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Listening

Section 1

场景介绍

一位女士电话询问慈善晚宴地点租赁事宜。事项涉及场地租金、付款方式、设备使用等。电话中工作人员对于乐队进出、音量控制、活动后的场地清洁问题叮嘱较多。

本节必背词汇

enquire v. 咨询,询问

available adj. 可用的;空闲的

deposit n. 押金;订金

returnable adj. 可归还的,可退回的

credit card 信用卡

cheque n. 支票

cooker n. 锅,炊具

licence n. 执照,许可证

straightforward adj. 直接的;简单的

caretaker n. 看门人,守护者

arrangement n. 安排;约定

sort out 整理,安排妥当

throughout adv. 到处;全部

equipment n. 设备,装备,器材

van n. 箱式货车

fiddle v. 瞎摆弄 n. 小提琴

volume n. 音量;体积

legal adj. 合法的,法定的

microphone n. 麦克风,话筒

premise n. 场地

detergent n. 清洁剂

sweep v. 扫除,打扫

decoration n. 装饰;装饰物

stack up 堆积,把…摞起来

词汇拓展

actual time 实际时间

brunch n. 早午餐

budget n. 预算

buffet n. 自助餐

comfortable adj. 舒适的

discount n. 打折,折扣

energetic adj. 精力充沛的

expense n. 开销

kitchen-diner n. 大厨房(有就餐区域)

leaflet n. 宣传单

let n./v. 出租

in advance 提前

文本及疑难解析

1.And I have to tell you there's also a deposit of £250, which is returnable of course as long as there's no damage. But we do insist that this is paid in cash. We don't take cards for that. 我另外还得告诉你押金是250英镑。只要没有任何破坏,这笔钱是可以退还的。但我们一定要现金,不可以刷卡。

2.You can pay the actual rent of the room however you like though—cash, credit card, cheque... 实际的场地租金你可以随便(选择支付方式),现金、信用卡、支票都可以。本句中的however并非转折关联词“但是”,而当“任意”讲,类似whatever, whoever等词。

3.For example, you'll have to see about getting a licence if you're planning to have any music during the meal. 比如,如果在用餐过程中你们需要音乐(此处指乐队演奏),你需要获得许可证。

4.And talking of bands, I'm sure I don't need to tell you this, but you must make sure that no one fiddles about with the black box by the fire door—that's a system that cuts in when the volume reaches a certain level. It's a legal requirement. 说到乐队,相信我不需要再跟你说了,但一定要确保没有人摆弄防火安全门那里的黑盒子。那是一个在音量达到一定高度的时候会切断的系统。这是法律要求。fiddle about with意为“乱动,瞎摆弄”。

5.And the chairs and tables should be stacked up neatly at the back of the room. 桌椅需要整齐地摞在屋子的后面。

题目解析

本节出现的题型是典型的Section 1出现频率极高的纵轴个人信息表格(form)。

1.题干词Room及数字100可以成为定位答案的有效依据,但答案Charlton出现在数字100之前,虽名称中Room一词已出现,依然需要考生具有较好的记忆力。

2.本题定位较容易。读题可判断需要定位金额数字。原文提及题干词Saturday,而后紧随出现金额115,之后出现的75英镑为混淆性信息。考生需要明确weekend, weekday的含义。

3.本题答案在题干金额250英镑之后出现,考生应在听到此数字后提高警觉。本题难点在于考生可能由于缺少背景知识而无法成功定位名词cash。一般而言,在西方国家比较普遍的付款方式是cash, credit card, cheque。

4.题干词tables and chairs原文重现,比较容易定位答案。通过题干应理解本题考查费用会包含什么。原文中在题干词之后出现的parking获得了肯定回答:Yeah, that's all included。

5.本题通过题干语法可判断需要定位名词。licence一词的含义必须把握,指“许可证”,在原文中寻找许可的指向即可。答案为music。

6.本题为直叙,arrange后紧随entry一词。

7.题干词band, back原文重现,stage door为完整名词短语。本题难度低。

8.题干词cupboard原文重现,且可以通过题干语法确定需要定位名词。打开cupboard需要的是code,含义较易理解。

9.题干词wash在答案floor之后出现,需要考生具有较好的记忆能力,但题干及文本含义较易理解。

10.同第9题,答案decorations在题干词take down之前出现。

Section 2

场景介绍

关于Fiddy Working Heritage Farm的介绍。独白中的解说人介绍了农场的历史背景、参观过程中的安全须知及其他规则。解说人详细介绍了农场内各个建筑的位置及其用途。

本节必背词汇

heritage n. 继承物;传统;遗产

agriculture n. 农业;农学;农耕

rural adj. 乡村的,郊外的

typical adj. 典型的,代表性的

frighten v. 吓唬,惊吓

breed n. 品种;类型

distance n. 距离;路程

uneven adj. 不平均的

sandal n. 凉鞋;拖鞋

layout n. 布局;设计

scarecrow n. 稻草人

permanent adj. 长久的;固定的

sculpture n. 雕塑,塑像

maze n. 迷宫;迷惑

hedge n. 树篱

bend n. 弯,转弯处

craft n. 工艺;工艺品

woodwork n. 木制品;木工活

farmyard n. 农家院

footpath n. 小路;人行道

private adj. 私人的

set off 出发

词汇拓展

art gallery 画廊

art museum 美术馆

barrack n. 兵营

botanical garden 植物园

departure n. 出发,离开

district n. 区

hop-on hop-off 随到随发

metropolis n. 大都市

monument n. 纪念碑

municipal adj. 市的,市政的

municipality n. 市政当局

outskirts n. 郊区

residence n. 居所,住处

residential area 居民区,住宅区

shantytown n. 贫民区

shopping centre 商业区

slum n. 贫民窟,贫民区

stopping points 停靠地(点)

suburb n. 近郊区

traffic light 交通灯

urban adj. 市区的

文本及疑难解析

1.The ground is very uneven, and you might slip if you're wearing sandals so I'm glad to see you're all wearing shoes—we always advise people to do that. 地面非常不平整,如果你穿的是凉鞋很有可能滑倒,所以我很高兴大家穿的都是鞋子——我们总是建议大家那样做。此处shoes指能够将脚完全包起来而不露出脚面或脚趾的鞋。

2.I don't think any of you have brought dogs with you, but in case you have, I'm afraid they'll have to stay in the car park, unless they're guide dogs. 我想没有人带了狗来,但万一你带了,狗必须待在停车场,除非是导盲犬。

3.If you look ahead of you, you'll see a maze. It's opposite the New Barn, beside the side path that branches off to the right just over there. 如果向前方看,你会看到一个迷宫。它就在New Barn对面,在那条向右边分叉的小路旁边。branch off指“分叉,岔开”,动词短语。

4.If you take the side path to the right, here, just by the New Barn, you'll come to the Black Barn just where the path first bends. 如果你走右边那条小路,就这里,在New Barn旁边,会在小路的第一个转弯处看到Black Barn。bend作名词、动词均表达“转弯”。

5.And the last thing to mention is Fiddy House itself. From here you can cross the bridge then walk along the footpath through the field to the left of a farmyard. 最后要提的是Fiddy House。从这里你可以过桥,沿着小路穿过田地,走到一个农院左侧。

题目解析

本节题目难度适中。由笔记填空题11~14和地图题15~20组成。

11.题干词harm与原文中的frighten, injure为同义替换。考生需要理解含义,即可填出答案animals。

12.由题干语法可判断需要填写名词。原文中的stay at a safe distance表示“不要碰触”,且题干词not touch原文重现。答案即为tools。

13.本题为直叙。题干词wear原文重现,紧连shoes。

14.本题为直叙。题干词bring原文重现为过去分词brought,紧连dogs。注意题干所问为not bring。

15.地图中第一题需要明确出发点。本图中清晰给出You are here,即X处。题干词scarecrow是专有名词,在原文中无法替换。考生需要把握in the corner, beside的含义。答案为F。

16.本题需定位maze。考生需要把握ahead指“向前”,opposite指“对面”,且在向右分叉的side path路旁。综合以上三个线索,答案G即得出。

17.本题相对稍难。通过café定位,本题答案即将出现,考生却可能在习惯性思维下认为应该过桥。但原文中的表述为turn right just before it,即还没到桥就要转弯。side path是一项重要提示,考生依然有机会进行重新定位。the first bend指“第一个转弯处”。答案为D。

18.本题用Black Barn可以顺利定位。考生可能由于上一题已经选择D而误认为出发点在D。切记听清本题是否改变了出发点,或提及类似if you walk along the side path from the café等表达,否则出发点始终不变。按照原文的表述,进入New Barn旁的side path,第一个转弯处H即为答案。

19.考生有可能被near the farmyard误导,需要对所有的方位表述有所警觉。文中表述after you cross the bridge...on the right,方位词right为解题关键。

20.本题定位直接,但非常容易漏看A选项。to the left of the farmyard中的left为本题解题关键。

Section 3

场景介绍

两名学生Lisa和Greg为确定学期研究课题而展开讨论。两人从Akira Miyake和他的团队所做的“性别差异在物理学中的影响”研究中得到启发,认为其中有许多可以借鉴的方面,例如:参与者的背景、实验步骤和方法,并从中发现了潜在问题。两人确定了课题和研究方案,待与导师进行协商获得改进意见。

本节必背词汇

physics n. 物理学

psychologist n. 心理学家

physicist n. 物理学家

combination n. 组合;联合

confused adj. 困惑的,迷惑的

discipline n. 学科;纪律

engineering n. 工程学

underrepresented adj. 被忽视的

introductory adj. 引导的;介绍的

enrol on (报到)注册

relatively adv. 相对地,比较地

assumption n. 假设;预想

affirmation n. 肯定,确认;证实

underperform v. 表现不佳

beforehand adv. 提前,预先

fulfill v. 满足;完成

expectation n. 期待,期望

factual adj. 事实的,有依据的

supervisor n. 指导者;上级

original adj. 原始的;初始的

assess v. 评估,检验

timetable n. 课程表;时间表

词汇拓展

abbreviation n. 缩写

analysis n. 分析

capacity n. 能力;容量

catalogue n. 目录

critical adj. 批判式的

deadline n. 最后期限

demanding adj. 有难度的

dissertation n. 论文

draft v. 起草;打草稿 n. 草稿

handwriting n. 书写

methodology n. 方法学;方法论

note-taking n. 做笔记

observation n. 观察

paperclip n. 曲别针,纸夹

paperwork n. 报告

peer group 共同兴趣小组

plagiarism n. 抄袭

professor n. 教授

proficiency n. 熟练

recommendation n. 推荐;建议

reference n. 参考文献;推荐信

respondent n. 受访者

statistics n. 统计;数据

tutorial n. 个别辅导

insight n. 洞察力;洞悉

weakness n. 短处,弱点

文本及疑难解析

1.That's correct. So as I understood it, Miyake and co started from the fact that women are underrepresented in introductory physics courses at college, and also that on average, the women who do enrol on these courses perform more poorly than the men. 对。我也是这么理解的。Miyake和他的团队的出发点是大学里的基础物理课程中女生数量很少这个事实,而且平均来讲,注册这些课程的女学生比男学生成绩表现要差。Miyake and co中的co指代其团队。

2.Values-affirmation—they had to write an essay focusing on things that were significant to them, not particularly to do with the subject they were studying, but more general things like music, or people who mattered to them. “价值肯定”——他们必须写一篇关于对他们来说重要的事情的文章,不一定是他们所学的专业领域,也可以是关于音乐或者对他们有意义的人之类的泛泛的话题。

3.And putting these thoughts into words can relax them and help them overcome the psychological factors that lead to poor performance. Yeah. But what the researchers in the study hadn't expected was that this one activity raised the women's physics grades from the C to the B range. 把这些想法形成文字可以使她们放松,帮助她们克服导致表现不佳的心理因素。但研究者没有想到的是这一活动把女性的物理成绩从C提高到了B。

4.Or even, half do the same writing task as in the original research and half do a factual writing task. 或者甚至一半人还是写和原始研究里一样的文章,另一半写说明性的。此处original research指Miyake and co在调研中要求参与者写的感情抒发类文章,而另一半人将内容和文体做了一些改变,看对调研结果会有什么不同影响。

5.What worries me anyway is how we're going to get everything done in the time. 最让我忧心的是我们怎么能够在规定时间内把所有事情做完。注意此处in the time特指“为了完成调研而被限定的时间”,而不是in time“及时”。

题目解析

本节完全由单选题组成。单选题相对较难。

21.题干出现人名专有名词Miyake,且题干词major原文重现。答案为直叙,但之后又提及they were all doing physics courses as part of their studies,比较有迷惑性。本句指他们的课程中都有physics这一门课,并非都是physics专业。

22.题干词investigate与原文find out同义替换。答案出现之前学生Lisa用较大篇幅介绍Miyake研究项目的出发点是什么,本题需要定位研究的目标是什么。考生需要理解what they could do about the relatively low level of the women's results中的what they could do指的是“用何种方式”。

23.本题较难。答案出现在可定位信息wrong之前,考生需要较好的记忆能力并理解the men expected them to get poor results in their tests指男生期待她们在考试中取得差成绩。后文中but actually为出现答案的重要提示。

24.题干词write原文重现,可直接定位。选项中的important与原文中的significant为同义替换。本题难度低。

25.本题没有任何题干词可以进行定位,需要完整理解题干在问writing的主要目的是什么。原文中提及两条原因:1) think in a positive way; 2) relax and help them overcome psychological factors... 其中第二条原因与reduce stress匹配,选项B、C均未提及。

26.题干词surprise原文替换为hadn't expected,仅有B选项涉及提分。

27.题干词affect原文重现,但答案出现在定位词之前。考生另外需要对答案信息进行概括理解才能选出正确选项。had they been told why they were doing the writing?意指他们并不知道为什么要写,因此可能会影响到研究结果。

28.考生需要把握题干词compare才能理解本题涉及比较两样不同的东西。原文提及的half...half...为重要提示。

29.题干出现人名专有名词Smolinsky,较易定位。but actually为定位答案的重要提示,原文中的same results whether they were working in teams or on their own表示no effect。

30.题干词do next原文重现。原文提及timetable for the science classes未表述完时又提及另一件事see one of the science professors,并称That'd be better,且得到另一人的肯定:Great。observe classes也被提及,但另一人反问what for后,Greg放弃了这一想法。故答案为A。

Section 4

场景介绍

一段关于海洋生态多样性的独白。20多年前,生物学家提出关于海洋生物多样化热点区域这一想法,即在某些特定区域内,海洋生物种类异常多样。这些区域内的大量物种中,有一部分具有一些生活习性或所需补给的相同特点,而另一些部分又不太相同。人们逐渐更加关注这一研究领域,并开始探讨其生态保护措施。

本节必背词汇

biodiversity n. 生物多样性

biologist n. 生物学家

hotspot n. 热点;热区

conservation n. 保护;保存

distribution n. 分布;分配

predator n. 捕猎者,猎食者

concentration n. 集中;浓缩

oxygen n. 氧气

metabolic adj. 新陈代谢的;变化的

marine adj. 海洋的

mammal n. 哺乳动物

seal n. 海豹

boundary n. 界限,边界

ocean current 洋流,海流

plankton n. 浮游生物

endanger v. 使…处于危险(灭绝)

census n. 调查;人口普查

stun v. 使震惊

layer n. 层

octopus n. 章鱼

congregate v. 聚集;集合

volcano n. 火山

nutrient n. 营养物质

geographical adj. 地理的

mobile adj. 移动的,不定的

ultimately adv. 最终,最后

figure out 计算出,弄清

threaten v. 威胁;恐吓

retain v. 保持

reserve n. 自然保护区

preserve v. 保护;保存

migration n. 迁徙;移民

quota n. 配额,指标

overfishing n. 过度捕捞

by-catch n. 拖网副渔获

commercial adj. 商业的

selective adj. 选择性的

consumption n. 消费;消耗

词汇拓展

archaeological adj. 考古的;考古学的

coast n. 海岸线

contemporary adj. 当今的,当代的

ecology n. 生态学

ecosystem n. 生态系统

existence n. 存在;生存

expansion n. 扩大,扩张

field observation 实地观察

fieldwork n. 野外实地调查

footprint n. 足迹

fragile adj. 易碎的,脆弱的

gene n. 基因

hibernation n. 冬眠;过冬

humid climate 湿润气候

identifiable adj. 可辨认的

intact adj. 完整的

marine climate 海洋气候

mystery n. 神秘;谜团

participation n. 参与

reproduction n. 繁殖

scholar n. 学者

survival adj. 生存的;幸存的

文本及疑难解析

1.These hotspots are significant because they allow us to locate key areas for focusing efforts at conservation. 这些热点区域非常重要,因为它们使我们可以定位重要的区域,以便集中进行保护工作。

2.Biologists can identify hotspots on land, fairly easily, but until recently, very little was known about species distribution and diversity in the oceans, and no one even knew if hotspots existed there. 生物学家在陆地上可以相当轻松地定位热点区域,但直到最近,我们对海洋生物的种类分布和多样性依然知之甚少,甚至没有人知道是否有热点区域的存在。

3.The main thing he'd expected to find was that they had very high concentrations of food, but to his surprise that was only true for four of the hotspots... 他期待发现的最主要的事情是(这些区域)食物量集中,但让他惊讶的是只有其中的四个热点区域是这样的……

4.But what he did find was that in all cases, the water at the surface of the ocean had relatively high temperatures, even when it was cool at greater depths, so this seemed to be a factor in supporting a diverse range of these large predators. 但是他确实发现所有热点区域的海洋表层温度都相对较高,即便在(海洋)深处非常冷。因此这可能是导致这里的猎食者种类众多的一个因素。

5.However, this wasn't enough on its own, because he also found that the water needed to have enough oxygen in it—so these two factors seemed necessary to support the high metabolic rate of these large fish. 然而,这一个原因不足以说明问题,因为他还发现水中需要有足够的氧气——这两个因素支撑着这些大型鱼类的高代谢率。

6.And she found three places in the oceans which were hotspots, and what these had in common was that these hotspots were all located at boundaries between ocean currents, and this seems to be the sort of place that has lots of the plankton that some of these species feed on. 她找到了海洋中的三个热点区域,它们的共同之处就是三者都在洋流的边缘地带,而且这些地方可能有大量的浮游生物,一些物种(哺乳动物)以此为食。some of these species指代前文中的marine mammals。

7.One thing they found there which stunned other researchers was that there were large numbers of species which live below the ice—sometimes under a layer up to 20 metres thick. 他们发现的另一个震惊了其他研究者的事情是大量物种生存在冰层之下,有些在厚达20米的冰层之下。

8.So a body called the Global Marine Species Assessment is now creating a list of endangered species on land, so they consider things like the size of the population—how many members of one species there are in a particular place—and then they look at their distribution in geographical terms, although this is quite difficult when you're looking at fish, because they're so mobile, and then thirdly they calculate the rate at which the decline of the species is happening. 因此一个名为“全球海洋物种研究”的组织现在正在制作一份陆地濒危物种列表。他们考虑的因素是种群数量——一类物种在某一特定地区的总数——再从地理的角度考察分布状况,然而这对于鱼类研究而言非常困难,因为它们的移动性太强,第三他们测量这类物种减少的速度。

9.Firstly, we need to set up more reserves in our oceans, places where marine species are protected. 首先,我们需要在海洋中建立更多能够保护海洋生物的保护区。

10.And finally, there's the problem of 'by-catch'. This refers to the catching of unwanted fish by fishing boats—they're returned to the sea, but they're often dead or dying. If these commercial fishing boats used equipment which was more selective, so that only the fish wanted for consumption were caught, this problem could be overcome. 最后还有连带捕捞的问题。连带捕捞指的是渔船捕捞到原本并不想要的鱼类,这些鱼被送回海里,但多数都已死亡或濒死。如果商业捕捞船能够更有选择性地使用捕鱼工具,只捕捞有消费需要的鱼类,这个问题就可以被解决。

题目解析

本节为典型的学术报告填空题(连续填空,以句子或笔记形式呈现)。整体难度适中。

31.通过题干词locate定位。题干空格前的targets与原文中的key areas同义替换,而后出现答案conservation。

32.副标题Boris Worm, 2005以及sharks帮助定位。题干中的were not always rich in与原文high concentration of food...but...was only true for four of the hotspots所表达的含义一致。

33.题干词high temperatures原文重现。可预测需要填名词。原文中的表述是water at the surface of the ocean,其中surface是唯一符合含义的名词。

34.题干词sufficient在原文中的同义替换为enough,随后出现答案oxygen。

35.副标题Lisa Bllance, 2007以及marine帮助定位。需要寻找与marine一词搭配的名词并构成完整的名词短语。答案为直叙。

36.副标题Census of Marine Life帮助定位。通过题干可预测需要定位名词,表示“在…之下”。答案为直叙。under替换为below,随后出现答案ice。

37.副标题及并列分论点population size, geographic distribution均可帮助定位。通过题干可预测需要定位名词,表示“…率”。答案为直叙,rate of decline。

38.本题通过数字20,000较易定位。可预测需要填名词,表示“分布…”。a map showing its distribution符合含义。

39.副标题及并列分论点ocean reserves可帮助定位。已知信息establish在原文中的同义替换为create,较易定位。corridors for migration与题干______ corridors极易匹配。

40.题干词fish only原文重现。可判断需要填名词。原文中的wanted for consumption与题干for the purpose of ______含义相符。 sDyfJH9+tFblJ4sWBL3fHbswAIIQbSuEU3Q9ck67LSzXyfqZssXVz9xGo6MwZOLL

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