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第二节 偶数和奇数

奇数(odd): 不能被2整除的整数。

偶数(even): 能被2整除的整数。

运算律: odd ±odd=evenodd ×odd=odd

odd ±even=odd

odd ×even=even

even ±even=even

even ×even=even

例: If a and b are positive odd integers, which of the following must be a positive odd integer?

(A) a+b

(B) a-b

(C) 2a+b

(D) 2a-b

(E)

分析: 由奇偶数的运算律排除A、B、E。根据运算律C、D的结果都为奇数,但是由于两数大小关系未知,故只有C能保证结果为正。应特别注意,当 a=b 时,a-b=0,而我们规定0也是偶数。

例: If x, y, z are integers, which of the following is NOT a possible value for 2x+4y+6z?

(A) 4

(B) 8

(C) 12

(D) 26

(E) 29

分析: 由奇偶数的运算律可知,无论x, y, z原来是何种奇偶性,它们和偶数的乘积一定还是偶数,而偶数与偶数的和也是偶数,故只有E的结果符合条件。

练习题

1. The sum of which of the following combinations of number will be odd?

(A) One even and two odd numbers

(B) Two even numbers

(C) Three even numbers

(D) Three odd numbers

(E) Four odd numbers

2. If x and y are integers and xy+x 2 is odd, which of the following statements must be true?

I. x is odd.

II. y is odd.

III. x+y is odd.

(A) I only

(B) III only

(C) I and II only

(D) Iand III only

(E) II and III only

3. If x is an even integer, how many even integers are there between x+3 and x+13, inclusive?

1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7

4. How many pairs of different numbers can be chosen from the list above so that the sum of the two numbers is even? (Note: The pair 1, 3 is the same as the pair 3, 1)

习题解答

1. D

2. D

分析: xy+x 2 =x (y+x),奇数和奇数相乘必为奇数,故选择D。

3. 5

分析:  “inclusive”此处的意思是“包含x+3, x+13”。由于even±even=even,故只要找出3和13之间的偶数4, 6, 8, 10, 12和x相加就行。

4. 9

分析: odd±odd=even,even±even=even,从1开始排起,和为偶数的数对有:

共有9对。 uxZr4mSBdxjXGzoecQ63OM7JeuDKIDPSzo0CrLXrJX1Ghajjbj+8Yew/X5DVWfNK

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