池沼公鱼Hypomesus olidus (Pallas)

英文名： Pond smelt

地方名： 公鱼、黄瓜香

分类地位： 鲑形目，胡瓜鱼科，公鱼属

形态特征： 体长而侧扁，头长大于体高，尾柄较细。口端位，口裂较大，上下颌具绒毛状细齿，上颌骨后延至眼下缘。眼大。侧线不完全。背鳍与腹鳍相对。胸鳍较小。具脂鳍。背鳍ii- 7~11；臀鳍ii- 11~17。纵列鳞55~63。背部呈淡褐色或浅草绿色，体侧银白色，背部鳞片边缘有暗色小斑。各鳍灰黑色。

生态习性： 冷水性鱼类，栖息于水温低、水质清澈的水域中，喜在岸边集群游动。食性以浮游动物为主。为1 年生鱼类，少数可存活到第二年。

地理分布： 原产于黑龙江。20 世纪90 年代引入宁夏。

经济价值： 小型经济鱼类，肉质细嫩具清香味，具有一定的经济价值。

ENGLISH NAME：Pond smelt

LOCAL NAME：Gongyu; Huangguaxiang

CLASSIFICATION：Salmoniformes；Osmeridae; Hypomesus

MORPHOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS: Long body in compressed shape; head is longer than body’s width, and the caudal eduncle is slender; terminal mouth; big rima oris; the viliform thin teeth grow both in upper jaw and lower jaw, and maxilla extends back to eye’s lower margin; big eyes, incompleted lateral line; dorsal fin is opposite to ventral fin; pectoral fin is relatively small; it has adipose fin; dorsal fin ii-7~11; anal fin ii-11~ 17; scales in tandem 55~63; its back is in hazel or light prasinous, body side is silvery white; the margin of back scales have small dark spots; fins are grey black.

ECOLOGICAL HABITS：It is a coldwater fish, which inhabits in clear water area with low wa-ter temperature, and likes to swim around banks in group. It lives on zooplankton; its life lasts for one year, and only a few of them may live for two years.

GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: It is originated from Heilongjiang and was introduced in Ningxia in 1990's.

ECONOMIC VALUE：It is a minitype commercial fish with delicious taste, faint scent and a certain economic value. 2TXJrWLQwPNx7vpIyxNPump9J9JMU4hrzzRRA2FdmKoWE3YZBGR0w7nTf3mrjg8G