【 摘要 】新中国成立以来，我国经济建设过程中曾经提出过两次针对国民经济恢复和发展的“八字方针”。本文回顾了两次“八字方针”经济调整政策产生的背景、采取的措施和成效，分析了两次经济调整背景和措施的异同，阐述了两次经济调整的制度含义，并着重分析和探讨了两次经济调整“八字方针”的历史意义和理论内涵。我们发现，两次“八字方针”都是针对国民经济发展困境的应急经济调整政策，记录了我国经济建设坎坷的探索历程，是我国在探索国民经济建设挫折中成长和完善的经验和理论总结。对比新中国前三十年与后三十年的发展模式与历程，我们不难发现，两次“八字方针”的调整、整顿、改革指导思想与改革开放的经济建设思想紧密相连，并推动了改革开放的深入和全面进行。在全球化经济发展的今天，两次“八字方针”对于我们保持清醒的头脑，把握经济发展的脉络，促进经济发展的稳定和增长，应对各种经济和金融危机，以及对于做好当前经济工作仍然具有深刻的指导和借鉴意义。

【 关键词 】“八字方针” 经济调整 体制改革

Abstract： The People’s Republic of China has experienced impressive economic development since its establishment in 1949.Over the past six decades（1949—2009）,the central government hadimplemented two“Eight Words Policy”to promote the recovery of economic development.In this paper,we briefly review the backgrounds,strategies and influences of the two“Eight Words Policy”,and compare their economic adjustment policies.Particularly,we investigate the historical significance and theoretical implications of the two polices.We find that the two “Eight Words Policy”have recorded the lessons and experiences of Chinese economic development,and are emergent adjustment policies for economic troubles.Comparing the economic development of the first 30 years with the latter 30 years,the principles of“adjustment,rectification and reform”stressed by the two“Eight Words Policy”are closely correlated with the reform and opening-up policy,and promoted the implementation of the following reform policies.They provide valuable suggestions on current Chinese economic development policies.

Key words： “eight words policy”,economic adjustment,institutional reform

“八字方针”是国家针对经济发展困境提出的调整政策。中国政府曾经提出过两次重要的经济调整“八字方针”，即在“大跃进”之后困难时期提出的“调整、巩固、充实、提高”的经济调整方针，以及“文化大革命”结束以后全面恢复和调整时期提出的“调整、改革、整顿、提高”的发展方针。 NMOhhbunwgeQrawC3DsuRCjGneGrxHVpLx0FdbPtpQgAixws2uPTUeV6yryIVgHU