【 摘要 】综合平衡是我国学者关于宏观经济发展目标的一种提法，最早代表综合平衡思想的“三平”理论是20世纪50年代中期开始提出的，是指在计划经济条件下，政府在安排经济发展计划时，必须保证财政收支平衡、信贷收支平衡和物资供求平衡。1985年，随着对外开放政策的推行，内外平衡问题被关注，对外收支平衡作为必要的补充也被纳入到宏观平衡分析之中，外汇收支平衡被认为是综合平衡的补充，“三平理论”由此更进一步发展成为“四平理论”。计划经济体制下，综合平衡既是保持国民经济正常运转的理论指导，也是制定实施各种计划的重要方针，在宏观决策中起到积极作用，也反映了经济活动的客观必然性。综合平衡思想的产生虽然根植于计划经济时代，但是其理论实质——追求宏观经济平衡发展却适用于任何类型的经济制度。

【 关键词 】综合平衡 财政收支平衡 信贷收支平衡 物资供求平衡 外汇收支平衡

Abstract： The“overall balance”is what Chinese scholars have proposed for achieving the goal of macroeconomic development.The“three-balance theory”,which is the first representative of the concept of“overall balance”,was developed in the mid-1950s.The theory refers to the fact that fiscal balance,credit balance and materials balance between supply and demand must be assured under the planned economy.With the implementation of China’s open-door policy to the outside world,the domestic and foreign balance was caused the attention and integrated into macro-balance as a necessary complement in 1985.The“three-balance theory”was therefore developed into the“four-balance theory”.Under the overall planned economy,the overall balance has not only provided theoretical guidance for the regular operations of the national economy but also become the important principle for implementing various plans.It has played an active role in macro decision making and reflected an objective necessity of economic activities.Although the birth of the overall balance is rooted in the planned economy,its theoretical nature,which aims at achieving balanced macroeconomic development,is suitable for any economic systems.

Key words： overall balance,fiscal balance,credit balance,balance of materials supply and demand,foreign exchange balance

综合平衡思想是指在计划经济条件下，政府在安排经济发展计划时，必须保证财政收支平衡、信贷收支平衡、物资供求平衡和对外收支平衡。 zAdVfSSFnQT5zURtD5Jy0RZgoHOXVT94TrGVKjLuXJGDhNvM7Kr4FQZhR/F02mni