把…排列整齐

例句①This is the first time we have to rank. 这是我们第一次得名次。

②He is in a higher rank than me. 他的级别比我高。

rare [ rZE ] adj. 罕见的，稀罕的；稀薄的，稀疏的；极佳的，珍贵的；(指肉)半熟的

例句①I had a rare beef steak. 我吃了一块做得很嫩的牛排。

②The higher you climb up the mountain, the rarer the air is. 越往山上爬，空气越稀薄。

reasonable [ 5ri:znEbl ] adj. 懂道理的，合情合理的；有理智的，明智的；公道的，不贵的

例句I think it’sreasonable price. 我觉得这是个合理的价格。

reception [ ri5sepFEn ] n. 接待，欢迎，招待；招待会，欢迎会；接受，承认

例句They gave the PrimeMinister a cool reception. 他们很冷淡地接待了这位首相。

搭配warm reception 热情接待

reception desk 接待处(等于frontdesk)

reception area 接待处；接待室

reception room 会客室，接待室

wedding reception 结婚宴会，婚宴

recession [ ri5seFEn ] n. (经济)衰退，不景气；后退，撤退

例句His factory closeddown during the period of economic recession. 他的工厂在经济衰退时期关闭了。

reference [ 5refrEns ] n. 谈到，提及；参照，参考；附注，旁注；证明书，推荐人

例句When I was looking for a job, I asked my head teacher to give me a reference. 当我在找工作时，我向我的班主任要一份关于我情况的证明。

搭配without reference to 不论，与…无关

reject [ ri5dVekt ] v. 抛弃，丢弃；拒绝，不接受

n. 被抛弃的东西，次品，废品；被弃者

例句①The patient’s body rejected the heart transplant. 病人的身体排斥移植的心脏。

②You can reject me, but do not cheat me. 你可以拒绝我，但不可以骗我。

remind [ ri5maind ] v. 提醒，使想起

例句They remind me thatyou’ll be back. 他们提醒我说，你会回来的。

搭配remindsb. of sth.使某人想起…

remind sb. to do sth. 提醒某人做某事

remark [ ri5mB:k ] n. 议论，评论，话；注意，留意

v. 谈及，说；谈论，评论；注意，看

例句①He pretended to understand the full implications of his teacher’sremark. 他假装理解了老师话的全部含意。

②Did you remark the similaritybetween them? 你注意到他们中的相似之处吗？

搭配remark on 评论…

resist [ ri5zist ] v. 抵抗，对抗，抵制；抗，耐，抵挡住；克制，忍住

例句I couldn’t resistthe temptation to tease ollie. 我忍不住要逗奥利玩。

搭配resiststh. 抵御/抵抗某事

resist the temptation to do sth.忍不住做某事

revolution [ 7revE5lu:FEn ] n. 旋转，环绕；革命，改革

例句The industrialrevolution had taken place in England first. 工业革命首先在英国发生。

搭配the revolution of themoon round the earth 月球绕地球转

scholar [ 5skClE ] n. 学者，博学之士；学生，门徒

例句As a scholar youwill not have to pay college fees. 作为接受奖学金的学生，你不必付大学的费用。

significance [ si^5nifikEns ] n. 意义，意味；重要性

例句Nobody can achieveanything of real significance unless he works very hard.

一个人要是不努力， 他就将一事无成。

smooth [ smu:T ] adj. 平坦的；平稳的，平静的；流畅的；圆滑的；和蔼的

v. 使平滑，使顺利，使平静等

搭配smooth away 使平滑，使顺利

somehow [ 5sQmhaJ ] adv. 不知怎么地，反正；以某种方法，设法地

例句Somehow or other, thebaby burst into tears. 那个婴儿不知为什么大哭起来。

spare [ spZE ] adj. 多余的，空暇的；备用的

v. 舍弃不用，拨出让给；节约，省用；饶恕，赦免

例句Apart from schoolwork, I spend my spare time in singing and angling.

除了学校功课之外，空闲时我喜爱唱歌和钓鱼。

spite [ spait ] n. 怨恨，恶意

例句I’m sure he took myparking space just out of spite. 我认为他侵占我的停车位肯定是有意和我作对。

搭配in spite of 不管，不顾

spoil [ spCil ] v. 损坏，糟蹋；宠坏，溺爱n. 掠夺物，赃物

例句A fond mother may spoilher child. 溺爱的母亲可能会宠坏她的孩子。

搭配bespoiling for (口)极想，切望

stem [ stem ] n. (植物的)茎，干

v. 遏止，阻止(液体流动等)

例句She bought some roseswith long stems. 她买了一些枝干很长的玫瑰花。

搭配stem from 来自，起源于；由…造成

to stem the blood 止血

to stem the swift current 逆流而上

survive [ sE5vaiv ] v. 残存，幸存，生还；比…长寿

例句She survived herhusband by twenty years. 她丈夫去世后她又活了二十年。

statistics [ stE5tistiks ] n. 统计，统计数字；统计学

例句I happen to have the official statistics with me. 我碰巧身边有官方的统计数字。

strain [ strein ] n. 拉紧；需费神之事物；劳累，竭尽；扭筋，脱臼

v. 拉紧，张紧；尽量利用；损伤

例句He was breaking upunder the strain. 他劳累过度，身体逐渐衰弱。

搭配under the/a strain 处于拉紧状态，处于紧张状态

stand the strain 拼命忍受紧张

talk in a lofty strain 高谈阔论

surface [ 5sE:fis ] n. 表面；水面；外表

adj. 表面的，外表的，水面的

v. 露出水面，显露，呈现

例句The Americans arestrengthening their surface fleet. 美国人正在加强他们的水上舰队。

搭配on the surface 表面上

trick [ trik ] n. 诡计；恶作剧；戏法；窍门；癖好

v. 哄骗，欺骗

例句Her partner tried totrick her out of her share. 她的合伙人企图骗走她的股份。

搭配card tricks 用纸牌变的戏法

trick out (up) 装饰；打扮

play a trick on 捉弄…

trick sb. into (doing) sth. 骗某人(做)

trick sb. out of sth. 骗取某人…

thick [ Wik ] adj. 厚的，粗的；稠密的，密集的；(指液体)稠的，浓厚的；愚笨的，迟钝的；亲密的

例句①Offers of help are coming in thick and fast. 四面八方立即伸出援助之手。

②Hehad a thick foreign accent. 他(说话) 有很重的外国口音。

thunder [ 5WQndE ] n. 雷，雷声；似雷的响声，轰响

v. 打雷；轰轰作响；大声说，吼叫，强烈谴责

例句①It thunderedseveral times, but no rain fell. 打了几次雷，却没下雨

②They thunderedagainst cheating on exams. 他们大声疾呼反对考试作弊。

virtually [ 5vE:tjuEli ] adv. 实际上，简直，差不多

例句Two independentinvestigators have reached virtually the same conclusions.

两个调查人员各自做出的结论简直完全一致。 5QKQ4iWbjT6uUL5DCj/SH4uST1eIZbBIQvx4suQAgzFJITwpxO/7YMh13r7mxh1g