下载掌阅APP，畅读海量书库
立即打开
26. The French in Acadia. —For nearly forty years after the destruction of the colony on the River of May, Frenchmen were too busy fighting oneanother at home to send any more colonists to America. At length, in 1604, a few Frenchmen settled on an island in the St. Croix River. But the place was so cold and windy that after a few months they crossed the Bay of Fundy and founded the town of Port Royal. The country they called Acadia.
Settlement of Acadia, 1604.
Port Royal.
Champlain at Plymouth.
Quebec founded, 1608.Champlain on Lake Champlain, 1609.
27. Champlain and his Work. —The most famous of these colonists was Champlain. He sailed along the coast southward and westward as far as Plymouth. As he passed by the mouth of Boston harbor, a mist hung low over the water, and he did not see the entrance. Had it been clear he would have discovered Boston harbor and Charles River, and French colonists might have settled there. In 1608 Champlain built a trading-post at Quebec and lived there for many years as governor or chief trader. He
He attacks the Iroquois. Explorers, 269-278.
French missionaries and traders.They visit Lake Superior and Lake Michigan.The Jesuits and their work.
soon joined the St. Lawrence Indians in their war parties and explored large portions of the interior. In 1609 he went with the Indians to a beautiful lake. Far away to the east were mountains covered with snow. To the south were other mountains, but with no snow on their tops. To the lake the explorer gave his own name, and we still call it in his honor, Lake Champlain. While there, he drove away with his firearms a body of Iroquois Indians. A few years later he went with another war party to western New York and again attacked the Iroquois.
28. The French on the Great Lakes. —Champlain was the first of manyFrench discoverers. Some of these were missionaries who left home and friends to bring the blessings of Christianity to the Red Men of the western world. Others were fur-traders, while still others were men who came to the wilderness in search of excitement. These French discoverers found Lake Superior and Lake Michigan; they even reached the headwaters of the Wisconsin River—a branch of the Mississippi.
29. The French Missionaries. —The most active of the French missionaries were the Jesuits. They built stations on the shores of the Great Lakes. They made long expeditions to unknown regions. Some of them were killed by those whom they tried to convert to Christianity. Others were robbed and left to starve. Others still were tortured and cruelly abused. But the prospect of starvation, torture, and death only made them more eager to carry on their great work.
CHAMPLAIN’S ATTACK ON AN IROQUOIS FORT.
30. The Iroquois. —The strongest of all the Indian tribes were the nations who formed the League of the Iroquois. Ever since Champlain fired upon them they hated the sight of a Frenchman. On the other hand, they looked upon the Dutch and the English as their friends. French missionaries tried to convert them to Christianity as they had converted the St. Lawrence Indians. But the Iroquois saw in this only another attempt at French conquest. So they hung red-hot stones about the missionaries’ necks, or they burned them to death, or they cut them to pieces while yet living. For a century and a half the Iroquois stood between the Dutch and English settlers and their common enemies in Canada. Few events, in American history, therefore, have had such great consequences as Champlain’s unprovoked attacks upon the Iroquois.
The League of the Iroquois.
Their hatred of the French. Its importance.
The missionaries and the Iroquois.
中文阅读
26.法国人在阿卡迪亚 ——大约在“五月河”的殖民地被摧毁后的40年里，法国人一直忙于国内征战，无暇向美洲派出更多的殖民者，终于，1604年，一些法国人来到圣库拉辛河的一座岛上，但是，这个地方天气寒冷而多风，几个月后，他们渡过芬迪湾并创建了一个镇子，这就是皇家港口，他们把这个地方叫做阿卡迪亚。
27.尚普兰和他的功业 ——这些殖民者中最著名的是尚普兰，他沿着海滨向南、向西航行，直到到达普利茅斯。当他经过波士顿港口时，水面上浮着一层雾，因此他没有看到入口，如果他看得清的话，他会发现波士顿港口和查尔斯河，那么，法国殖民者也将在那里停留下来。1608年，尚普兰在魁北克建成一个交易所，他在那里生活了许多年，既是总督也是重要的商人。尚普兰迅速加入圣劳伦斯印第安人的战斗，并在印第安人中夺得举足轻重的地位，1909年，他和印第安人来到一座美丽的湖畔，在这座湖的东方是覆盖着皑皑白雪的群山，湖的南面也是一些山，但这些山的山顶上没有雪，这位探险者将这座湖命名为“尚普兰湖”。今天我们为了纪念他仍然叫它尚普兰湖。在这个地方，尚普兰和他的火枪队赶走了易洛魁族的印第安人。几年后，他和印第安人内战的另一方到了纽约州的西部，并且他们再次攻击了易洛魁族人。
28.法国人与五大湖 ——尚普兰是发现五大湖的众多法国人中的第一个，这些法国人当中，一些是离开亲友向生活在西方世界的美洲印第安人传播基督福音的传教士，一些是皮货商，还有一些是到蛮荒地带寻求刺激的人。这些法国发现者发现了苏必利尔湖和密歇根湖，他们甚至到了威斯康星河的上游，这条河是密西西比河的一个分支。
29.法国传教士 ——法国传教士中最活跃的是耶稣会信徒，他们在五大湖畔建立站点，向未知地区做长途探险，他们当中，有的人试图让一些人皈依基督教，却被杀死；有的人被抢劫而忍饥挨饿，还有的人被拷打，受尽虐待。但是，饥饿、拷打和死亡只能使得他们更加渴望继续去完成他们的伟大使命。
30.易洛魁族人 ——印第安部族中最强大的是那些结成易洛魁族人联盟的人，自从尚普兰向他们发起攻击以来，他们就憎恨法国人。另一方面，他们把荷兰人和英国人当作朋友，法国传教士试图如同在圣劳伦斯那样说服印第安人皈依基督教，但是，易洛魁族人把这种努力视为法国征服他们的另一种方式。因此，他们在传教士的脖子上挂上烧红的石头，或者将传教士烧死，或者将他们活活地碎尸万段。150年的时间里，易洛魁族人生活在荷兰人、英国人和他们在加拿大的共同敌人之间。因此，在美国历史上，很少有哪个事件如同尚普兰无故攻击易洛魁族人这样产生巨大影响。