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09 |
耶路撒冷
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背景介绍
耶路撒冷位于亚洲西部巴勒斯坦地区的中部，居民主要为阿拉伯人和犹太人。相传古犹太王所罗门在此建造“圣殿”后，成为犹太人政治和宗教的中心。基督教相信耶稣被钉死于此，伊斯兰教相信穆罕默德曾在此登霄，故犹太教、基督教和伊斯兰教都奉为“圣地”。
情景对话
Marcus: You know what I’ve always wondered? What's so special about Jerusalem? I mean, you hear of the troubles in the Middle East and all the fi ghting that happens between Israel and Palestine. Why is everyone fi ghting over the same little place?
Renee: Well, in reality, it's kind of complex. But one thing to think about is that Jerusalem is very important to three of the major religions in the world. Christians, Jews, and Muslims all see Jerusalem as a holy city.
Marcus: Why do all these religions see Jerusalem as holy?
Renee: For Jewish people, the city is holy because the Torah reports Jerusalem as first established by King David as the capital of the Kingdom of Israel. Later Solomon's Temple was built in Jerusalem by his son, King Solomon. For Jewish people, the temple is the most sacred place on earth. For Christians, the city is holy because Jesus was crucifi ed here. In Sunni Islam, Jerusalem is the third most holy city in the world after Mecca and Medina. It was the fi rst Qibla, or focal point for Muslim prayer and according to the Quran , Muhammad ascended to heaven in Jerusalem. For almost 3000 years, Jerusalem has been sacred to Judaism. For Christianity the city has been important for nearly 2000 years. And to Islam, Jerusalem has been sacred for approximately 1400 years. So, even though the old part of Jerusalem has an area of only 0.9 square kilometers, it is so very important to many religions. The Old City has the Temple Mount and its Western Wall, the Church of the Holy Sepulchre, and the Dome of the Rock Mosque.
Marcus: Sounds like a lot to fi ght over!
Renee: No kidding. It's one of the oldest cities in the world, and throughout history it has been destroyed twice, attacked 52 times, besieged 23 times, and captured and recaptured 44 times. In modern times, Jerusalem is still one of the core issues in the conflict between Israel and Palestine. The Old City is a World Heritage site, and it is on the list of World Heritage in Danger.
Marcus: No wonder why they would consider it in danger…
马库斯： 你知道我一直困惑什么吗？耶路撒冷有什么特别之处吗？我的意思是，你听说过中东地区的战乱吧，就是以色列和巴勒斯坦之间多年的战争。为什么他们要争夺那么小的一块地方？
勒妮： 哦，实际上这是个很复杂的问题。不过有一件事值得注意：耶路撒冷对于三个世界主要宗教来说都非常重要。基督教信徒、犹太教信徒和穆斯林都把耶路撒冷视为圣城。
马库斯： 为什么这三个宗教都把耶路撒冷看得如此神圣呢？
勒妮： 对于犹太教信徒而言，耶路撒冷是圣城，因为根据《律法书》,大卫王建成了耶路撒冷，并把它定为以色列王国的首都。后来，他的儿子所罗门王在耶路撒冷建了所罗门圣殿。对于犹太教信徒来说，这个圣殿是世界上最神圣的地方。对于基督教信徒来说，耶路撒冷是耶稣被钉在十字架上受难的地方，因此它是很神圣的。对于伊斯兰教逊尼派而言，耶路撒冷是继麦加和麦地那之后的第三大圣城，也是穆斯林祷告中的第一个焦点。根据《古兰经》,穆罕默德就是在耶路撒冷升天的。近3000年来，犹太教一直视耶路撒冷为神圣之地。近2000年来，基督教一直以此城为重。近1400年来，伊斯兰教一直视其为圣城。因此，虽然耶路撒冷的旧城只有0.9平方公里，但它对很多宗教来说都极为重要。旧城有圣殿山、哭墙、圣墓教堂和圆顶清真寺。
马库斯： 听上去是有许多值得争斗的意义呀！
勒妮： 这可不是开玩笑的。它是世界上最古老的城市之一。历史上，它被摧毁过两次，被侵袭过52次，被包围过23次，被夺取过44次。在现代，耶路撒冷仍旧是以色列和巴勒斯坦争端的核心焦点之一。耶路撒冷旧城是一个世界遗址，被列入“濒危世界遗产”列表。
马库斯： 难怪人们把这里视作濒危地区 ……
词汇注解
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complex |
复杂的 |
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sacred |
神圣的 |
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crucify |
把（某人）钉死在十字架上 |
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ascended to heaven |
升天 |
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besiege |
围攻，包围 |
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heritage |
遗产 |
