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堂吉诃德
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背景介绍
《堂吉诃德》是西班牙作家塞万提斯于1605年和1615年分两部分岀版的小说。故事发生时,骑士早已绝迹一个多世纪,但主角吉哈诺却因为沉迷于骑士小说,幻想自己是个中世纪骑士,拉着邻居桑丘·潘沙“行侠仗义”、游走天下,在做出种种与时代相悖、令人匪夷所思的行径后,最终从梦幻中苏醒过来。堂吉诃德这个人物一方面疯狂而可笑,另一方面又是一个理想主义的化身,有鲜明的道德感和无畏的精神,同情被压迫者和弱小者。他一路上行侠仗义的结果却是一系列灾难。作者塞万提斯怀着悲哀的心情宣告了信仰主义的终结。英国诗人拜伦评价说:“《堂吉诃德》是一个令人伤感的故事,它越是令人发笑,则越使人感到难过。这位英雄是主持正义的,制伏坏人是他的唯一宗旨。正是那些美德使他发了疯。”
情景对话
John: Do you know what? I’ve always avoided older literature because I didn't think it would be relevant to me but I’ve really had my eyes opened.
Kerry: Oh, really? What have you been reading?
John: Don Quixote , or, to give it its full title: The Ingenious Gentleman Don Quixote of La Mancha by Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra.
Kerry: So I take it that it's good?
John: Good doesn't even cover it. I mean, the book was written in 1605. Well, the fi rst part was written in 1605 and then there was a second part written ten years later but it's all published as one book now. It's great, really entertaining.
Kerry: So what is it you like about it?
John: I’ve always thought that, you know, books written in the 17th century would have fairly straight forward ideas in them. I mean, it was the 17th century, how complex could their thought have been?
Kerry: I know, I always imagine that they're still pretty much living in the dark ages.
John: Exactly. But this novel has been really enlightening. The author is using techniques that I hadn't realised existed back then.
Kerry: Like what?
John: Well, the biggest surprise was that the novel was self-referential.
Kerry: How do you mean?
John: You know how I said it was written in two parts?
Kerry: Yeah, ten years apart.
John: Yes. Well, the second part of the novel has characters in it that have read the fi rst part, which was really famous at the time, and know the story.
Kerry: Really, so the characters in the second part have the same knowledge as the reader? That seems like a trick they might use nowadays.
John: Doesn't it? It's like something from an art house movie. I was amazed. It's called a meta-fi ctional device. It makes the book seem really modern.
Kerry: What's the book about?
John: It follows the story of the eponymous protagonist who reads too many fi ctional books and starts to believe they're true and starts to believe he's a knight.
Kerry: Oh, so he was the origin of quixotism?
John: That's right!
约翰: 你知道吗?我一直都不愿意去读过去的文学作品,因为我以前认为那和我没有什么关系,不过有一本书吸引了我的眼球。
克丽: 哦,真的吗?你在读什么书呢?
约翰: 《堂吉诃德》,全称是《来自拉曼却的奇情异想的绅士堂吉诃德》,作者是米格尔·德·塞万提斯·萨维德拉。
克丽: 所以我想那本书挺好的,对吗?
约翰: 好不足以形容它。我的意思是说,这本书写于1605年。应该说,第一部分写于1605年,第二部分是10年以后写的,不过现在我们把这两部分合成一本书出版。这本书很棒,真的很有意思。
克丽: 那么你喜欢它什么呢?
约翰: 你知道吗,我一直以为写于17世纪的书应该是比较直白地表达主题吧。我是说,那是17世纪,那个时代的人思想能复杂到哪里去呢?
克丽: 我知道,我一直想象着他们仍然生活在黑暗的时代。
约翰: 没错。不过这本小说却很有启发性。我以前都没发觉那个时代还有人能使用这样的技巧来写小说。
克丽: 什么技巧呀?举个例子说说?
约翰: 嗯,最令我感到惊讶的是,这部小说是自我指涉的。
克丽: 那是什么意思呢?
约翰: 我说过它分为两部分,你记得吗?
克丽: 嗯,两部分相隔10年。
约翰: 嗯。小说的第二部分中有些人物读过第一部分的内容,了解前面的故事情节,这在当时是非常著名的。
克丽: 真的呀,那么第二部分中的人物和读者所知道的内容是一样的,是吗?那好像是现在的作家采用的技巧呀。
约翰: 不是吗?那就好像一部艺术片一样。我被它迷住了。它叫作元小说。这种特征让这本书显得很现代化。
克丽: 书的内容是什么呢?
约翰: 它讲述的是一个与书同名的主角的故事,他读小说读得太多了,于是开始相信小说中的故事都是真的,并且认为他自己是一个骑士。
克丽: 噢,所以他就是“堂吉诃德式性格”的来由,对吗?
约翰: 没错!
词汇注解
entertaining |
引起乐趣的,令人愉快的 |
enlightening |
有启发性的 |
self-referential |
自我指涉的 |
meta - fictional |
元小说,与小说有关的小说 |
eponymous |
(与书)同名的 |
quixotism |
堂吉诃德式性格 |