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1.2 Mini-Lecture命题分析及应试技巧

1.真题回顾

通过上图可知最近几年讲座的命题特点为:

◆选材明确

在2004年之前,讲座的选材范围颇广,涉及各个方面,没有很强的专业性,一般都是关于考生日常接触的事物,如政治、经济、教育、文化等。自从2004年颁布新大纲以后,选材范围变窄,大纲明确指出讲座部分的内容与英语专业知识课程相关,涉及的范围包括:英美文学、英美国家的概况、语言学、跨文化交际、词汇学、英语教学法和英语教育心理学等,因此考生应在平时打下扎实的专业基础。

◆语言正式

讲座一般为正式文体,使用的语言比较规范,经常会出现一些专业名词和术语。

◆层次分明

讲座的整体结构层次分明,逻辑性强,信息引导词清晰明了,使听者容易跟上并且踩准讲座的每一个节奏,层层推进,理顺脉络。

2.考点分析

(1)要点题

要点题即针对讲座的要点设置空缺,讲座的要点一般为体现讲座的主要内容和文章脉络的句子,多为段落的主题句,在答题纸上一般以黑体突出显示。解答要点题需要考生从宏观上把握文章的脉络结构。

例: [2006年真题]

Meaning in Literature

I. Meaning is what is intended by 1 .

Apart from reading an author's work in question, readers need to

1)read 2 by the same author;

2)get familiar with 3 at the time;

3)get to know cultural values and symbols of the time.

II. Meaning exists “in” the text itself.

III. Meaning is created by 7 .

【录音原文】

Good Morning. In today's lecture, we shall discuss what meaning is in literary works. When we read novels, poems etc., we invariably ask ourselves a question, that is, what does the writer mean here? In other words, we are interested in finding out the meaning. But meaning is a difficult issue in literature. How do we know what a work of literature is supposed to mean, or what its real meaning is? I'd like to discuss 3 ways to explain what meaning is.

No. 1 Meaning is what is intended by the author .

No. 2 Meaning is created by and contained in the text itself.

And No. 3 Meaning is created by the reader .

(2)细节题

细节题是要点之下细节内容上的填空,是专八讲座采用最多的出题形式。细节题大致分为:直截了当型,细节理解型和推断题。

①直截了当型

此类细节题可以直接拿来就填,讲座内容和需要填入的内容完全吻合,所以只要笔记上记录下来,就可以答出题。

例: [2009年真题]

III. Structure of an experimental report

— feature: highly structured and 3

— sections and their content:

INTRODUCTION 4 ; why you did it

METHOD how you did it

RESULT what you found out

5 what you think it shows

【录音原文】

A highly structured and disciplined report is written in sections, and the sections by and large follow an established sequence.

②细节理解型

该类题虽然也是对细节的考查,但听到的内容不能直接填入空缺,需要对听到的内容进行同义转换、词性转换、思维角度转换等来满足空缺处对字数、语法等的要求。

例: [2009年真题]

I. Content of an experimental report, e.g.

— study subject/ area

— study purpose

__1__

【录音原文】

All report is, really, is the place in which you tell the story of your study, like what you did, why you did it, what you found out in the process and so on.

[答案]study result/findings(同义转换、思维角度转换)

(3)推断题

这种类型的填空题是最为常见的一种,它既考察要点细节上的内容,又测试考生的灵活推断能力。听到的内容不可以拿来就用,需要根据所听的内容、所记的笔记,仔细斟酌推测,得出恰当的答案。

例: [2007年真题]

V. Art as a reflection of social changes

A. Cause of changes:(9)______ of different cultures

B. Changes

—tribal people: effects of(10)______ on art forms

—European artists: influence of African traditional art in their works

—American and Canadian artists: study of Japanese painting

【录音原文】

As people from tribal societies move to urban areas, theft values and beliefs change accordingly and their traditional art forms begin to lose their function.

[答案]urbanization(部落人在搬到都市之后,他们的价值观和信仰随着改变,而传统的艺术形式开始减弱。由此可以推断,都市化进程对原始部落的艺术形式有影响,故答案为urbanization。)

(4)归纳总结题

顾名思义,归纳总结题就是从一段讲座内容中归纳总结出共有的特性并下一个结论。这类题目不容易回答,因为考生在做笔记的时,往往没有意识到某个长篇解释或者形象化的介绍说明就是在填空的时候需要归纳总结的内容。所以,必须有意识地把阐明同一观点的内容记录在一个平行线上,以便填空的时候将其整合起来分析。对历年的考题进行分析可发现,填空题的内容基本上都是对讲座内容的浓缩和总结,考查学生的思维归纳能力和用词能力。

例: [2005年真题]

Research Paper and Ordinary Essay

A. Similarity in(1)basic writing steps:

e.g.——choosing a topic

——asking questions

——identifying the audience

B. Difference mainly in terms of(2)________

1.research paper: printed sources

2.ordinary essay:ideas in one's mind

【听力原文】

What makes a research paper different is that much of your raw material comes not from your own head, but f rom printed sources mainly books and periodicals in the library. Collecting raw material, that is reading books and taking notes,is very much like the process of brainstorming at the prewriting stage of an ordinary essay.

本题答案定位在文中斜体部分,但是如何把它归纳总结浓缩成简单的词组呢?从printed sources,mainly books and periodicals可以归纳出一个共同点,那就是信息来源,所以真正的区别是信息来源的不同。答案可以是source of information/source of material等。

3.应试技巧

(1)抓主旨

根据讲座结构特点可知,文章的开头部分往往会对全文的主体和分述的要点加以说明,因此考生一定要抓住文章主旨,以便更好的听懂下文。

(2)做好细节方面的记录

一些细节题主要用来考查考生把握细节信息的能力。考生需要对信息引导词句提高敏感度。

(3)学会做笔记的方法

考生只需要有选择地将重要的信息记录下来即可,不需要完全的记录。另外在速记时要擅用通用符号和缩略语。如下:

(4)做笔记注意层次清晰

为了层次清晰,笔记内容可分纵横两个方向。纵向排列的是讲座的要点,横向排列的是要点之下细节的内容。首先,捕捉每一个层次上的信号词,如连接词、过渡词,将其要点罗列,层次梳理清楚。其次,捕捉实词和关键词,将每个要点上的细节内容充实。最后再根据笔记从容填空。 xk131yMMb8Pz3vHgIPg1HSHBNu1Fsreuf7CZVps/kxQN2lm2yr9TwZj1/JBLoNqi

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