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伊斯兰教
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背景介绍
伊斯兰教是公元7世纪初阿拉伯半岛麦加人穆罕默德所创传的一神教。8世纪初，成为地跨欧亚非三洲的世界性宗教。其教义主要有：信仰安拉是唯一的神，穆罕默德是安拉的使者，信天使，信《古兰经》是安拉“启示”的经典，信世间一切事物都是安拉的“前定”,并信仰“死后复活”“末日审判”等。该教规定念清真言、礼拜、斋戒等为教徒必遵的“功课”,并针对当时阿拉伯社会情况定了若干制度和道德规范。主要节日有开斋节和古尔邦节。主要教派有逊尼和什叶两派。
情景对话
Alison: Mamut, I know you're Muslim, and you're one of the nicest guys I know… So why are there so many misconceptions about Islam?
Mamut: Thanks for being willing to ask a practicing Muslim for answers instead of listening to the misconceptions out there. The majority of Muslims are peaceful, respectful people. It's just a few fringe groups causing trouble and using religion as an excuse. Real Islam has nothing to do with terrorist groups.
Alison: What is real Islam about, then?
Mamut: Muslims believe in one all-powerful God we call Allah. The purpose of our existence is to submit to and serve Allah. We believe the Arabic Quran is the true revelation of God. To us Adam, Noah, Abraham, Moses, and Jesus were prophets. We also believe that Mohammed was the fi nal prophet.
Alison: So what does a Muslim do? How do you live your faith?
Mamut: To be a practicing Muslim, you have to follow the five pillars, the five basic acts considered obligatory for all believers. They are the shahadah or testimony, salat or daily prayers, zakah which is almsgiving, fasting during Ramadan, and hajj which is the pilgrimage to Mecca at least once in your lifetime. The Quran teaches that these fi ve acts are a framework for our worship and a sign of commitment to the faith.
Alison: Do all Muslims believe that?
Mamut: Most Muslims are either Sunni or Shiah and both denominations agree on the essential details of the fi ve pillars. The largest group is Sunni Muslims, we're about 80% of Muslims world-wide. The largest Muslim country is Indonesia, which has about 13% of the world's population of Islamic people. 25% are in South Asia, 20% are in the Middle East, and about 15% are in Africa. So we really are a world religion. There are sizable minorities in Europe, China, Russia, and America. There are over 1.2 billion followers, which is 19.6% of the earth's population.
Alison: I had no idea there were so many!
艾莉森： 马穆特，我知道你是穆斯林，你是我认识的最好的人之一了 …… 可为什么关于伊斯兰教有这么多误解呢？
马穆特： 谢谢你愿意来问一个虔诚的穆斯林，而不是听信那些误解。大部分穆斯林都是热爱和平、恭敬有礼的。只是几个边缘性的团体借宗教之名引起事端。真正的伊斯兰教和恐怖主义团体没有关系。
艾莉森： 那么，真正的伊斯兰教是怎样的？
马穆特： 穆斯林信仰一位全能的神，我们称其为真主。我们的存在就是为了顺从和侍奉真主。我们相信阿拉伯的《古兰经》是真主的启示。对我们而言，阿丹、努哈、易卜拉欣、穆萨、尔撒都是先知。我们也相信，穆罕默德是最后的先知。
艾莉森： 穆斯林都做些什么呢？你们如何实现你们的信仰呢？
马穆特： 作为虔诚的穆斯林，你要遵循五大功修，即所有穆斯林都必须做到的五大基本行为。它们是：念功（或称念清真言）、礼功（或称拜功）、课功（施舍）、（在斋月进行的）斋功和朝功（一生至少去麦加朝圣一次）。《古兰经》教我们：这五大功修是我们的信仰中的要素，也代表了我们对真主的虔诚信仰。
艾莉森： 所有的穆斯林都有这样的信仰吗？
马穆特： 大部分穆斯林不是逊尼派就是什叶派，这两派都奉行五大功修。其中人数最多的是逊尼派，全世界大约有80%的穆斯林是逊尼派。穆斯林人口最多的国家是印度尼西亚，全世界大约13%的伊斯兰教信徒在印度尼西亚；25%在南亚，20%在中东，15%在非洲。所以伊斯兰教的确是世界性的宗教。在欧洲、中国、俄罗斯和美国也有相当多的穆斯林。穆斯林人数超过12亿，占世界人口的19.6%。
艾莉森： 我以前都不知道穆斯林人数这么多呀！
词汇注解
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misconception |
误解 |
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fringe |
边缘的 |
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submit to |
服从，顺从 |
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revelation |
启示 |
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fasting |
禁食，斋戒 |
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sizable |
相当大的，很大的 |
