Group 1
approve[
]vt.批准,核准vi.赞成,称许【巧记】要想让别人赞许(approve),要先通过提高(improve)自己来证明(prove)自己。
【搭配】approve of同意:He doesn’t approve of my leaving school this year.他不同意我今年离开学校。
approval[
]n.[U]①赞成,同意②批准,认可【搭配】on approval货物满意可以退的,试用的
【例句】Several people nodded in approval.少数人点头表示赞同。
commerce[
]n.[U]商业,贸易【例句】Shanghai is a center of commerce in China.上海是中国的一个商业中心。
commercial[
]a.商业的,贸易的n.[C]商业广告【例句】Although it didn’t win any awards,the movie was still a commercial success.虽然没得奖,但那部电影的票房收入仍然很可观。
compose[
]vt.①组成,构成②创作(乐曲)③使平静,使镇静【巧记】词根pose是英语中的高频词根之一,其意为“put放”;com-(=together)+pose(=put)→put together→构成
【搭配】be composed of由……组成:An English word is composed of several letters.每个英文单词都是由几个字母组成的。
expose[
]vt.①暴露,显露②揭露,揭发③(底片)曝光【巧记】ex-(=out)+pose(=put);put out→显露
【例句】Paintings should not be exposed to direct sunlight.画作不应直接暴露在阳光下。
oppose[
]vt.反对,阻挠【巧记】op-(=against对抗)+pose(=put);put against→反对
【真题】Up to 70 percent of Germans oppose nuclear power.高达70%的德国人反对核电。
opposite[
]a.①对面的②相反的ad.在对面n.[C]对立面,对立物prep.与……相对【例句】Black is opposite to white.黑与白相对。
propose[
]v.①提议,建议②打算,计划③求婚【巧记】pro-(=forward向前)+pose(=put);put forward→把建议等拿到前面→提议
【用法】propose后接宾语从句时,从句一般用“(should+)动词原形”的形式。如:I propose we should have another meeting.我提议我们再开一次会。
proposal[
]n.①[C,U]提议,建议②[C]求婚【例句】The proposal that the hospital(should)be closed was rejected.关闭该医院的建议遭到了拒绝。
suppose[
]vt.①料想,猜想,以为②让,假定,假设③期望,认为应该【巧记】sup-(=under在下)+pose(=put);先把某物放到下面(作为基础)→猜想,假定
【例句】I suppose she will be late as usual.我想她会一如既往地迟到。
contrast[
]vt.对比,反比vi.对比之下显出区别n.[U,C]①对比,对照②悬殊差别,反差【巧记】contra-(相反),所以contrast的意思是找出两者的不同之处。
【搭配】by/in contrast对比之下‖in contrast to/with与……对比起来,与……形成对比
【例句】Kevin’s marks were poor but Jane’s were excellent by contrast.凯文的分数很糟,相比之下简的分数可以说是优异了。
【辨析】contrast较常用于不同种类的东西;compare则通常是用于比较类似的东西,如同种类的东西。Compare the size of these two apples.比较这两个苹果的大小。Contrast the size of the cherry and the watermelon.比较樱桃和西瓜的大小。
contrary[
]a.相反的,对抗的n.[C][the~]相反,相反的事物【搭配】on the contrary恰恰相反‖to the contrary相反的(地)
【辨析】on the contrary一般用于句首,说明与前面叙述的事相反;to the contrary一般置于修饰语之后。“You’ve nothing to do now,I think.”“On the contrary,I’m very busy.”“我想你现在无事可做了吧?”“恰恰相反,我忙得很呢!”
contradiction[
]n.[U,C]①矛盾,不一致②反驳,驳斥【巧记】contra-(相反)+dict(说)+-ion(名词后缀);说相反的话→反驳
【例句】This letter is in complete contradiction to her previous one.她的这封信和上一封互相矛盾。
contradictory[
]a.相互矛盾的,对立的【例句】Contradictory reports often appear in the newspapers.报纸上常有互相矛盾的报道。
diameter[
]n.[C]直径【巧记】直径(diameter)是以米(meter)来计量的。
【例句】The diameter of the Earth is about 13,000 km.地球的直径约为13 000千米。
geometry[
]n.[U]几何学thermometer[
]n.[C]温度计,体温计【巧记】thermo(热)+meter(仪表,计)
enable[
]vt.使能够,使有机会【巧记】前缀en-表示“使……”;en-+able(能……的)→使能够
【真题】Technology is enabling man to explore even deeper under the sea.科技使人类能够探测更深的海底。
counter①[
]n.[C]①柜台,柜台式长桌②(电子)计数器counter②[
]v.①反驳,驳斥②抵制,抵消ad.逆向地,相反地【例句】They countered our proposal with one of their own.他们针对我们的建议提出了自己的建议。
encounter[
]vt.&n.[C]遇到,遭遇【例句】I expect to encounter many difficulties in the course of this project.我估计进行这项计划时会碰到很多困难。
Group 2
enlarge[
]v.(使)增大,(使)扩大【巧记】en-+large(大的)→使变大
【例句】She enlarged the garden.她扩建了花园。
factor[
]n.[C]因素,要素【巧记】形近:factory工厂;factor因素
【例句】The weather could be a key factor in tomorrow’s game.天气必定是影响明天比赛的重要因素。
scold[
]vt.责骂,训斥【巧记】s+cold(冷的);责骂使人心冷
【例句】Don’t scold him;he is a mere child.别责备他,他只不过是个孩子。
elsewhere[
]ad.在别处,到别处【巧记】复合词是英语中常见的构词形式,复合词的意思一般由其各构成部分的意思组合而成。本词及以下单词为英语中常见的复合词,在此加以罗列,以便综合学习。
【例句】If you can’t find it here,I would look elsewhere.如果你在这里找不到,我会到别的地方找找看。
footstep[
]n.(常pl.)脚步声,足迹【例句】I heard his footsteps in the hall.我听见大厅里有他的脚步声。
furthermore[
]ad.而且,此外【例句】The house is too small,and furthermore,it’s too far from the office.这座房子太小,而且离办公地点也太远。
headquarters[
]n.(单复同)总部,大本营,司令部【巧记】head(头,头领)+quarters(住处,营房)
【例句】Our headquarters is in Hong Kong.我们的总部设在香港。
household[
]n.[C]家庭,户a.家庭的,家用的【真题】In most countries,the names of certain pop stars have become familiar to the members of every household.在大部分国家,一些流行明星的名字已经家喻户晓。
meantime[
]n.[U]其间ad.与此同时【搭配】in the meantime同时,于此际;另一方面
moreover[
]ad.而且,此外【真题】Schools should teach our kids various subjects,and moreover teach them how to tell right from wrong.学校应该教学生各种学科知识,同时更要教授他们如何明辨是非。
nevertheless[
]ad.仍然,然而,不过【例句】It may snow;nevertheless,I will go.可能会下雪,不过我还是会去。
northeast[
]n.(sing.)东北(方),东北部a.东北的,东北部的,来自东北的ad.向东北northwest[
]n.(sing.)西北(方),西北部a.西北的,西北部的,来自西北的ad.向西北
【例句】The wind is coming from the northwest.风从西北方吹来。
southwest[
]n.[U]西南(方),西南部ad.向西南a.西南方的,来自西南的outstanding[
]a.杰出的,明显的【巧记】out(出来)+standing(站着的);站出来的→杰出的
【例句】She is an outstanding actress.她是位杰出的演员。
somehow[
]ad.①以某种方式,用某种方法②不知怎么地【例句】The book has disappeared somehow.那本书不知怎么就不见了。
sometime[
]ad.将来某个时候,过去某个时候a.以前的,一度的【例句】We’ll meet again sometime next week.下星期的某个时间我们将再见面。
【辨析】some time名词短语,表示某一段时间,也可表达sometime的意义。some times名词短语,表示“几次,几倍”。sometime指某一个不明确的时间,用过去时态、将来时态都可以。sometimes表示“有时,间或”,用来描述现在或过去常发生的事。
somewhat[
]ad.稍微,有点儿【搭配】somewhat of有几分,有点儿:He is somewhat of a fool.他有点儿傻。
textbook[
]n.[C]教科书,课本【例句】This is a textbook on grammar.这是一本语法教材。
throughout[
]prep.&ad.①遍及②自始至终,贯穿整个时期【例句】The house is beautifully decorated throughout.整栋房子都被装修得美轮美奂。
whichever[
]pron.&a.无论哪个/些【例句】It takes three hours,whichever route you take.不论走哪条路都要三小时。
whoever[
]pron.①谁②无论谁,不管谁【例句】Whoever wants to speak to me on the phone,tell them I’m busy.不管谁要我接电话,就说我现在正忙着呢。
Exercise
1.White teeth are a sharp___to black skin.
A.content
B.contract
C.contrast
D.contain
2.To improve the quality of our products,we asked for suggestions___had used the products.
A.whoever
B.who
C.whichever
D.which
3.The publications of his novels on history will certainly___his reputation.
A.improve
B.enlarge
C.broaden
D.widen
4.She doesn’t want to take her new boyfriend home in case her parents don’t___of him.
A.prove
B.approve
C.proof
D.improve
答案:
1.C。白牙齿与黑皮肤形成鲜明的对比。content内容;contract合同;contrast对比;contain容纳。
2.A。为了提高产品质量,我们征求任何用过我们产品的人的建议。whoever任何人;who谁;whichever任何一个;which哪一个,哪一些。
3.B。他的历史小说的出版一定会扩大他的名气。enlarge one’s reputation为固定搭配,表示“扩大名气”;improve提高;broaden使广阔;widen使变宽。
4.B。她不愿把新男朋友带回家,怕父母看不中他。approve of同意;prove证明;proof证据;improve提高,提升。