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中国是一个发展中国家。多年来，中国在致力于自身发展的同时，始终坚持向经济困难的其他发展中国家提供力所能及的援助，承担相应国际义务。
中国依然是一个人均水平不高、贫困人口众多的发展中国家。尽管如此，中国仍量力而行，尽力开展对外援助，帮助受援国增强自主发展能力，丰富和改善人民生活，促进经济发展和社会进步。中国的对外援助，发展巩固了与广大发展中国家的友好关系和经贸合作，推动了南南合作，为人类社会共同发展作出了积极贡献。
中国对外援助坚持平等互利，注重实效，与时俱进，不附带任何政治条件，形成了具有自身特色的模式。
中国的对外援助政策具有鲜明的时代特征，符合自身国情和受援国发展需要。国是世界上最大的发展中国家，人口多、底子薄、经济发展不平衡。发展仍然是中国长期面临的艰巨任务，这决定了中国的对外援助属于南南合作范畴，是发展中国家间的相互帮助。
中国对外援助政策坚持平等互利、共同发展、坚持与时俱进。
当前，全球发展环境依然十分严峻。国际金融危机影响尚未消退，气候变化、粮食危机、能源资源安全、流行性疾病等全球性问题给发展中国家带来新的挑战，新形势下，中国对外援助事业任重道远。中国政府将着力优化对外援助结构，提高对外援助质量，进一步增强受援国自主发展能力，提高援助的针对性和实效性。中国作为国际社会的重要成员，将一如既往地推进南南合作，在经济不断发展的基础上逐步加大对外援助投入，与世界各国一道，推动实现联合国千年发展目标，为建设持久和平、共同繁荣的和谐世界而不懈努力。
参考译文
China is a developing country. Over the years, while focusing on its own development, China has been providing aid to the best of its ability to other developing countries with economic difficulties, and fulfilling its due international obligations.
China remains a developing country with a low per-capita income and a large poverty-stricken population. In spite of this, China has been doing its best to provide foreign aid, to help recipient countries to strengthen their self-development capacity, enrich and improve their peoples' livelihood, and promote their economic growth and social progress. Through foreign aid, China has consolidated friendly relations and economic and trade cooperation with other developing countries, promoted South-South cooperation and contributed to the common development of mankind.
Adhering to equality and mutual benefit, stressing substantial results, and keeping pace with the times without imposing any political conditions on recipient countries, China's foreign aid has emerged as a model with its own characteristics.
China's foreign aid policy has distinct characteristics of the times. It is suited both to China's actual conditions and the needs of the recipient countries. China has been constantly enriching, improving and developing the Eight Principles for Economic Aid and Technical Assistance to Other Countries - the guiding principles of China's foreign aid put forward in the 1960s. China is the world's largest developing country, with a large population, a poor foundation and uneven economic development. As development remains an arduous and long-standing task, China's foreign aid falls into the category of South-South cooperation and is mutual help between developing countries.
China's foreign aid policy adheres to equality, mutual benefit and common development, and keeps pace with the times.
Currently, the environment for global development is not favor-able. With the repercussions of the international financial crisis continuing to linger, global concerns such as climate change, food crisis, energy and resource security, and epidemic of diseases have brought new challenges to developing countries. Against this background, China has a long way to go in providing foreign aid. The Chinese government will make efforts to optimize the country's foreign aid structure, improve the quality of foreign aid, further increase recipient countries' capacity in independent development, and improve the pertinence and effectiveness of foreign aid. As an important member of the international community, China will continue to promote South-South cooperation, as it always has done, gradually increase its foreign aid input on the basis of the continuous development of its economy, promote the realization of the UN Millennium Development Goals, and make unremitting efforts to build, together with other countries, a prosperous and harmonious world with lasting peace.
作为远古人类留给我们的宝贵的文化遗产，岩画堪称是记载人类早期社会生活的百科全书，它不仅传承着源远流长的古代文明，也是史前人类文化、宗教、民俗以及原始艺术史的见证。
在世界上，中国岩画是诞生最早、分布最广、内容最丰富的国家之一，而贺兰山又是华夏土地上遗存最集中、题材最广泛、保存最完好的岩画地区之一。在贺兰山腹地，共发现20余处遗存岩画，其中最具代表性的是贺兰山贺兰口岩画。
贺兰山岩画在山口内外分布着近6000幅岩画，其中罕为人见的人面像岩画就有70幅之多。据考证，贺兰山口岩画是不同时期先后刻制的，大多为北方游牧民族创作.岩画造型粗犷稚拙、构图朴实自然，牛、马、驴、鹿、鸟、虎等动物栩栩如生，各种人头的造型同样是千奇百态。凭着自己对社会现实的理解与感悟，对美好生活的追求与向往，把自己的亲身感受与体验，忠实地记录在岩石之上，同时也为后人留下了神秘瑰丽的贺兰山岩画。
有学者说贺兰口是史前人类凭借自然魅力打造的祭祀圣地，又有专家认为，贺兰口岩画是象形文字前的图画文字，在文字没有发明前，这里的人们艰难地把他们的理想、愿望、欢乐、悲伤，通过岩画的形式表现出来。于是，在亘古不变的贺兰山上，写就了一部史前人类的“天书”。
参考译文
As an invaluable cultural legacy left over from ancient times, rock paintings can be collectively billed as an encyclopedia that documents how humankind ever lived in early days of human society. These time-honored paintings are convenient carriers of ancient civilizations and bear witness to pre-historic cultures, religions, folkways and primitive arts.
China is home to some of the earliest rock paintings of humankind, with its rock painting collection being one of the extensive in geographical distribution and the richest in subject matter worldwide. Helan Mountain is blessed with one of the largest concentrations of rock paintings in China. Rock paintings here are some of the best preserved in China covering the most extensive subject matters. Of 20-odd rock painting heritage sites discovered here so far, the most representative are Helankou paintings.
Of nearly 6,000 rock paintings distributed inside and outside of Helanshankou or the Helan Mountain pass, up to 70 are rare paintings of human faces. Archeological findings suggest that Helankou paintings were carved at different periods of time and that most of them were creations of nomadic tribes in north China. These rock paintings are plain and simple in shape and style, featuring images like of cows, horses, donkeys, deer, birds and tigers and diversified shapes of human heads. Ancient rock painters literally recorded in their works their perceptions of social realities and aspirations for a better life as well as their hands-on experience. This artistic documentation has translated into mysterious, magnificent rock painting legacy as we see today.
Some scholars argue that Helankou represents a pre-historic, naturally crafted shrine, while some others contend that Helankou rock paintings stand for pictograph which preceded hieroglyph. With the absence of written language back then, they say, local people resorted to these pictographic signs as a way of expressing their ideals, wishes, happiness and sadness. Therefore, their painstaking efforts have resulted in an impressive pre-historic "book from heaven" carved on the eternally immutable Helan Mountain.
和平稳定是发展的前提和基础。上个世纪，人类经历了两次世界大战，生灵涂炭，经济社会发展遭受严重挫折。第二次世界大战结束以来，世界经济能够快速增长，主要得益于相对和平稳定的国际环境。
我们应该恪守联合国宪章宗旨和原则，充分发挥联合国及其安理会在维护和平、缔造和平、建设和平方面的核心作用。坚持通过对话和协商，以和平方式解决国际争端。
我们应该坚持国家不论大小、强弱、贫富都是国际社会平等一员，以民主、包容、合作、共赢的精神实现共同安全，做到一国内部的事情一国自主办、大家共同的事情大家商量办，坚定不移奉行多边主义和国际合作，推进国际关系民主化。
我们应该营造支持各国根据本国国情实现和平、稳定、繁荣的国际环境。应该本着求同存异的原则，尊重各国主权和选择发展道路和发展模式的权利，尊重文明多样性，在交流互鉴、取长补短中相得益彰、共同进步。
参考译文
Peace and stability form the prerequisite and foundation for development. The two world wars in the last century caused mankind untold sufferings and world economic and social development severe setbacks. It is mainly due to the relatively peaceful and stable international environment that the world economy has been able to grow at a fast pace in the post-war era. The World Bank statistics show that none of the countries persistently under violent conflict has achieved the UN Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). To maintain world peace and stability so that the people can live a happy and prosperous life is the primary responsibility for governments and leaders of all countries.
We should abide by the purposes and principles of the UN Charter and bring into full play the central role of the United Nations and its Security Council in peace keeping, peace making and peace building. We should seek peaceful settlement of international disputes through dialogue and consultation.
All countries, big or small, strong or weak, rich or poor, are equal members of the international community. We should work for common security in a spirit of democracy, inclusiveness, cooperation and win-win progress. Internal affairs of a country should be handled independently by the country itself and international affairs should be managed collectively through consultation by all. We should be committed to multilateralism and international cooperation, and promote democracy in international relations.
We should foster an international environment that supports efforts of countries to achieve peace, stability and prosperity in the light of their national circumstances. We should respect the sovereignty of all countries and their right to choose their development paths and models in keeping with the principle of seeking common ground while shelving differences. And we should respect the diversity of civilizations and pursue common progress through mutual learning and drawing on each other's strength.
1882年中国第一盏电灯在上海点亮，这使得中国逐渐告别了油灯和蜡烛照明的历史，当时使用的电灯就是白炽灯，这一用就是130年，中国也成为白炽灯的生产和消费大国。
早在1996年，中国就启动实施了“绿色照明工程”，中国绿色照明工程的实施，推动了照明电器行业结构的优化升级和产品质量的整体提升，经过多年努力，中国节能灯产品质量水平日益提高，一些企业产品质量和工艺水平已达到世界领先水平。高效照明产品及技术的日益成熟为逐步淘汰白炽灯提供了重要保障。
中国节能灯的全球市场占有率由1996年的20%提高到2010年的85%。
参考译文
In 1882, China's first-ever electric light made its debut in Shanghai, ushering in a new era when kerosene lamps and illuminating candles as light sources were consigned to history. Back then, the electric light source available in China was the incandescent lamp, a device that has been dominant China's illumination field for 130 years. As such, China has emerged as a leading producer and consumer of the incandescent lamp in the world.
China initiated the program of "Green Lighting" as early as in 1996. The eco-sensitive endeavor has served to upgrade the structure of China's lighting industry and elevate the overall quality of lighting products. Thanks to years of strong commitments, energy-efficient lamps made in China have moved up the value chain in both quality and workmanship, with some ranking among the best in the world. The ever-improving products and technologies for energy-efficient lighting have enabled China to phase out energy-intensive incandescent lamps in the country.
In 2010, China accounted for 85% of global supply of energy-saving lamps, a surge from 20% in 1996.
尽管中国在禁烟和控烟方面做了大量的工作，但中国控烟形势依然严峻。中国的烟草和烟制品的生产和消费占世界第一。一些地方政府部门对控烟持消极态度，因为烟草和烟制品可以创造大量的税收和财政收入，带来GDP的增长。控烟难还来自于烟民的错误认识。许多烟民认为，吸烟可以消除疲劳、解除烦闷、振奋精神、刺激情绪；吸烟可以防止虫叮蚊咬，以毒攻毒消除某些病害；吸烟可以社交联谊、广交朋友、潇洒浪漫；吸烟可以帮助大脑启发思考、写作带来灵气等。
中国的控烟禁烟工作开展的比较晚，但通过立法来实施公共场所无烟化已是大势所趋，并得到社会和公众的共识。目前，一些少数省市从行政法规的角度提出控烟和禁烟的规定。但国家尚无一部在一定范围内实行控烟、禁烟的法律。据了解，国家已在做这方面的准备工作，我们相信到2011年国家承诺到期时间会有相应的法律出台，推动中国禁烟工作深入开展。
中国政府承诺到2011年实现室内工作场所，公共交通工具和室内公共场所全面禁烟，然而中国仍面临着严峻的考验。
参考译文
Considerable work as China has done in its campaign to control smoking and use of tobacco, the situation of smoking control still remains grim. The production of Chinese tobacco and tobacco products occupies the first in the world. Some local government departments are negative towards smoking control because tobacco and tobacco products can create large amounts of taxation and finance income, and increase GDP. Also, the wrong opinion of smokers adds to the difficulty of smoking control. Many smokers believe that smoking can help eliminate one's fatigue, relieve one's boredom, heighten one's spirit and stimulate one's mood. They think that smoking can be used to prevent mosquito biting and through the method of "like cures like", to eliminate some diseases. Moreover, smoking can help socialize oneself with others, extend one's circle of friends. Also, smoking can help inspire us to think and write.
Smoking control is operated relatively late in China, but to implement smoke-free in public places through legislation is the trend which has gained the community and the public consensus. At present, although a few provinces have make administrative regulations to control and ban smoking, the state does not have any laws to control and ban smoking. It is said that the state is doing some preparation work. We believe that before the due time in 2011 that our country has promised, a related law will be issued to promote the work of banning smoking.
Chinese government promises to ban smoking in indoor work places, public transport vehicles and indoor public places before 2011. However, it is still a great challenge to China.
中国的国民储蓄约占GDP的55%，其中19%为家庭储蓄，11%为政府储蓄，25%为企业储蓄。高储蓄为促进国内投资的快速增长提供了充足的资金，而高投资反过来又促进了经济的快速增长。在一个高储蓄的环境中，任何通胀压力都不可能持续很久。因为高储蓄率造成充裕的资金供应，从而使通过投资产生的供给面反应变得极为迅速。
高储蓄率主要是中国的计划生育政策下的人口结构、经济快速增长背景下家庭消费习惯改变缓慢等长期因素作用的结果。尽管家庭收入随着整体经济增长而迅速增加，但个人消费习惯可能需要好几年甚至好几十年才能改变。这是为什么“文化因素”常常被认为是高储蓄率的原因。在“过度储蓄优点”的影响下，中国已经并可能继续保持高增长、低通胀，而且只要继续保持高储蓄率，就足以抵御来自外部的冲击。
参考译文
National savings in China roughly occupy 55% of GDP, of which 19% is household savings, 11% for government savings and 25% for business savings. The high rate of savings provides sufficient funds for the rapid growth of domestic investment and the high investment in turn greatly facilitates the fast growth of economy. In an environment of high rate of savings, any inflationary pressures are not likely to last long, because high rate of savings create ample supply of funds so that the response of supply side produced by investing becomes extremely rapidly.
The high rate of savings can be chiefly attributed to the long-term factors that the population structure is formed under China's one-child policy and household consumption habits change very slowly under the circumstances of the rapid economic growth. Although the family income has quickly increased with the overall economic growth, it may take years or even decades before the personal consumption habits will change. That is why "culture factor" is always regarded as the reason of high rate of savings. Under the effects of the "excess savings advantages", China has and will continue to maintain a situation of high growth and low inflation. And so long as China continues to maintain a high rate of savings, it will be able to withstand external impact.
60年来特别是改革开放30年来，中国取得了举世瞩目的发展成就，经济实力和综合国力显著增强，各项社会事业全面进步，人民生活从温饱不足发展到总体小康，中国社会迸发出前所未有的活力和创造力。
同时，我们清醒地认识到，中国仍然是世界上最大的发展中国家，中国在发展进程中遇到的矛盾和问题无论规模还是复杂性都是世所罕见。要全面建成惠及十几亿人口的更高水平的小康社会，进而基本实现现代化、实现全体人民共同富裕，还有很长的路要走。
我们将继续从本国国情出发，坚持中国特色社会主义道路，坚持改革开放，推动科学发展，促进社会和谐，全面推进经济建设、政治建设、文化建设、社会建设以及生态文明建设，全力做到发展为了人民、发展依靠人民、发展成果由人民共享。
参考译文
China has achieved remarkable progress in those 60 years, particularly in the last 30 years since reform and opening-up. China's economy and comprehensive national strength have grown significantly and various social programs have made big strides. The Chinese people, once lacking basic living necessities, are now leading a moderately prosperous life, and the whole society is showing unprecedented dynamism and creativity.
We are keenly aware, however, that China remains the world's largest developing country. The difficulties and problems that we face in development are rarely seen in any other part of the world in terms of their scale and complexity. We still have a long way to go before we can build, in a comprehensive way, a moderately prosperous society of a higher level that will benefit the more than one billion Chinese people, and then achieve basic modernization and bring common prosperity to all our people.
We will, in the light of our national conditions, continue to follow the path of socialism with Chinese characteristics, persist in reform and opening-up, promote scientific development and social harmony, and achieve all-round progress in the economic, political, cultural, social and environmental fields. We will ensure that our development is for the people and by the people and the fruits of development are shared among the people.
非物质文化遗产是民族文化的精华、民族智慧的结晶。我国有56个民族，各民族在长期的历史发展进程中创造了丰富多彩的非物质文化遗产。
改革开放以来，由于工业化和城市化的加速，人们的生产生活方式发生了重大变化，也使非物质文化遗产赖以生存的环境不同程度地遭到破坏。
作为一种鲜活的文化，非物质文化遗产是民众生活的重要组成部分，在当代仍然散发着独特的光彩和魅力，仍然是传承文化、推动社会发展的不竭动力，是文化创新的基础和源泉。
因此，抢救和保护那些处于濒危和生存困境中的非物质文化遗产，已成为时代赋予我们的非常紧迫的历史任务。
文化生态保护区是以保护非物质文化遗产为核心、对历史积淀丰厚、存续状态良好、具有鲜明地域文化特色和价值的文化形态进行整体性保护，以促进经济社会全面协调可持续发展而划定的特定区域。
参考译文
Intangible cultural heritage is the essence of national culture, the crystallization of national wisdom. There are 56 nationalities in China. Each ethnic group has created rich and colorful intangible cultural heritage in China's long historical development process.
Since the reform and opening-up, with the acceleration of industrialization and urbanization, people's production and living ways have made a significant change. It also brings different degrees of damages to the environment in which the intangible cultural heritage exists.
As a fresh and living culture, intangible cultural heritage is an important part of public life. In contemporary world it still sends out the unique splendor and charm. It still is an inexhaustible motive for inheriting culture and promoting social development, the foundation and source of cultural innovation.
Therefore, rescuing and protecting the intangible cultural heritages endangered and living in dilemma has become a very urgent historical task times endows us.
Cultural ecological reserve takes the protection of the intangible cultural heritage as the core. It is a particular designated area that comprehensively protects cultural forms rich in history, surviving in good condition and those possessing distinct regional cultural characteristics and value to promote the comprehensive, coordinated and sustainable economic and social development.
1972年，联合国教科文组织向全世界发出了“走向阅读社会”的号召，要求社会成员人人读书，使读书成为每个人日常生活不可或缺的一部分。
然而，中国出版科学研究所于2008年公布的第五次国民阅读调查结果显示，中国户均年消费图书仅1.75本。传统图书阅读率呈持续走低态势，阅读率为34.7%，比2005年降低了14%。至于不读书的原因，49.4%的人归结为“没有时间”，42.8%的人说“没有习惯”。
温家宝总理说：“书籍是人类智慧的结晶。读书决定一个人的修养和境界，关系一个民族的素质和力量，影响一个国家的前途和命运。一个不读书的人、不读书的民族，是没有希望的。”
参考译文
In 1972, the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization（UNESCO）issued the scheme to the world "Walk towards a reading society", Which requires every social member reading and makes reading an indispensible part of everyone ‗s daily life.
However, according the fifth national reading survey released in 2008 by China's publishing science institute, each household reads 1.75 books yearly in China. The traditional book reading rate is walking down. The reading rate was 34.7%, 14% lower than that in 2005. As for the reason of not reading, 49.4% of people came down to "having no time" and 42.8% said "they didn't have the habit". Prime minister wen jiabao said: "Books are crystallization of human wisdom. Reading determines a person's accomplishment and state, regards to the quality and the strength of a nation and impacts a country's future and destiny." there is no hope for a person who does not read and a nation that does not read."
产品质量和食品安全问题密切关系人民生活、产品信誉和一个国家的形象。
尽管在出口不合格食品方面，中国并不是问题最严重的国家，但近年来，在出口产品的质量和安全方面，受到世界越来越多的关注。
为改进食品安全和提高产品质量，中国决定建立一个严格的产品加工、包装、运输和销售过程的有效监督机制，并加快建立一个与国际标准接轨的国家标准体系。
同时，中国在此方面加强了国际合作，并在产品质量问题方面提高了执法力度。
这部法律将为系统有序地解决当前食品安全问题提供法律制度保障，开启中国食品安全监管的一个新阶段。
参考译文
The issue of product quality and food safety is closely linked with people's livelihood, the trustworthiness of products and the image of a nation.
Although China is not the country with the worst record for exporting substandard food, it has been attracting growing global concern over the quality and safety of its export products in recent years.
To improve its food safety and product quality, China has decided to establish rigorous and effective supervision mechanisms to oversee the processing, packaging, delivery and marketing of products and accelerate the establishment of a national system of standards compatible with international levels.
The Chinese government has been issuing periodic reports on product information and recalling inferior products in a timely manner. It has also strengthened international cooperation in this field and tightened law enforcement concerning product quality.
The law will provide a legal guarantee for systematic and orderly solutions to the country's current problems related to food safety and usher in a new stage of China's food safety supervision.
中国将构建一个以生态建设为基础，以生态安全为保障，以生态文明为最终目的的生态社会。建设生态社会是一个符合科学发展观的人文理想。
生态文明的核心是建立人与人之间，人与自然之间和人与社会之间的和谐关系，实现协调发展。
为了发展生态文化和生态文明，中国将依据其环保目标，努力改变当前的经济发展模式，进一步完善和贯彻各项生态环境保护政策和法规。
参考译文
China plans to build an eco-friendly society, with ecological improvement as the foundation, ecological security the guarantee and an ecologically minded civilization the ultimate goal. Building an eco-friendly society is a humanist concept compatible with the Scientific Outlook on Development.
The key to an ecologically minded civilization is to build harmonious relationships among individuals, between man and nature and between people and society and achieve coordinated development.
In order to develop an ecologically oriented culture and civilization, China will strive to change its current pattern of economic development in line with its environment protection objectives and further improve and implement its ecological protection policies and statutes.
“中国制造”模式遭遇发展瓶颈，这种模式必须要改进和提高。一些外国人认为，“中国制造”大约就是质量低下的代名词。不可否认，少数产品的确存在质量问题，让大多数价廉质优的产品代其受罪。
质量是产品的生命线。随着外国市场的夸大，中国企业也意识到质量的重要性。因此一场旨在提高质量，提供优良服务的运动正在兴起。
在传统的制造业中，中国企业通过技术创新和质量管理，为国际市场提供高质量的产品。在新兴的信息产业，中国企业以高科技为师，增强和外国企业的交流与合作，提高产品质量。
近几年来，中国政府通过立法和社会监督保证产品质量，创造全社会重视产品问题的环境。
参考译文
The existing mode for "Made in China" has hit a serious impediment to its advancement. Therefore, upgrading "Made in China" products should be an urgent task. In some foreigners' eyes," Made in China" is in some way a synonym for "poor quality". Undoubtedly, there are some Chinese goods that have quality problems, and it is these shoddy goods that adversely affect customers' perception of many inexpensive quality Chinese products.
Quality is the lifeblood of products. The continuous expansion of their overseas market has made Chinese enterprises realize the importance of quality, and a campaign aimed at raising the quality of products and providing customers with the best services is under way.
In traditional manufacturing areas, Chinese enterprises are striving to provide the world market with superior products through technological innovation and quality control. In the new IT sector, they have learned about advanced technology and expanded exchange and cooperation with foreign enterprises, enabling them to constantly raise the quality of their products.
In recent years, the Chinese government has tried to improve the quality of products made by domestic enterprises mainly by legislation and public supervision to ensure that all sectors of society pay great attention to product quality.
蓝藻是一种简单的水生植物，它可以在河湖、湿地、树干和温泉自然蔓延生长。当蓝藻细胞达到一定程度时，蓝藻的“密集孽生”会使水体变色、引起泡沫、散发臭气、影响贝类和鱼类的生存，还会使水质大幅度下降。
2007年夏天，富营养物和其他污染导致蓝藻在太湖、巢湖、滇池发生了蓝藻“密集孽生”现象，影响了城市供水及水生产品生长。
“密集孽生”最严重的是太湖东部。太湖是我国第三大淡水湖。这次“密集孽生”导致周边100多万居民供水问题长达10天之久。为了防止污染，当地环保部门关闭了770家化工厂。
2008年夏天，长期的温暖、干燥气候导致蓝藻在部分地区发生。9月，一艘可以快速、有效地清除蓝藻的船在江苏省投入使用。
参考译文
Blue-green algae is a simple aquatic plant that grows naturally in rivers, lakes, wetlands, tree trunks and hot springs. When the number of algae cells increases to a certain level, the bloom of the plant can discolor river and lake water, form scum, produce unpleasant odors, make shellfish and fish unable to survive and seriously lower the water quality.
In the summer of 2007, nutrient runoff and other pollutants caused blue-green algae to bloom in Taihu, Chaohu and Dianchi lakes, endangering water supplies for nearby cities and threatening aquatic life in these lakes.
Taihu, the country's third largest freshwater lake, swathe worst algae outbreak in its eastern part. This makes tap water undrinkable for more than 1 million local residents for about 10 days.
The local environmental protection authorities shut down 770 chemical plants around the lake to curb the pollution.
In the summer of 2008, due to a long spell of warm, dry weather, blue-green algae broke out again in some lakes. In September, a blue-green algae-clearing vessel was put into use in Jiangsu Province. It can effectively eliminate the plant in a short period of time.
中国已经提前进入老龄化社会。虽然养老问题是世界各国目前面临的共同问题，但对中国这样一个人口庞大，人均国内生产总值偏低的发展中国家来说，养老负担尤为繁重。
据统计，发达国家出现人口老化问题时，其人均国内生产总值已达到5000至1万美元。而中国1999年进入老龄化社会时，其人均国内生产总值还不到1000美元。目前，在中国，7-8个职工养一个老人。到2040年，这个比例将降至2比1。
如今，多数中国人仍恪守传统的孝道。许多老年人仍期望与子女共同生活，由晚辈照顾。这就加大了中国实行机构化养老的难度。但是，人口学家认为，职业养老机构养老是解决上世纪70年代末以来出生的独生子女一代的沉重养老负担的唯一出路。
目前，除政府投资外，越来越多的非官方资金正融入这个充满商机的巨大市场。
参考译文
China has become an aging society earlier than expected. Although supporting the elderly is a common problem faced by all countries worldwide, it is indeed a heavy burden to China, a developing country with a huge population and relatively low per-capita GDP.
According to statistics, population aging in developed countries occurred at a time when their per-capita GDP stood between US$5,000 and $10, 000, but China only registered less than $1,000 in per-capita GDP when it became an aging country in 1999. Currently, one elderly Chinese has the support of seven to eight employees. But by 2040, the ratio will have dropped to 1:2.
To date, most Chinese people still follow the tradition of filial piety. Many senior citizens still expect to live with their children and receive the latter's care. This has complicated the effort to institutionalize old-age in the country. Demographers, however, have noted that professionally institutionalized old-age care is the only way to remove the heavy burden of supporting the elderly from China's single-child generation born since the late 1970s.
At present, apart from government investment, more and more non-governmental capital is flowing into this huge market full of business opportunities.
在中国东北边疆的黑龙江省，有一片被称为“北大荒”的土地。经过60年代的开发，这片原始荒原已经成为中国重要的商品粮基地和粮食战略储备基地，对保障中国的粮食安全起着重要的作用。
如今，北大荒的耕地面积已接近233万公顷，几乎所有能用于耕作的荒芜土地都已被开垦。2006年，北大荒的粮食综合生产能力达到113.2亿公顷。当年他为国家提供商品粮100亿公斤，可解决7000万人一年的口粮。
北大荒主要生产水稻、大豆、小麦、玉米等农作物，所产的粮食全部都是无公害绿色食品。目前，北大荒的农业生产机械化程度已经达到百分之百。这里拥有世界最先进的农机设备。
在农作物种植方面，北大荒对生产全过程实行了标准化管理，最大化的提高了农作物的质量和单位面积产量。现在，北大荒的人均粮食年产量高大38万公斤。这一数字已超过许多发达国家。
参考译文
In northeast China's border province of Heilongjiang, there is a region known as Beidahuang (the Great Northern Wilderness). After 60 years of development, this once remote and desolate land has been transformed into a major commodity grain production base and strategic grain reserve in the country. It is playing an important role in ensuring China's food security.
At present, the cultivated land in Beidahuang approaches 2.33 million hectares, and almost all its cultivable wasteland has been reclaimed. In 2006, its grainproduction capacity reached 11.32 billion kg. In the same year, it offered the state 10 billion kg of commodity grain, which was sufficient to feed 70 million people for a year.
Beidahuang's major farm products are all green and pollution-free, including rice, soybean, wheat and corn. Today, with its agricultural production completely mechanized, Beidahuang boasts the most advanced farming machinery in the world.
In terms of crop cultivation, standardized management has been introduced in the whole process of production, which helps maximally raise the quality and per-unit yield of the crops. Now, Beidahuang's per-capita annual yield of grain is as high as 380,000 kg, a figure surpassing that of many developed countries.
许多年来，越来越多的农命工进城打工。但许多人因经济困难，无法写子女前往，只得将他们留在家乡。这些孩子被称做“留守儿童”。据统计，目前全国有1.5亿农命工进城打工，留守儿童已达2290万。
留守儿童现象已引起政府和公众的关注。过去几年里，各地建立了各类机构，帮助、照顾这些儿童。2007年，一个地方民营企业携手中央电视台在全国发起了一项慈善活动，旨在帮助这个弱势群体。确保这些儿童的利益对中国建设和谐社会具有重大意义。
这项慈善活动除了为留守儿童提供生活和教育补助费以外，每年还向其中的500人提供探亲旅费，使他们能在节假日于在城里打工的父母团聚。
目前，这项慈善活动已在全国展开。他为那些生活贫困，思念远方亲人的孩子们带来了希望。同时他又激励更多人去履行他们的社会义务。
参考译文
In recent years, more and more farmers have flocked to cities for employment. Many of them, without financial means, cannot bring their children along and have to leave them in their hometown. These kids are called left-behind children. Statistics show that China now has 150 million migrant workers from rural areas and that the number of left-behind children has reached 22.9 million.
The phenomenon of left-behind children has attracted the concern of both the government and the general public. Various institutions have been set up nationwide over the past years to help and take care of these children. Last year, a local private business joined hands with CCTV to launch a national charity program to extend help to this disadvantaged group. To ensure the wellbeing of these children is of great importance to china's effort to build a harmonious society.
The program, apart from providing living and educational subsidies for left-behind children, offers traveling expenses to 500 of them each year so that they can be united with their parents working in cities during festivals or vacations.
The program is being carried out throughout China, bringing hope to those children who live in poverty and miss their faraway parents. Meanwhile, it inspires more people to perform their social obligations.
从19世纪40年代之后的鸦片战争、甲午战争，至20世纪30年代的日本侵华战争，中国惨遭东西方列强的屠戮和极其野蛮的经济掠夺；再加上封建腐败和连年内乱，中国主权沦丧、生灵涂炭、国力衰弱、民不聊生。深重的灾难、惨痛的事实使中华民族深知和平之珍贵、发展之重要。这样的历史实践形成了中国人民渴望和平、企求安定的心理，坚定了中国人民走和平发展道路的信念。
1949年新中国成立后，我们在发展道路上艰辛探索，既经历过成功的喜悦，也经受过失败的挫折。从1978年开始，中国开启了新的征程，从计划转向市场，从封闭转向开放，从自成一体转向融入经济全球化，走独立自主地建设中国特色社会主义的道路，取得了举世瞩目的辉煌成就。实践充分证明，坚持走和平发展的道路是正确的，既符合中国国情，又顺应时代潮流。中国将沿着这条和平发展的道路，坚定不移地走下去。
参考译文
From the Opium War and the First Sino-Japanese War after the 1840s, China's War on Foreign Invaders to the Japanese War of Aggression against China in 1930s, China was subject to the butchering of the then strong powers in the West and East and their extremely barbarian economic depredation. This, coupled with feudal corruption and years of successive civil strife and chaos, led to the loss of China's sovereignty and the horrendous suffering of her people, her national strength failing and people barely surviving. The grave disasters and the harsh facts have ingrained deeply into the Chinese nation the value of peace and the importance of development. Such a historic experience has shaped the psychology of the Chinese people in our quest for peace and hope for stability, consolidating our belief in following a path to peaceful development.
After the founding of New China in 1949, we have made arduous explorations in the course of our development, going through both the joys of success and the frustrations of failure. Starting from 1978, China has embarked on a new journey of transforming from a planned to a market economy, from cloistered up to opening up, from exclusive self-sustaining to integration into globalization. By following a path of building socialism with Chinese characteristics in an independent and self-reliant manner, we have scored glorious achievements that attracted worldwide attention. Practice has amply demonstrated that it is right to adhere to a path of peaceful development, as it conforms to both China's reality and the trend of the times. China will unswervingly march onward alongside this path to peaceful development.
1968年我从北京来到陕西，惟一挂念的是在故乡身患绝症的老母亲。母亲的时日已经不多，身边再无亲人，离别成为我心中最沉重的痛。惟一能传递母亲信息的就是那枚小小的邮票。
母亲当时已经双目失明，信是让别人代写的，内容千篇一律的干枯，邮票却是母亲自己摸索着贴上去的，她贴了一叠信封，随用随取，为的是不给别人添麻烦。
每回接到母亲来信，我都要抚摸贴在信封右上角的邮票，那是母亲亲手贴上去的，它贴得规正却无画面感，很多时候是头朝下的，因为母亲根本看不见，她是凭感觉在贴。邮票残留着母亲的手印，承载着母亲的挂念，那上面有母亲的气息。凝视中，我常常泪眼模糊。
邮票是母亲的替代。我对邮票的认识源自于此。
参考译文
When I came from Beijing to Shanxi in 1968, the only person I worried about was my mom in hometown. She was blind and had nobody around, and was counting her days in the world. To part from her was the most anguishing thing to me, and the only way my mother could convey herself to me was through these tiny stamps.
As mom was blind, her letters were all written by others, with stereotyped contents. But the stamps were exclusively sticked by mum through effort-making feeling. She had stamped a pile of envelopes in preparation for use so as not to add troubling labor to others.
Each time I received a letter from mum, I would always start to stroke the stamp on upper right corner of the envelope because it had been sticked by mom with her hands. It was regularly sticked, but never beautifully done with upside-down picture, because my mother was blind, she sticked it all by feeling. On these stamps, mom's fingerprints remained, mom's caring carried and mom's scent omitting. Once I stared at them, my eyes brimmed over with excited tears.
These stamps were substitution for my mom; and my understanding to stamps stemmed from them.
2007年1月28日清晨，一列我国最新CRH高速动车组列车在上海南站首次亮相，标志着中国铁路进入一个全新时代。
新型CRH高速列车最高时速可达250公里，目前运行时速160公里。共有200名乘客见证了列车从上海到杭州的首次运行，其高速、平稳及美妙的乘坐体验给大家留下了深刻印象。该列车的内外装饰都达到了国际统一标准，给乘客优越的旅行体验。此次提速的关键元素在于它的高科技车头，其重量与传统机车头相比减半，大大降低了能耗。
除了新型CRH高速列车人性化的设计外，乘客还能体验到更舒心的服务。春节临近，CRH高速列车的全面运营将有望缓解紧张的铁路运输压力，以便出行更加便捷舒适。
参考译文
A new CRH (China Railway High－speed) bullet train made its debut at Shanghai South Railway Station in the early morning of January 28, 2007. It announced the beginning of a new epoch of China's railway industry.
The new CRH bullet train, which can travel at a top speed of 250 kilometers an hour, is currently running at a speed of 160 km/h. A total of 200 passengers, who witnessed its first run from Shanghai to Hangzhou, were deeply impressed by its high speed, stable operation and wonderful travel experience. The exterior and interior decoration is in line with international standard，providing passengers with a superior feeling of traveling. The key element of its speed improving is the high-tech locomotive, which the weight of it has been cut in half compared with the traditional ones for reducing power consumption.
Apart from the passenger-oriented design of the new CRH，customers can also expect better service for their enjoying ride. With the approach of the Spring Festival, the full implementation of the CRH bullet train can be expected to relieve the high congestion of railway travel so as to make the travel faster and more convenient.
旅游是一项集观光、娱乐、健身为一体的愉快而美好的活动。旅游业随着时代进步而不断发展。
20世纪中叶以来，现代旅游在世界范围内迅速兴起，旅游人数不断增加，旅游产业规模持续扩大，旅游经济地位提升，旅游活动愈益成为各国人民交流文化、增进友谊、扩大交往的重要渠道，对人类活动和社会进步发生越来越广泛的影响。
古往今来，旅游一直是人们增长知识、丰富阅历、强健体魄的美好追求。
在古代，中国先哲们就提出了“观国之光”的思想，倡导“读万卷书，行万里路”，游历名山大川，承天地之灵气，接山水之精华。
参考译文
Tourism is a kind of popular and pleasant activity that combines sightseeing, recreation and health care. With the passage of time, tourism has been developing.
Since the middle of the 20th century, tourism has been growing at a fast pace around the world. The number of tourists has been rising, the scale of the tourism industry has constantly been expanding, and the importance of tourism in the economy has grown obviously. Tourism acts gradually as an important bridge for cultural exchange and friendship, and it exerts a steadily broadening influence on daily life and social progress among countries.
From ancient times to the present, tourism has demonstrated the happy wish of the people for more knowledge, varied experience and good health. In the distant past, Chinese thinkers recommended "appreciating the landscape through sightseeing." Ancient people also proposed to "travel ten thousand li and read ten thousand books," which shows they found pleasure in enriching themselves mentally and physically through traveling over famous mountains and rivers.
从1979到2004年实行改革开放这27年里，中国发生了巨大的变化。经济每年增长9.4%，居民消费每年增长7%，进出口每年增长16.7%。2004年国民经济总产值达1.6494万亿美元，进出口总额达1.1548万亿美元。我们已经基本上建立了社会主义市场经济。我们的生产力和综合国力在不断提高。社会各项事业蓬勃发展，人民生活实现了从温饱到小康这一历史性的飞跃。
如何在全球化加快的新形势下，从中国的实际出发，抓住机遇，迎接挑战，保持持续、快速、和谐和全面社会经济发展，是值得我们密切关注的重大战略略问题。经过多年的实践和探索，我们找到了一条既符合中国实际和时代发展趋势又反映人民愿望的发展道路。这就是具有中国特色的社会主义道路。我们将沿着这条道路坚定不移地奋勇前进。
参考译文
The past 27 years of reform and opening up have brought about tremendous changes from 1979 to 2004, on annual average, the Chinese economy grew by 9.4%, consumption by 7%, and import and export by 16.7%. In 2004, the country's GDP topped US $ 1.6494 trillion. Total import and export volume reached US$ 1.1548 trillion. We have basically established a socialist market economy. Our productivity and overall national strength are constantly growing. Various social undertakings are flourishing and the historic leap in the people's livelihood from a subsistence level to moderate prosperity is realized on the whole.
Under the new circumstances of accelerated economic globalization, a major strategic issue deserving our close attention is how to maintain sustained, rapid, coordinated and sound economic and social development by adapting to China's reality, seizing opportunities and coping with challenges. After years of exploration and practice, we have found a path to development that comforts to China's reality and the trend of times and reflects the wishes of the people. This is the road of Chinese socialism with Chinese characteristics. We will stride forward unswervingly along this road.
四川从今年开始将新建三个大熊猫自然保护区，使全省的大熊猫自然保护区达到40个，以确保50％左右的大熊猫栖息地和60％左右的野生大熊猫个体分布在保护区内。四川省今年将建的保护区包括位于邛崃山系的芦山县黄水河大熊猫自然保护区和位于大小相岭的荥经县泡草湾大熊猫自然保护区。同时，位于乐山市金口河区的八月林保护区正在审批中，有望在年内获准建立。
目前，四川省共有37个大熊猫自然保护区，占地200多万公顷，其中国家级大熊猫自然保护区11个。据第三次全国大熊猫普查，四川省野外的大熊猫数量为1206只，约占全国的76％。全省大熊猫栖息地面积达到177万公顷，占全国的77％。
20世纪50年代，中国就创立了第一个以保护大熊猫为目的的自然保护区。1992年中国政府启动了一个旨在全面彻底保护大熊猫栖息地的“中国保护大熊猫及其栖息地工程”，1998年开展了天然林保护、退耕还林等生态工程建设，这些工程开展以后，大熊猫生存繁衍状况明显好转。
大熊猫是世界上最珍贵的濒危动物之一，被称为活化石。目前，野生大熊猫仅存1590只左右，主要分布在四川和陕西。
参考译文
From this year, three new giant panda reserves will be established in Si chuan to ensure about 50% panda habitats and nearly 60% wild pandas in reserves, thus the natural reserves for pandas in this province will reach 40. The reserves established in Si chuan this year include the Huang shuihe giant panda reserve in Lu shan county of Qionglai mountain chain and Pao caowan giant panda reserve in Yingjing county of Da xiaoxiang mountain. Meanwhile, the Ba yuelin reserve in Jinkouhe area of Leshan city is just being examined and expected to be founded this year.
A total of 37 giant panda reserves are established in Si chuan province now, covering more than 2 million hectare, 11 of which are national giant panda reserves. The number of wild pandas in this province is 1,206, accounting for 76% of China, according to the third national giant panda census. The area of giant panda habitats in this province is 1.77 million hectares, accounting for 77% of the country.
For the protection of giant pandas, China has established the first natural reserve in the 1950s. The Chinese government started a project of China protecting giant pandas and their habitats to fully safeguard giant pandas habitats in 1992 and implemented many ecological projects such as wild wood protection and returning land for farming to forestry in 1998. After these, panda's living and breeding conditions are much better than before.
The giant panda is called living fossil and is one of the world most precious endangered animals. At present, the number of wild pandas is about 1590 and most of them are distributed in Si chuan and Shan xi.
能源是人类社会赖以生存和发展的重要物质基础。纵观人类社会发展的历史，人类文明的每一次重大进步都伴随着能源的改进和更替。能源的开发利用极大地推进了世界经济和人类社会的发展。
过去100多年里，发达国家先后完成了工业化，消耗了地球上大量的自然资源，特别是能源资源。当前，一些发展中国家正在步入工业化阶段，能源消费增加是经济社会发展的客观必然。
中国是当今世界上最大的发展中国家，发展经济，摆脱贫困，是中国政府和中国人民在相当长一段时期内的主要任务。20世纪70年代末以来，中国作为世界上发展最快的发展中国家，经济社会发展取得了举世瞩目的辉煌成就，成功地开辟了中国特色社会主义道路，为世界的发展和繁荣作出了重大贡献。
中国是目前世界上第二位能源生产国和消费国。能源供应持续增长，为经济社会发展提供了重要的支撑。能源消费的快速增长，为世界能源市场创造了广阔的发展空间。中国已经成为世界能源市场不可或缺的重要组成部分，对维护全球能源安全，正在发挥着越来越重要的积极作用。
参考译文
Energy is an essential material basis for human survival and development. Over the entire history of mankind, each and every significant step in the progress of human civilization has been accompanied by energy innovations and substitutions. The development and utilization of energy has enormously boosted the development of the world economy and human society.
Over more than 100 years in the past, developed countries have completed their industrialization, consuming an enormous quantity of natural resources, especially energy resources, in the process. Today, some developing countries are ushering in their own era of industrialization, and an increase of energy consumption is inevitable for their economic and social development.
China is the largest developing country in the world, and developing its economy and eliminating poverty will, for a long time to come, remain the main tasks for the Chinese government and the Chinese people. Since the late 1970s, China, as the fastest growing developing country, has scored brilliant achievements in its economy and society that have attracted worldwide attention, successfully blazed the trail of socialism with Chinese characteristics, and made significant contributions to world development and prosperity.
China is now the world's second-largest energy producer and consumer. The sustained growth of energy supply has provided an important support for the country's economic growth and social progress, while the rapid expansion of energy consumption has created a vast scope for the global energy market. As an irreplaceable component of the world energy market, China plays an increasingly important role in maintaining global energy security.
中国是农业大国，在中国成为发达国家的道路上，农业有着决定性的作用。中国的农业应该是世界的奇迹，养活了13亿的人口，解决了世界1/5人口的吃饭问题，对中国经济的快速发展起到了坚实的保障作用。特别是始于1978年的改革开放最早从农村开始，使农业得到了进一步的发展，粮食、棉花、油料、糖料、肉类、水产品等产量均列世界第一位。中国农产品由极度短缺变为基本供给平衡，部分品种有余。但今天农村却不是改革开放的最大受益者，农业仍然处于传统农业向现代农业转变的发展阶段。
在中国，70%左右的人口仍然要依靠这个传统的农业产业提供生存保障，近50%的社会劳动人口仍然只能从农业中得到就业机会。农业生产产值占整个国民生产总值的比率在15%左右。
因此农业的现代化在国家的整个现代化进程中，占有举足轻重的地位。“实现农业的现代化”，这是中国政府一直在坚持的农业发展方向。
参考译文
Agriculture plays a decisive role for a big agricultural country like China in its road to a developed country. Chinese agriculture, as a miracle to the world, has raised 1.3 billion Chinese people and met the need of food for 1/5 of people in the world, guaranteeing the fast development of Chinese economy. The policy of reform and opening up, in particular, first implemented in rural areas in 1987 has promoted further development of agriculture. Thus, the production of food all ranks first in the world , such as food stuff, cotton, oil, sugar, meat and marine products and changes have taken place in Chinese agricultural products from desperate scarcity to a moderate balance between supply and demand with some of them affluent. Agriculture today, however, does not benefit the most from the policy and is still in growing transformation from traditional agriculture to modern agriculture.
In China, nearly 70% of people depend on traditional agriculture for livelihood and about 50% of social work force has a chance only in agriculture to access a job. The agriculture GDP is about 15% of the GDP in China.
The modernization of agriculture plays a quite important role in China's modernization and realization of agricultural modernization is the goal Chinese government has always been pursuing.
维护世界和平，促进共同发展，谋求合作共赢，是各国人民的共同愿望，也是不可抗拒的当今时代潮流。中国高举和平、发展、合作的旗帜，坚持走和平发展道路，与世界各国一道，共同致力于建设一个持久和平、共同繁荣的和谐世界。
中国与世界从未像今天这样紧密相连。中国政府把中国人民的根本利益与各国人民的共同利益结合起来，坚持奉行防御性的国防政策。中国的国防服从和服务于国家发展战略和安全战略，旨在维护国家安全统一，确保实现全面建设小康社会的宏伟目标。中国永远是维护世界和平、安全、稳定的坚定力量。
中国在经济不断发展的基础上推进国防和军队现代化，是适应世界新军事变革发展趋势、维护国家安全和发展利益的需要。中国不会与任何国家进行军备竞赛，不会对任何国家构成军事威胁。新世纪新阶段，中国把科学发展观作为国防和军队建设的重要指导方针，积极推进中国特色军事变革，努力实现国防和军队建设全面协调可持续发展。
参考译文
To uphold world peace, promote common development and seek cooperation and win-win is the common wish of the people around the world and an irresistible trend of our times.
Committed to peace, development and cooperation, China pursues a road of peaceful development, and endeavors to build, together with other countries, a harmonious world of enduring peace and common prosperity.
Never before has China been so closely bound up with the rest of the world as it is today. The Chinese government works to advance both the fundamental interests of the Chinese people and the common interests of the peoples of the rest of the world, and pursues a defense policy which is purely defensive in nature. China's national defense, in keeping with and contributing to the country's development and security strategies, aims at maintaining national security and unity, and ensuring the realization of the goal of building a moderately prosperous society in an all-round way. China is determined to remain a staunch force for global peace, security and stability.
China's national defense and military modernization, conducted on the basis of steady economic development, is the requirement of keeping up with new trends in the global revolution and development in military affairs, and of maintaining China's national security and development. China will not engage in any arms race or pose a military threat to any other country. At the new stage in the new century, we will take the scientific development outlook as an important guiding principle for the building of national defense and military affairs, vigorously advance the revolution in military affairs with Chinese features, and strive to realize an all-round, coordinated and sustainable development in our country's national defense and military capabilities.
亚洲是我们共同的家园，亚洲的和平、稳定、发展关系到亚洲各国人民的共同命运。我们高兴地看到，在当前总体和平稳定的国际环境下，亚洲也迎来了有史以来较为稳定的和平发展时期。这就是一个最重要的新机会。
在亚洲各国政府和人民的共同努力下，亚洲的发展正呈现出前所未有的良好态势，突出表现在：亚洲巨大的市场潜能逐步得到开发，亚洲各国和地区经济结构调整的成效显著，产业优化升级继续加快，经济持续快速发展，亚洲已成为全球经济最具活力的地区之一。“我们说，要把握亚洲寻求共赢的新机会，这又是一个新机会。”
亚洲和平、稳定、发展的整体氛围，促进了亚洲区域合作进程的快速发展，一个平等、多元、开放、互利的地区合作新局面正在逐步形成。特别是以东亚、东盟、中亚、南盟、亚洲合作对话以及多双边自由贸易安排为标志，各种形式的区域、次区域经济合作蓬勃发展。这同样也是一个新机会。
这些积极而重大的变化，既为推动亚洲区域合作提供了有利条件，也为亚洲各国和地区的发展带来了历史性机遇。“只要我们继续相互尊重、平等对待，把握发展的机会，把握住自己的命运，就一定能够促进亚洲的发展与振兴，达致互利共赢的目标。”
参考译文
Asia is the home of all of us. Peace, stability and development in Asia are crucial to the well-being of the people in our region. We are heartened to see that just as the world today enjoys overall peace and stability, so Asia is in a relatively stable and peaceful period for development rarely seen in its history. We often say that Asia should seize an opportunity for win-win progress. Now we are faced with this important opportunity.
Thanks to the joint effort of the governments and peoples of Asian countries, Asia has registered an unprecedented sound momentum of development, marked by the unleashing of huge market potential, effective economic restructuring in various countries and areas, accelerating industrial upgrading and fast and sustained economic growth. This has made Asia one of the most dynamic regions in the world. This is another opportunity that Asia should seize to make win-win progress.
The overall peace, stability and development in Asia have led to fast progress in the regional cooperation process. A new type of regional cooperation based on equality, diversity, openness and mutual benefit is taking shape. Various regional and sub-regional economic cooperation mechanisms have grown in strength, which include the Association of Southeast Asian Nations, the South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation, Asia Cooperation Dialogue, those in East Asia and Central Asia, and multilateral and bilateral free trade arrangements. This is another opportunity that Asia should seize.
These positive and major developments have brought about both favorable conditions for regional cooperation and historical opportunities for the development of Asia. We should respect and treat each other as equals, seize the opportunities of development and hold our destiny in our own hands. As we do this, we will certainly achieve mutual benefit and win-win progress and promote development and rejuvenation of Asia.
国际经验与中国特色
中国作为后发现代化国家，极其需要借鉴国际经验。同时，在和平崛起进程中，中国又要以自己为主，来关注和解决自己的问题。这就是说，中国的现代化一定要有中国特色。
比如，在农业问题上，中国将努力走出一条新的节约型道路，即有中国特色的节约方式。现在美国人均年消费石油25桶，而中国人均消费不到1桶半。如果中国人不顾自己的条件，异想天开想做起“美国梦”，那我们对能源急切需求就会给自己，同事也会给人类带来沉重的负担和无尽的麻烦。
又比如，在农村富余劳动力的转移上，我们将逐步走出一条中国特色的城市化道路。目前，中国农村劳动力有5亿多人，今后20年大约有两亿多人要转移出来，在这个问题上，中国人不能做“欧洲梦”。欧洲在近代历史上，总共有6000多万人走到世界各地，到处建立殖民地，改变了世界版图。21世纪上半叶的中国人，只能在自己的国土上，通过城市和农村的精心协调发展，通过引导农村富余劳动力在不丧失土地的条件下，在城乡之间有序流动，来解决这个世界级的大难题。
参考译文
International Experience and Chinese Characteristics
As a new comer striving for modernization, China is badly in need of drawing experience from international practice. At the same time, China must rely on itself to address and resolve problems arising in the process of her peaceful rise. In other words, China's modernization must beat its own unique characteristics.
For instance, with regard to energy issues, China is working hard to blaze a trail in energy conservation so as to shape up a China-style energy-saving approach. Currently, the American per capita annual consumption of oil is 25 barrels, while that for China is no more than a barrel and a half. Should the Chinese ignore their national conditions and indulge themselves in the wildest "American Dream", the nation's desperate energy demands will undoubtedly bring heavy burden and endless trouble both to the Chinese people and the humankind as a whole.
Similarly, over the matter of migration of superfluous rural labor force to the city, China is sure to gradually find out the way towards urbanization stamped with Chinese characteristics. At present, China has a labor force of more than 500 million in the countryside, about 200 million of whom are expected to be migrated to the urban areas in the dream the "European dream". In modern history, Europe has seen altogether over 60 million people depart for every corner of the world to establish colonies overseas, thereby changing the map of the world. For the Chinese people in the first half of the 21st century, however, they can only tackle this formidable universal problem within its own land, first by carefully coordinating urban and rural development and secondly, by providing guided and orderly flow of redundant rural labor force between the countryside and the city without loss of their lands.
25年来，中国坚定不移地推进改革开放，社会主义市场经济体制初步建立，开放型经济已经形成，社会生产力和综合国力不断增强，各项社会事业全面发展，人民生活总体上实现了由温饱到小康的历史性跨越。从1978年至2003年的25年间，中国经济年均增长9.4%。25年前，中国年国内生产总值为1473亿美元，去年已达到14000多亿美元。25年前，中国年进出口贸易总额为206亿美元，去年已达到8512亿美元。25年前，中国外汇储备为1.67亿美元，去年已达到4033亿美元。目前，中国经济总量居世界第六，进出口贸易总额居世界第四。中国之所以能够发生这样巨大的变化，最关键的原因是我们始终坚持走中国特色社会主义道路，始终坚持改革开放，激发了全体人民的积极性、主动性、创造性。
中国虽然取得了很大的发展成就，但中国人口多，底子薄，生产力不发达，发展很不平衡，生态环境、自然资源与经济社会发展的矛盾比较突出。虽然中国人均国内生产总值已经突破1000美元，但仍排在世界一百位以后。中国要实现现代化，使全体人民都过上富裕生活，还需要进行长期不懈的艰苦奋斗。
我们已经明确了本世纪头20年的奋斗目标，这就是全面建设惠及十几亿人口的更高水平的小康社会，到2020年实现国内生产总值比2000年翻两番，达到4万亿美元，人均国内生产总值达到3000美元，使经济更加发展、民主更加健全、科教更加进步、文化更加繁荣、社会更加和谐、人民生活更加殷实。
参考译文
Over the past 25 years, China has been firmly pressing ahead with the implementation of the reform program and the initiative of opening up to the outside world. With the establishment of a preliminary socialist market economy, and the nation's economy attaining an outward-oriented perspective, the productive forces and the comprehensive national competence have been on the rising curve constantly. And various social undertakings have been developing in full swing. The living standard of the Chinese people as a whole has undergone a historical leap from a subsistence level to the level of moderate prosperity.
In the 25 years between 1978 and 2003, the annual growth rate of China's economy was running at an average of 9.4 percent, with its GDP jumping from 147.3 billion US dollars to over 1.4 trillion US dollars.
25 years ago, China's foreign trade value and foreign exchange reserves each stood at 20.6 billion and 167 million in US dollars, but last year they shot up to 851.2 billion US dollars and 403.3 billion US dollars respectively. China has now become the sixth largest economy and the fourth largest trader in the world.
The tremendous changes in China are attributed to the fact that we have adhered to the path of building socialism with Chinese characteristics and persevered in our reform and opening endeavors, which brought into full play the Chinese people's initiative, enthusiasm and creativeness.
Though China has scored impressive achievements in its development, we must not lose sight of our problems: overpopulation, a weak economic foundation, underdeveloped productivity, highly uneven development, and the fairly sharp contradictions between the country's ecological environment and natural resources on the one hand and its economic and social development on the other.
China's per capita GDP, though reaching the record high of 1,000 US dollars last year, still ranks well behind the 100th place in the world. To realize China's modernization program and offer all the Chinese people a prosperous life there is yet an uphill battle to fight.
We have already set our vision for the first 20 years of this century, which involves the building of a moderately prosperous society of a higher standard in an all-round way for the benefit of well over one billion Chinese people. By 2020 the GDP will be quadrupled from the figure of 2000 to 4 trillion US dollars, with the per capita level averaging at 3,000 US dollars. By then the nation will be immersed in an ambience of greater social harmony with an improved quality of life for the people, featuring a more developed economy, more sound democracy, more thriving culture and more advanced science and education.
科技进步与技术创新
20世纪，人类取得了巨大的成就，其中尤其以科学技术的进步为最大。可以预料，在20世纪，科学技术的迅速发展和高科技产业的兴起。将推动世界经济继续有农业经济进而向知识经济嬗变。世界正在发生深刻的变化：经济与科学技术的结合与日俱增；世界经济的重组加快步伐；经济繁荣不仅取决于资源和资本的总量，而且直接有赖于技术知识和信息的积累和运用。创新是新时代的主题，对于世界的社会经济发展至关重要。
为了实现现在化目标，中国下绝对对科技和教育进行投资。中国政府决定加大技术创新的力度，发展高科技，完成工业化。这对新世纪的中国有着重要意义，是振兴中华民族的必由之路。为此，中国将鼓励创新，加快商业化、工业化和国家化的进程。
中国将实施全国科技发展的长期规划，以此重新适应世界的工业结构和国际市场的变化。同时，中国还将实施可持续发展的战略，促进全国的创新工作，加快技术进步，努力解决国民经济中的主要问题，加快我国科技事业的发展。
参考译文
In the 20th century, humankind has made tremendous achievements of which the biggest one is the advances in science and technology. It is predicted that the rapid development of science and technology and the rise of high-tech industry will continue to promote the changes of the world economy from agriculture-based economy to industry-based economy and then to knowledge-based economy. The world is undergoing profound changes: the integration of economy and science and technology is increasing day by day; the restructuring of the world economy is speeding up; and economic prosperity not only hinges upon the total volume of resources and capital, but also directly on the accumulation and application of technological knowledge and information. Innovation is the theme of the new era and is crucial to the world's socioeconomic development.
China has determined to invest in science and education for its modernization. Chinese government has decided to intensify its efforts in its technological innovation, develop its high technology and accomplish its industrialization. This is of great significance for China in the new century and is the only way to the vitalization of the Chinese nation. Therefore, China will encourage innovation to accelerate its commercialization, industrialization and internationalization.
China will carry out its long-term plan for national scientific and technological development to readapt to the changes of the world's industrial structuring and international market. Meanwhile, China will implement the strategies of sustainable development, promote its innovation on a national basis, strive to resolve its major problems in national economy and accelerate the development of science and technology.
矿产资源是自然资源的重要组成部分，是人类社会发展的重要物质基础。中国是世界上最早开发利用矿产资源的国家之一。过去50年，中国在矿产资源勘探开发方面取得巨大成就。这为中国经济的持续、快速、健康发展提供了重要保障。
中国政府高度重视可持续发展和矿产资源的合理利用，把可持续发展确定为国家战略，把保护资源作为可持续发展战略的重要内容。
中国是一个人口众多、资源相对不足的发展中国家。中国主要依靠本国的矿产资源来保障现代化建设的需要。同时，中国又积极引进国外资本和技术开发中国矿产资源，利用国外市场与国外矿产资源，并努力推动中国矿山企业和矿产品进入国际市场。
参考译文
Mineral resources are an important part of natural resources and an important material foundation for the development of human society. China is one of the first countries in the world to develop and utilize resources.
Over the past five decades, China has made great achievements in the survey and development of its mineral resources. This has provided an important guarantee for the sustained, rapid and sound development of the Chinese economy.
The Chinese Government attaches great importance to sustainable development and the rational utilization of mineral resources. It has made sustainable development a national strategy and the protection of resources an important part of this strategy.
China is developing country with a large population and a relative shortage of resources. It depends mainly on the exploitation of its own mineral resources to meet the needs of its modernization program. Meanwhile, it has made energetic efforts to introduce foreign capital and technology to exploit its own resources, make use of foreign markets and foreign mineral resources, and strive to help its own mining enterprises and mineral products to enter the international market.
众所周知，鸟无翅膀不能飞，人无双腿不能走。但对尹小星而言，鸟无翅膀不能飞，人无双腿却能走！
1970年出生于江苏一户农民家庭的尹小星，出生仅8个月就患小儿麻痹症并发急性肺炎。虽然最终保住了命，他却再也不能站立。因为身体残疾，初中毕业后小星不得不辍学。生存的压力对他来说显得格外沉重，他贩过水果，养过鸡，还下功夫学习过中医。
在他21岁的时候，这个年轻人竟怀揣一幅地图，手持一个指南针，摇着轮椅踏上了走遍全中国的艰难路途。
近21年来小星手摇轮椅，足迹遍布31省、市、自治区，行程7万多公里，用坏了4部轮椅。他实现了徒手攀登泰山、华山、衡山等20多座名山，孤身翻越海拔5231米的唐古拉山，手摇轮椅走过丝绸之路，穿越塔克拉玛干（Taklimakan）大沙漠，徒手攀登上海东方明珠电视塔，圆满完成从沙漠到香港的旅行。
参考译文
As everyone knows, birds cannot fly without wings and a person cannot walk without legs. But for Yin Xiaoxing, while birds cannot fly without wings, a person can walk even without legs!
Born in 1970 into a farmer's family in Jiangsu Province, Yin Xiaoxing suffered from polio and acute pneumonia at the age of only eight months. He survived but lost the ability to stand on his feet. Because of his disability, Xiaoxing had to give up his study after junior middle school. The burden of life seemed to be especially heavy for him. He tried to make a living by selling fruits, raising chickens and taking pains to learn traditional Chinese medicine.
At the age of 21, this young man, with a map and a compass in hand, embarked on the hard journey of traveling around China in his wheelchair.
In the last 12 years, Yin Xiaoxing traveled a total of 70,000 kilometers in his wheelchair and left his footprints in 31 provinces, municipalities and autonomous regions. During this period, he wore out four wheelchairs. He left a trail of human records including climbing more than 20 famous mountains like Mount Tai, Mount Hua and Mount Heng with his hands, crossing the 5,231-meter-high Mount Tanggula alone, traveling along the Silk Road in wheelchair, crossing the Taklimakan Desert, getting to the top of the Oriental Pearl TV Tower in Shanghai with his hands, and completing the journey from the desert to Hong Kong.
长城是世界一大奇迹。现在，每年都有几百万人到长城游览。在旺季，几处最著名的景点总是让成群结队的游客挤得水泄不通。
中国人修筑城墙的历史久远，可以追溯到战国时期。历史上，中国共修过大约20座长城。在所有这些长城中，明长城最长，达到6700公里。在当时，中国技术在世界上处于领先地位，因此明长城的结构也是最复杂的。明长城的修筑是为了抵御北方游牧民族的入侵。
清朝建立后，由于它的建立者本身也是游牧民族，他们觉得没有必要继续修筑长城。不过，清政府还是颁布法令对长城进行保护，禁止拆砖。但是，岁月的流逝和连续战乱使人们易到之处遭到了严重的破坏。
十几年来，蓬勃发展的旅游业促进了长城的修缮工程。目前，多处长城已经修复，或正在修缮中。
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The Great Wall is a wonder of the world. Now, millions of people journey to the Great Wall each year, making its most popular sites besieged by hordes of tourists during busy seasons.
The Chinese have a long history of building walls, dating from the Warring States period. In history, about 20 walls were built, with the wall constructed during the Ming Dynasty being the longest, extending 6,700 km. China was the most technologically advanced nation in the word then, so the wall was also the most sophisticated in structure. It was built to ward off the invasion of nomads from the north.
After the establishment of the Qing Dynasty, since its founders were themselves nomads, they did not see a need to continue with wall building. Nonetheless, the Qing government did institute a law to preserve the wall, banning the removal of bricks from it. But, the impact of time and continuous wars have left the wall greatly damaged in its most accessible sections.
Over the past 10-plus years, the booming tourist industry has stimulated the Great Wall's renovation project. Now, many of its sections have been or are being revamped.
进入新世纪，国际形势继续发生深刻复杂的变化。世界多极化和经济全球化灾曲折中发展。科技进步日新月异，我们既面临着必须抓住的发展机遇，也面临着必须认真应付的严峻挑战，尽管当今世界还存在着这样那样的矛盾和利益冲突，不确定、不稳定因素有所增加，但和平与发展仍是当今时代的主题，世界要和平、国家要发展、人民要合作是不可阻挡的历史潮流。
当前亚洲形势总体稳定，和平、发展、合作已成为前进中亚洲的主流。经过共同努力，亚洲有关国家摆脱了金融危机的阴影，战胜了非典和禽流感疫情的冲击，经济结构调整取得成效，产业升级换代步伐加快，区域合作方兴未艾，抗御风险能力不断增强。亚洲仍然是全球最具发展活力的地区之一，也继续是全球贸易的重要增长点之一。我们对亚洲的发展前景充满信心。
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In the new century, the international situation has continued to undergo profound and complicated changes. World multipolarization and economic globalization are progressing amid twists and turns. Science and technology are advancing with each passing day. We have before us both development opportunities that we must seize and grave challenges that we must deal with seriously. Despite the widespread conflicts and clashes of interests and increasing numbers of factors of uncertainty and instability in the world today, peace and development remain the overriding themes of the times. The world needs peace, countries desire development and people want cooperation. This has become an irresistible trend of history.
At present, Asia, on the whole, enjoys stability, with peace, development and cooperation becoming the mainstream of an advancing Asia. With concerted efforts, relevant Asian countries have freed themselves from the shadow of the financial crisis, overcome the impact of SARS and bird flu, succeeded in economic restructuring, quickened the tempo of industrial upgrading and transformation, promoted a robust regional cooperation, and increased the capacity to tide over potential risks. Asia has retained its position as one of the world's most dynamic regions and a key growth point in global trade. We are full of confidence in the future of Asia's development.
中国目前已经建成1.9万公里公路。自1990年以来，中国每年都要新增3700公里公路。到2020年公路网将连接中国所有重要城市。中国公路里程将仅次于美国，达到55000公里。
高速公路网将带来深远的影响。城市带将形成；人们的生活方式将会发生变化；枢纽城市的经济增长率将迅速上升，因为便利的交通条件将吸引更多的投资者。
许多国际开发商支持这种看法。世界银行和亚洲开发银行正用巨额贷款支持中国开展公路建设。它们认为公路建设对于缓解贫困至关重要。自上世纪末，亚洲开发银行已减少它在中国经济发达的东部地区的公路投资，而将重点转向较为贫困的西部地区。
在公路建设中，中国也很重视支线公路建设，因为支线公路可以使小城镇充分利用附近干线公路建设带来的发展机遇。
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Up to now, China has built 19,000km of highways. Since 1990, some 3,700km of highways have been added each year. By 2020, highway networks will connect all major Chinese cities, and the total length of China's highways will be 55.000km, second only to that of the United States.
The impact of highway networks will be huge. Urban belts will emerge; people's lifestyles will change; and the economic growth rate of interchange cities will surge, as the convenient transportation facilities will attract more investors.
Many international developers share this view. Both the World Bank and the Asian Development Bank are lending heavily to support China's road expansion. They believe highway construction is vital for poverty alleviation. Since the late 1990s, the Asian Development Bank has reduced its road investment in China's economically developed eastern areas and shifted its focus to the relatively poor western region.
During its highway construction, China pays great attention to the building of feeder roads, as they can help smaller towns make full use of the development opportunities brought about by the construction of nearby trunk highways.
长期以来西方人一直怀疑由草药制成的中成药是否有效。在过去的几年内，中国传统医药在世界范围内经历了严格的科学审查。
为证明和提高传统治疗方法的效益，中国大陆投入了巨资在这方面进行艰苦研究。香港一直在努力使自己成为世界上传统中医研究的带头人。台湾也提出它将把自己建成一个中医技术中心。
传统中医药的研究工作在亚洲以外地区的大学和其他机构也蓬勃开展。这些揭开传统医学秘密的研究工作可能会为中西医都大感头疼的疾病患者带来福音。
尽管在理论上中西医之间还存在着分歧，一些对中医药感兴趣的著名国际制药公司已开始在中国实施小规模的研究项目。一批新药已在亚洲各地接受试验。
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For a long time, Westerners have been skeptical about the efficacy of China's patent drugs made of medicinal herbs. In the past few years, traditional Chinese medicine has been subject to rigorous scientific scrutiny worldwide.
To prove and enhance the efficacy of traditional Chinese medicine, China's mainland (the mainland of China) has poured huge amounts of money into hard research on this field. While Hong Kong has been endeavoring to make itself the world leader in research on traditional Chinese medicine, Taiwan has put forward a plan to transform itself into a traditional Chinese medicine technology center.
Research into traditional cures is also blossoming at universities and other institutions outside Asia. These efforts to unlock the secrets of traditional remedies could produce benefits for sufferers of diseases that have confounded both Western and traditional Chinese medicines.
Although there are still differences between Western and traditional Chinese medicines in theory, some world-known pharmaceutical companies, taking interest in traditional Chinese medicine, have launched small research projects in China. A number of new medicines have already undergone trials across Asia.
奥林匹克运动的生命力和非凡魅力在于在奥林匹克运动中居核心地位的奥林匹克精神。体育的目的在于追求人类身心全面发展，并在此基础上促进社会的发展和进步。现代奥林匹克运动的创始人顾拜旦（Pieere de Coubertin）认为体育是全人类的一项伟大事业。他将奥林匹克运动的目标设定为促进不同国家、不同文化之间的相互理解，从而促进和维护世界和平，推进人类文明。这一理想使奥林匹克运动得以经百年而不衰。作为全世界奥林匹克大家庭成员的一个盛大聚会，奥林匹克运动已经成为促进世界和平、进步与发展的一只重要社会力量。
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The vitality and special appeal of the Olympic Games lie in the Olympic spirit, which is the soul of the soul of the Games. The goal of sports is to pursue comprehensive physical and mental development and, on the basis of this, to accelerate social progress. Pierre de Coubertin, founder of the modern Olympiad, considered sports a great undertaking of humanity. The goal of the Olympic Movement defined by him is to promote undertaking among different countries and cultures, maintain world peace and advance human civilization. This ideal has enabled the Olympic Games to thrive for more than a century. The Olympic Games have been a grand gathering of members of the Olympic family throughout the world, and the Olympic Movement has become a major social force to promote world peace, progress and development.
近年来，中国经济保持快速发展，为世界经济发展注入了活力。实践证明了中国在加入世贸组织之前的预言：中国的发展离不开世界，世界的发展需要中国。未来20年，在全面建设小康社会的进程中，中国一定会对世界经济的发展和实现全人类的共同进步做出历史性的贡献。为此，中国将继续扩大外贸，大力实施西部大开发战略，进一步改善投资环境，为外商提供更大的商机。同时，中国将引导和支持更多有比较优势的企业对外投资，开展平等互利、形式多样的经济技术合作。中国将进一步加强双边、多边和区域经济合作，实现世界各国各地区的共同发展。
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In recent years, China's economy has maintained rapid development, injecting vigor into global economic growth. Facts have confirmed the prediction made by China before its WTO accession: China's development cannot be sustained without the world, and world development needs China. In the coming 20 years, China is bound to make historic contributions to global economic development and to the common progress of mankind, while building a well-off society in an all-round way. To achieve this, China will continue to expand foreign trade, energetically implement its west development strategy, further improve its investment environment, and provide overseas investors with greater business opportunities. Meanwhile, it will guide and support competitive enterprises to invest overseas and carry out diverse forms of economic and technological cooperation on the basis of equality and mutual benefit. China will further intensify bilateral, multilateral and regional economic cooperation, so as to achieve common development in all countries and regions in the world.
移动电话正在成为21世纪一个主要的技术领域。在几年之内，移动电话将会发展成为多功能的通信工具，除了语音之外，还可以传输和接收视频信号、静止图像、数据和文本。个人通信的新纪元即将到来。
在一定程度上多亏了无线网络的发展，电话正在与个人电脑和电视融合起来。不久之后，配有高分辨率显示屏的轻巧手机便可以与卫星连接。人们可以随时随地通话，收发电子邮件或者参加视像电话会议。这种手机也许还会吸收电脑的许多主要功能。移动通信工具有望带来一些互联网所能提供的新服务，如股票交易、购物及预订戏票和飞机票。
电信革命已在全球范围内展开。不久之后，用一台装置就可以收到几乎任何形式的电子通信信号。最有可能的是一部三合一手机。在家里它可以用作无绳电话，在路上用作移动电话，在办公室里用作内部通话装置。有些专家甚至认为移动视像电话将超过电视，成为主要的视频信息来源。
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The cell phone is becoming one of the major technologies of the 21st century. Within a few years, it will become a multi-functional communicator of transmitting and receiving not only sound, but also video, still images, data and text. A new era of personal communication is on the way.
Thanks in part to the growth of wireless networks, the telephone is converging with the personal computer and the television. Soon light-weight phones outfitted with high-resolution screens will be connected to satellites. People can talk, send and receive e-mail, or take part in video conferences anytime, anywhere. These phones might also absorb many of the key functions of computers. Mobile devices are expected to be ideal for some of the new services that are available via the Internet, such as trading stocks, shopping and booking theater and airline tickets.
The telecommunication revolution is developing around the globe. It will soon be possible to receive almost all forms of electronic communication through a single device. A three-in-one phone is most likely. It can serve as a cordless at home, a cell phone on the road and an intercom at work. Some experts even suggest that cell videophones could overtake television as the major source of visual information.