亚伯拉罕·林肯(Abraham Lincoln)

名人档案

亚伯拉罕·林肯（Abraham Lincoln, 1809—1865），美国第16任总统。在其总统任内，美国爆发南北内战，南方的奴隶制度得以废除。内战结束后不久，林肯遇刺身亡，是第一位遭到刺杀的美国总统。

简介与鉴赏

[18]63年11月19日，林肯在宾夕法尼亚州葛底斯堡出席为内战中捐躯的将士建造的国家公墓的揭幕礼，随后发表了这篇不到3分钟的演讲。

演讲向那些为建立平等自由的联邦而牺牲的士兵们致敬，阐述了“民有、民治、民享”这个民主政治理念。

演讲典雅肃穆，致敬逝者的同时勉励生者。文篇简短，但“我们”一词多有出现，传达了团结凝聚之意。

这是美国历史上最著名的演讲之一，亦已成为美国的政治记忆。

英文正文

Four score and seven years ago our fathers broughtforth ^[1] on this continent, a new nation, conceived ^[2] in Liberty, and dedicated ^[3] to the proposition that all men are created equal.

Now we are engaged in a great civil war, testing whether that nation, or any nation so conceived and so dedicated, can long endure ^[4] . We are met on a great battle-fi eld of that war. We have come to dedicate a portion ^[5] of that fi eld, as a fi nal restin place for those who here gave their lives that that nation might live. It is altogether fi tting and proper that we should do this

But, in a larger sense, we can not dedicate—we can not consecrate ^[6] —we can not hallow ^[7] —this ground. The brave men, living and dead who struggled here, have consecrated it,far above our poor power to add or detract ^[8] . The world will little note, nor long remember what we say here, but it can never forget what they did here. It is for us the living, rather, to be dedicated here to the unfinished work which they who fought here have thus far so nobly advanced. It is rather for us to behere dedicated to the great task remaining before us—that fromthese honored dead we take increased devotion to that causefor which they gave the last full measure of devotion— that wehere highly resolve that these dead shall not have died in vain—that this nation, under God, shall have a new birth of freedom—and that government of the people, by the people, for the people,shall not perish from the earth .

单词/词组

[1] bring forth ⁴ : phr. 产生，发展，提出

[2] conceive ⁶ : v. 设想，怀孕

[3] dedicate ⁶ : v. 致力于，献出

[4] endure ⁴ : v. 忍受，持久

[5] portion ⁴ : n. 一部分

[6] consecrate ⁸ : v. 使神圣，奉献

[7] hallow ⁸ : v. 使神圣

[8] detract ⁸ : v. 减损

中文译文

八十又七年前吾辈先祖于这大陆上肇建一个新的国度，乃孕育于自由，且致力于凡人皆生而平等之信念。

当下吾等被卷入一场伟大的内战，以考验是否此国度，或任何肇基于和奉献于斯者，可永垂不朽。吾等现相逢于此战中一处浩大战场。而吾等将奉献此战场之部分，作为这群交付彼者生命以让那国度勉能生存的人们的最后安息之处。此乃全然妥切且适当而为吾人应行之举。

但，于更大意义之上，吾等无法致力、无法奉上、无法成就此土之圣。这群勇者，无论生死，曾于斯奋战到底，早已使其神圣，而远超过吾人卑微之力所能增减。这世间不曾丝毫留意，也不长久记得吾等于斯所言，但永不忘怀彼人于此所为。 吾等生者，理应当然，献身于此辈鞠躬尽瘁之未完大业。吾等在此责无旁贷献身于眼前之伟大使命：自光荣的亡者之处吾人肩起其终极之奉献——吾等在此答应亡者之死当非徒然——此国度，于神佑之下，当享有自由之新生——民有、民治、民享之政府当免于凋零。 tWmrKsT9rJ/+XqA6xRa3WxH7VSbojiD1OeOIN3fB5YAPWo94NYf3haKubeU1fsHr