b.   Nanking and Pukow

Nanking was the old capital of China before Peking, and is situated in a fine locality which comprises high mountains, deep water and a vast level plain—a rare site to be found in any part of the world. It also lies at the center of a very rich country on both sides of the lower Yangtze. At present, although ruined and desolate, it still has a population of over a quarter of a million. Once it was the home of many industries especially silk and now the finest satin and velvet are still produced here. Nanking has yet a greater future before her when the resources of the lower Yangtze Valley are properly developed.

In the regulation of the Yangtze I propose to cut away the town of Hsiakwan, so that the wharf of Nanking could be removed into the deep channel between Metsechow and the outskirt of Nanking. This channel should be blocked up, thereby a wet dock could be formed to accommodate all ocean-going vessels. This point is much nearer the inhabited parts of the city than Hsiakwan. And the land between this projected wet dock and the city could form a new commercial and industrial quarter which would be many times larger than Hsiakwan.Metsechow in time, when commerce grows, may also be developed into city lots and business quarters. For the future development of Nanking the land within and without the city should be taken up at the present price under the same principle which I have proposed for the Projected Port at Chapu.

依吾整治长江计划，则在镇江前面，吾人既以大幅余地，在六英方里以上者，加入镇江。此项大江南面新填之余地，当利用以为吾人新镇江之都市计划。而江北沿岸之地，亦当由国家收用，以再建一都市。盖以黄河流域全部，欲以水路与江通，惟恃此一口，故江北此一市当然超越江南之市也。镇江、扬州之间，须建船坞，以便内地船舶；又当加最新设备，以便内地船只与航洋船之间，盘运货物之用。此港既用以为东海岸食盐收集之中心，同时又为其分销之中心，如此则可用新式方法，以省运输之费。江之两岸须以石或士敏土坚结筑成堤岸，而更筑应潮高下之火车渡头，以便联络南北两岸铁路客车、货车之往来。至于商业发达之后，又需建桥梁于江上，且凿地道于江下，以便两岸货物来往。街道须令宽阔，以适合现代之要求。其临江街道及其附近，应预定为工商业所用。此区之后面，即为住宅，各种新式公共营造均应具备。至于此市镇计划详细之点，吾则让之专门家。

乙   南京、浦口

南京为中国古都，在北京之前，而其位置乃在一美善之地区。其地有高山，有深水，有平原，此三种天工，钟毓一处，在世界中之大都市诚难觅如此佳境也。而又恰居长江下游两岸最丰富区域之中心，虽现在已残破荒凉，人口仍有一百万之四分一以上。且曾为多种工业之原产地，其中丝绸特著，即在今日，最上等之绫及天鹅绒尚在此制出。当夫长江流域东区富源得有正当开发之时，南京将来之发达，未可限量也。

在整治扬子江计划内，吾尝提议削去下关全市，如是则南京码头当移至米子洲与南京外郭之间，而米子洲后面水道自应闭塞，如是则可以作成一泊船坞，以容航洋巨舶。此处比之下关，离南京市宅区域更近，而在此计划之泊船坞与南京城间旷地，又可以新设一工商业总汇之区，大于下关数倍。即在米子洲，当商业兴隆之后，亦能成为城市用地，且为商业总汇之区。此城市界内界外之土地，当照吾前在乍浦计划港所述方法，以现在价格收为国有，以备南京将来之发展。

Pukow, opposite Nanking, on the other side of the river, will be the great terminus of all the railways of the great northern plain to the Yangtze. It will be the nearest river port for the rich coal and iron fields of Shansi and Honan, giving access to the lower Yangtze district and hence to the sea. As the great transcontinental trunk line to the sea whether terminating at Shanghai or at our Projected Port, would pass through this point, the construction of a tunnel under the Yangtze to connect Nanking and Pukow by rail at the same time when the cities are being constructed, will not be at all premature. This will at once make possible a through train journey from Shanghai to Peking.

Concrete or stone embankment should be built along the shore above and below the present Pukow point many miles in each direction. Modern streets should be laid out on the land within the embankment so as to be ready for various building purposes. The land on the north side of the river should be taken up by the state for public uses of this international development scheme on the same basis as at our Projected Ports.

c.   Wuhu

Wuhu is a town of 120,000 inhabitants and is the center of the rice trade in the lower part of the Yangtze. It is at this point that I propose to make an intake of the water which will go to flush the Whangpoo River at Shanghai, and which will form the upper end of a canal to the sea at Chapu. In the regulating work of the Yangtze the concave part above the junction of the Yangki Ho has to be filled up and the convex part of the opposite side has to be cut away. The junction of the projected canal and the river will be at about a mile or so below the Lukiang junction. The projected canal will run northeast to a point between the southeast corner of Wuhu city and the foot of the hill. There it joins the Yangki Ho and, following the course as far as Paichiatien, branches off in the northeastern direction. This gives Wuhu a southeast waterfront along the left side of the canal. New bunds should be built along both sides of the canal as well as alongside the Yangtze and at the junction of the canal docks for inland vessels should be constructed with modern plants for transhipment of goods. Wide streets should be laid out from the Bund of the Yangtze far into the inland following the direction of the canal. The bund alongside the Yangtze should be reserved for commercial purposes and those alongside the canal for factories. Wuhu is in the midst of a rich iron and coal field, so it will surely become an industrial center when this iron and coal field is properly developed. Cheap materials, cheap labor, and cheap foodstuffs are abundant at the spot waiting for modern science and machinery to turn them into greater wealth for the benefit of mankind.

南京对岸之浦口，将来为大计划中长江以北一切铁路之大终点。在山西、河南煤铁最富之地，以此地为与长江下游地区交通之最近商埠，即其与海交通亦然。故浦口不能不为长江与北省间铁路载货之大中心，犹之镇江不能不为一内地河运中心也。且彼横贯大陆直达海滨之干线，不论其以上海为终点，抑以我计划港为终点，总须经过浦口。所以当建市之时，同时在长江下面穿一隧道以铁路联结此双联之市，决非躁急之计。如此，则上海、北京间直通之车，立可见矣。

现在浦口上下游之河岸，应以石建或用士敏土坚结，成为河堤，每边各数英里。河堤之内应划分为新式街道，以备种种目的建筑所需。江之此一岸陆地，应由国家收用，一如前法，以为此国际发展计划中公共之用。

丙   芜湖

芜湖为有居民十二万之市镇，且为长江下游米粮市易之中心，故吾择取此点为引水冲刷上海黄浦江底之接水口，而此口亦为通上海或乍浦之运河之上口。在整治长江工程之内，青弋河合流点上面之凹曲部分应行填塞，而对岸突出之点则应削去。此所计划之运河，起于鲁港合流点下游约一英里之外。此运河应向北东走，至芜湖城东南角，与山脚中间一点，与青弋河相合；更于濮家店，循此河之支流以行。如此，则芜湖东南循此运河左岸，得一临水之地。运河两旁，应建新堤，一如长江两岸。且建船坞于运河通大江之处，以容内地来往船只，加以近代之机械，供盘运货物过船之用。自江岸起，向内地，循运河之方向，规划广阔之街道，其近江者留以供商业之需，其沿运河者则留为制造厂用地。芜湖居丰富铁矿区之中心，此铁矿既得相当开发之时，芜湖必能成为工业中心也。芜湖有廉价材料、廉价人工、廉价食物，且极丰裕，专待现世之学术与机器，变之以为更有价值之财物，以益人类耳。

d.   Anking and South Side

Anking, the capital of Anhwei, was once a very important city but since its destruction by the Taiping war it has never recovered its former greatness. Its present population is about 40,000 only. Its immediate neighborhood is very rich in mineral and agricultural products. The great tea district of Liu-an and the rich mineral district in the southeastern corner of Honan province will have to make Anking their shipping port when railways are developed. In the Yangtze Conservancy work, the concave turn of the river in front and west of the city has to be filled up. This reclaimed land should be for the extension of a new city, where modern transportation plants should be built.

Eagle Point, on the south side opposite Anking should be cut away to make the river curve more gently and to give the channel a uniform width. A new city should be laid out at this point, for from here we command the vast tea districts of southern Anhwei and western Chekiang. The rich inland city of Hweichow, with the highly productive country around it, will have to make this port its shipping station. As Wuhu is the center of the rice trade these twin cities of Anking will be the centers of the tea trade. Like Wuhu, these twin cities are also situated in the midst of rich iron and coal fields which will assist them to become important industrial centers in the near future. So to build twin cities at this point of the river will be a very profitable undertaking.

丁   安庆及南岸

安庆者，安徽之省城，自从经太平天国战争破坏之后，昔日之盛不可复睹矣。现在人口仅有四万。其直接邻近之处，农产、矿产均富。若铁路既成，则六安大产茶区，与河南省之东南角矿区，均当以安庆为其货物出入之港。在治江工程中，安庆城前面及西边之江流曲处，应行填筑。此填筑之地，即为推扩安庆城建新市街之用。所有现代运输机械，均应于此处建之。

在安庆城对面上游江岸最突出之地角，应行削去，使江流曲度更为和缓，而全河之广亦得一律。新市街即当在此处建造，因皖南、浙西之大产茶区，将于此处指挥掌握之也。如以徽州之内地富饶市镇，又有产出极盛之乡土环绕之，则必求此地以为其载货出入之中站明矣。以芜湖为米市中心言，则此安庆之双联市将为茶市中心，而此双联市之介在丰富煤铁矿区中心，又恰与芜湖相等。此又所以助兹港使于短期之间成为重要工业中心者也。故在长江此部建此双联市，必为大有利益之企业。

e.   The Poyang Port

I propose to construct a port at a point between the Poyang Lake and the Yangtze River. This will be the sole port of the Kiangsi province. Every city of this province is connected by natural waterways which, if improved, will become a splendid water transportation system. The province of Kiangsi has a population of 30,000,000 and is extremely rich in mineral resources. A modern port acting as a commercial and industrial center for the development of this resourceful province would be a most remunerative proposition in our project.

The site of the port will be on the west side of the entrance to the Poyang Lake and the right bank of the Yangtze. It will be an entirely new city built on new ground, part of which will be reclaimed from the shallow side of the lake. In the regulating work of the Poyang Channel, a training wall should be built from the foot of the Taku Tang Hill to Swain Point opposite to Stone Bell Hill of Hukow. A closed dock should be constructed within this training wall for the accommodation of inland water vessels. The city should be laid out on the triangular space formed by the right bank of the Yangtze, the left side of the Poyang Lake and the foot hill of the Lushan Mountain. This triangle is about 10 miles on each side, excellent for city development. The porcelain industry should be established here instead of at Kingteh Chen, for great damages often occur owing to the lack of transportation facilities, and to the necessity of transhipment for the export of the finished articles from the latter place. Modern plants on a large scale should be adopted for the manufacturing of cheap wares as well as fine articles in our projected Poyang Port, for here we shall have the greater advantage of collecting raw materials than at Kingteh Chen. Thus the concentrating of the various manufactures in an advantageous center will result in quickening the growth of our new city. This Poyang Port is bound to grow into one of the great commercial and manufacturing centers in China, judging from the possibilities of Kiangsi alone. It will not only be a great shipping port of the Yangtze but will also be a railway center between North and South China. Thus to develop this port on a large scale is quite justifiable from an economic point of view.

f.   Wuhan

Wuhan signifies the three cities of Wuchang, Hankow, and Hanyang. This point is the headwater of our projected ocean passage, the pivot of the railway system of China Proper, and will become the most important commercial metropolis in the country. The population of these three cities is over a million and could be easily doubled or trebled if improvements would be made. At present, Hanyang possesses the largest iron works in China, and Hankow, many modern industries, while Wuchang is becoming a great cotton manufacturing city. Besides, Hankow is the trade center of Central and West China, and the greatest tea market we have. The provinces of Hupeh, Hunan, Szechuen, and Kweichow and a part of Honan, Shensi, and Kansu all depend upon Hankow as their only port in the outside world. When railways are developed in China, Wuhan will be still more important and will surely become one of the greatest cities in the world. So in planning the future city of Wuhan we must adopt for its development a scale as large as that of New York or London.

戊   鄱阳港

吾欲于长江与鄱阳湖之间，建设一鄱阳港，此港将成为江西富省之惟一商埠矣。江西省每县均有自然水路联络之，若更加以改良，则必成宏伟之水路运输系统。江西有人民三千万，矿源最富，如有一新式商埠以为之工商业中心，以发展此富源饶裕之省分，则必为吾计划中最获利之一部分矣。

此港位置，应在鄱阳湖入口西端，长江右岸之处。此港应为新地之上所建之新市，其中一部之地，须由填筑湖边低地成之。在鄱阳湖水道整治工程之中，应建一范堤，起自大姑塘山脚，迄于湖口石钟山对面之低沙角。此范堤之内，应建造一有闸船坞，以便内河船舶寄泊。而此港市街则应设在长江右岸、鄱阳湖左侧、庐山山麓，合成之三角地。此三角地，每边约有十英里，以供市街发展，优良已极。景德镇磁器工业应移建之于此地。盖以运输便利缺乏之故，景德之磁常因之大受损坏，而出口换船之际，尤常使制成之磁器碰损也。此地应采用最新大规模之设备，以便一面制造最精良之磁器，一面复制廉价之用具。盖此地收集材料，比之在景德镇更为便宜也。以各种制造业集中于一便利之中心，其结果不特使我计划之港长成迅速，且于所以奉给人者亦可更佳良。但以江西一省观之，鄱阳湖已必为世界商业制造之大中心。鄱阳湖非特长江中一泊船港，又为中国南北铁路之一中心。所以从经济上观之，以大规模发展此港者，全然非不合宜者也。

己   武汉

武汉者，指武昌、汉阳、汉口三市而言。此点实吾人沟通大洋计划之顶水点，中国本部铁路系统之中心，而中国最重要之商业中心也。三市居民数过百万，如其稍有改进，则二三倍之，决非难事。现在汉阳已有中国最大之铁厂，而汉口亦有多数新式工业，武昌则有大纱厂。而此外，汉口更为中国中部、西部之贸易中心，又为中国茶之大市场。湖北、湖南、四川、贵州四省，及河南、陕西、甘肃三省之各一部，均恃汉口以为与世界交通唯一之港。至于中国铁路既经开发之日，则武汉将更形重要，确为世界最大都市中之一矣。所以为武汉将来立计划，必须定一规模，略如纽约、伦敦之大。

In the regulation of the Yangtze embankments, we have to reclaim the front of Hankow from the jetty of Lungwangmiao at the junction of the Han River right along the left bank to the point where the Yangtze turns eastward. This reclaimed space will be at an average of about 500 to 600 yards wide. This will narrow down the river at this part to give a uniform channel of 5 to 6 cables in width and to give the Hankow settlement a strip of valuable land along its waterfront. This will also help to pay a part of the expenses for city construction. The sharp bend of the Han River just before it joins the Yangtze should be straightened so as to make a gentler curve around Lungwangmiao Point and thus enable the currents of both rivers to flow in the same direction at their junction. The Hanyang embankment will follow pretty closely the present shore line but not beyond the iron works jetty. The wide space of the river above Wuchang city should be walled in to make a closed dock for inland water as well as ocean going vessels. Below Wuchang, an embankment parallel to that of the left side should be built so as to make the future city extend far below the present one. A tunnel should be constructed to connect both embankments at a point where the Kinghan railway makes its first turn when it comes to the Yangtze River. And another tunnel or bridge should be constructed between Hankow and Hanyang on one side and Wuchang on the other at the junction of the Han River and the Yangtze. Additional tunnels or bridges may be constructed at different points when the city grows larger in the future. All the outlying land of these trio-cities should be taken up on the same basis as at our projected seaports, so that private monopoly and speculation in land may be prevented, and that the unearned increment will go to the State to help the payment of capital and interest on the foreign loans which are to be made in this international development scheme.

在整治长江堤岸，吾人须填筑汉口前面，由汉水合流点龙王庙渡头起，迄于长江向东屈折之左岸一点。此所填之地，平均约阔五百码至六百码。如是，所以收窄此部分之河，全河身一律有五六链（每链为一海里十分之一）之阔，又令汉口租界得一长条之高价土地于其临江之处也。此部之价，可以偿还建市所费之一部分。汉水将入江处之急激曲折，应行改直，于是以缓徐曲线绕龙王庙角，且使江汉流水，于其会合处向同一方面流下。汉阳河岸应密接现在之河边，沿岸建筑，毋突过于铁厂渡头之外。武昌上游广阔之空处，当圈为有闸船坞，以供内河外洋船舶之用。武昌下游应建一大堤，与左岸平行，则将来此市可远扩至于现在市之下面。在京汉铁路线，于长江边第一转变处，应穿一隧道过江底，以联络两岸。更于汉水口以桥或隧道，联络武昌、汉口、汉阳三城为一市。至将来此市扩大，则更有数点可以建桥，或穿隧道。凡此三联市外围之地，均当依上述大海港之办法收归国有，然后私人独占土地与土地之投机赌博，可以预防。如是则不劳而获之利，即自然之土地增价，利可尽归之公家，而以之偿还此国际发展计划所求之外债本息也。 t54HK3r8XCvY1zfmlFz6JvwHSeCDsFXbb0piGrsJbID0iIZl9kT8ZF/6itXL3tO9