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06 |
里约热内卢狂欢节
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背景介绍
里约热内卢简称里约，是巴西第二大城市，又被称为巴西第二首都。里约热内卢港是世界三大天然良港之一，里约热内卢基督像是该市的标志，也是世界新七大奇迹之一。里约热内卢狂欢节相传始于19世纪中叶，于每年2月盛夏时节举办。其桑巴舞演员之多、服装之华丽、场面之壮观堪称世界之最，每年吸引大约40万名外国游客。在长达一个星期的狂欢节中，整个城市都由“狂欢国王”“统治”,全体市民和游客按照自己的方式尽情狂欢。
情景对话
Xavier: I wish I were back in Rio this week! I am so homesick because it's almost time for Carnival…
Garret: Carnival? You mean the giant festival every spring?
Xavier: Yes, the Carnival in my hometown of Rio de Janeiro is the biggest carnival in the world. There are more than two million people per day partying on the streets. It's one of the most amazing experiences to participate as one of the dancers or even just watch.
Garret: I’ve seen footage of the Carnival in Rio on TV, it does seem like one huge party. Is there a reason behind the party, or is it just for fun?
Xavier: Well, it is a lot of fun, of course, but the whole idea behind Carnival is to celebrate and party before Lent.
Garret: Lint? What's that? Sounds like what I fi nd in my pockets after washing my clothes.
Xavier: Not lint, silly, Lent. Lent is a Catholic holiday for people to prepare themselves for Easter and the Holy week. We remember the sacrifi ce of Jesus Christ by making a sacrifi ce of our own. So, after Lent we have to be pious. Right before Lent, we want to have parties.
Garret: I guess that makes sense… That's probably why Carnival is so much bigger in South American countries… There are a lot more Catholics.
Xavier: That's right. But anyone and everyone participate in the Rio Carnival, not just Catholics. The parade is fi lled with samba groups. The groups make giant floats, create elaborate and fantastic costumes, and choreograph amazing dances.
Garret: But it's a little more complicated than just fl oats and dancing, right?
Xavier: Yes, it is… There is a special order that every group has to follow with their parade entries. First there is the comissão de frente or the front commission, which is only ten or fifteen people who introduce the group and set the mood. Then there is the fi rst fl oat for the group, called abre-alas which means the opening wing. There are special dancers, including the porta-bandeira and mestre-sala . There are also many dancers on the fl oats, they are called destaque . Actually, now that I think about it, Carnival is really quite complicated.
Garret: Complicated and beautiful!
泽维尔： 真希望我这星期就能回到里约热内卢！我好想家啊，因为差不多要过狂欢节了 ……
加勒特： 狂欢节？你是说每年春季的那个盛大的节日？
泽维尔： 对呀，在我的家乡里约热内卢举行的狂欢节是世界上最大的狂欢节。每天有200多万人在大街上狂欢。在狂欢的队伍里跳舞，或者仅仅是观看表演都是人生中最美好的体验之一。
加勒特： 我在电视上看过里约热内卢狂欢节，确实规模很大。这个狂欢节有什么典故吗，还是只是为了热闹呢？
泽维尔： 它当然很热闹，不过它是为了在“Lent”节前举行庆祝活动。
加勒特： “Lint”节？那是什么节日？“Lint”听上去好像洗完衣服后衣袋里的软布。
泽维尔： 不是“lint”,傻瓜，是“Lent”——大斋节。这是天主教的一个节日，让人们为复活节和圣周做准备。为了纪念耶稣基督所做出的牺牲，我们也要做出牺牲。所以在大斋节后，我们就要朴素敬神。在大斋节前，我们想狂欢。
加勒特： 我想我明白了 …… 可能正因为如此，南美洲国家的狂欢节规模远大于其他国家的 …… 南美洲国家信奉天主教的人更多。
泽维尔： 是的。不过每个人都会参与到狂欢节中，不仅仅局限于天主教教徒。欢庆的队伍里有许多桑巴舞团，他们装点出各种巨大的彩车，制作出精美绝伦的服装，表演美轮美奂的舞蹈。
加勒特： 不过狂欢节不仅仅是彩车和舞蹈，对吧？
泽维尔： 是的，它是 …… 它有一个特别要求：每个舞蹈团都要遵循自己的出场方式。首先出场的是引领团，大概由10到15个人组成，他们介绍队伍，为后面的表演定基调。然后是第一个舞蹈团的彩车，他们叫“展翼”。还有一些特别的舞者，包括旗手。彩车上也有很多舞者，叫作“重彩”。实际上，现在想一想，狂欢节的确是很丰富的。
加勒特： 丰富又美好！
词汇注解
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homesick |
思乡的，想家的 |
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footage |
镜头影像 |
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sacrifice |
牺牲，献祭 |
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choreograph |
编舞 |
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float |
彩车 |
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elaborate |
精细的 |
