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After the guests had gone, father threw himself into a chair and gave vent to roars of Gargantuan laughter. Not since the death of my mother had I known him to laugh so heartily.
客人走后，父亲把身子猛地倒在椅子里，发泄似的放声大笑起来。自从我母亲去世后，我还从没听到他如此发自内心地笑过。
Ill wager Dr. Hammerfield was never up against anything like it in his life, he laughed. ‘"The courtesies of ecclesiastical controversy! " Did you notice how he began like a lamb—Everhard, I mean, and how quickly he became a roaring lion? He has a splendidly disciplined mind. He would have made a good scientist if his energies had been directed that way.
“我敢打赌，哈默菲尔德博士这辈子没碰过这么大的钉子。” 他笑着说， “ ‘教会论战的规矩！你注意到了吗，开始时他多像一只小绵羊——我说的是埃弗哈德，但只一眨眼的工夫，他就变成了一头怒吼的雄狮。他的思维十分严谨。如果投身于科学，他一定会成为一名优秀的科学家。”
I need scarcely say that I was deeply interested in Ernest Everhard. It was not alone what he had said and how he had said it, but it was the man himself. I had never met a man like him. I suppose that was why, in spite of my twenty—four years, I had not married. I liked him; I had to confess it to myself. And my like for him was founded on things beyond intellect and argument. Regardless of his bulging muscles and prize—fighters throat, he impressed me as an ingenuous boy. I felt that under the guise of an intellectual swashbuckler was a delicate and sensitive spirit. I sensed this, in ways I knew not, save that they were my womans intuitions.
不用说，我对欧内斯特·埃弗哈德产生了浓厚的兴趣。我不仅对他所说的话和说话的方式感兴趣，而且对他本人也十分感兴趣。我从没遇见过像他那样的男人。我猜想，这就是为什么我活到24岁还没有结婚的原因。我喜欢他，我不得不对自己坦白。我对他的喜欢超出理性，不需要理由。尽管他有鼓起的肌肉和拳击手般的脖子，可他给我的印象却像是一个天真无邪的孩子。我感到，在他卖弄才华、夸夸其谈的外表下隐藏着一个脆弱而敏感的灵魂。我察觉到了，但我也不明白自己是怎么觉察到的，也许这就是我作为女性的直觉吧。
There was something in that clarion—call of his that went to my heart. It still rang in my ears, and I felt that I should like to hear it again—and to see again that glint of laughter in his eyes that belied the impassioned seriousness of his face. And there were further reaches of vague and indeterminate feelings that stirred in me. I almost loved him then, though I am confident, had I never seen him again, that the vague feelings would have passed away and that I should easily have forgotten him.
他那号角般的声音里蕴含着的某些东西打动了我的心。这声音仍在我耳边回响着，我想要再一次聆听，还想再一次看到他眼中闪烁的笑意，这笑意让我对他那严肃而又热切的表情产生了错觉。此外，还有些模糊不定的情绪困扰着我。我几乎当时就爱上了他，尽管我相信，如果我再也见不到他，那种模糊的情绪定会消失，而我也会很容易地忘了他。
But I was not destined never to see him again. My fathers new—born interest in sociology and the dinner parties he gave would not permit. Father was not a sociologist. His marriage with my mother had been very happy, and in the researches of his own science, physics, he had been very happy. But when mother died, his own work could not fill the emptiness. At first, in a mild way, he had dabbled in philosophy; then, becoming interested, he had drifted on into economics and sociology. He had a strong sense of justice, and he soon became fired with a passion to redress wrong. It was with gratitude that I hailed these signs of a new interest in life, though I little dreamed what the outcome would be. With the enthusiasm of a boy he plunged excitedly into these new pursuits, regardless of whither they led him.
但是命中注定，我不会再也见不到他。我父亲最近对社会学产生了兴趣，并且又时常举办晚宴，这使我得以再次遇见他。我父亲不是社会学家。他和母亲结婚后，生活一直非常幸福，而他做自己的本行——物理学研究时也觉得很快乐。但是母亲去世后，他自己的工作已经不能填补他内心的空虚了。起先，他稍稍涉足哲学，然后便对它产生了兴趣，并由此步入了经济学和社会学的领域。他有着强烈的正义感，并很快燃起了纠正世上一切错误的热情。虽然我没怎么去想结果会如何，但这些迹象表明他对生活有了新的寄托，使我十分欣慰。怀着孩子般的热忱，他兴奋地投身于这些新的研究，丝毫不管它们会将他带向何方。
He had been used always to the laboratory, and so it was that he turned the dining room into a sociological laboratory. Here came to dinner all sorts and conditions of men, —scientists, politicians, bankers, merchants, professors, labor leaders, socialists, and anarchists. He stirred them to discussion, and analyzed their thoughts of life and society.
他总是习惯于在实验室中生活，所以他把餐厅变成了社会学实验室。赴宴者的身份地位各不相同——有科学家、政客、银行家、商人、教授、工人领袖、社会主义者和无政府主义者。他鼓励他们展开讨论，并分析他们对生活和社会的想法。
He had met Ernest shortly prior to the preachers night. And after the guests were gone, I learned how he had met him, passing down a street at night and stopping to listen to a man on a soap—box who was addressing a crowd of workingmen. The man on the box was Ernest. Not that he was a mere soap—box orator. He stood high in the councils of the socialist party, was one of the leaders, and was the acknowledged leader in the philosophy of socialism. But he had a certain clear way of stating the abstruse in simple language, was a born expositor and teacher, and was not above the soap—box as a means of interpreting economics to the workingmen.
他在 “牧师之夜” 前不久才碰到欧内斯特。客人离开后，我了解了父亲遇见他的经过。有天晚上，他穿过一条大街时停了下来，听一个人站在肥皂箱上对一群工人演讲。这个站在箱子上的人就是欧内斯特。这并不是说，他只是个肥皂箱上的演说家。他在社会党委员会中的地位很高，是领导人之一，也是公认的社会主义哲学的权威。除此之外，他还能用简单的语言清晰地阐述深奥的道理。他天生就是一个解说者和老师，却又情愿站在肥皂箱上给工人讲解经济学。
My father stopped to listen, became interested, effected a meeting, and, after quite an acquaintance, invited him to the ministers dinner. It was after the dinner that father told me what little he knew about him. He had been born in the working class, though he was a descendant of the old line of Everhards that for over two hundred years had lived in America. 1 At ten years of age he had gone to work in the mills, and later he served his apprenticeship and became a horseshoer. He was self—educated, had taught himself German and French, and at that time was earning a meagre living by translating scientific and philosophical works for a struggling socialist publishing house in Chicago. Also, his earnings were added to by the royalties from the small sales of his own economic and philosophic works.
我父亲驻足聆听，对他非常感兴趣，于是便设法与他交谈，等到相当熟悉后，再邀请他来参加牧师们的宴会。直到晚宴结束，父亲才告诉我有关欧内斯特仅有的一点点信息。他出身于工人阶级，但却是在美国生活了两百多年的埃弗哈德家族的后裔。他十岁那年就进厂干活，后来他当了一阵子学徒，成为一名马蹄铁工。他的知识都是自学的。他自学了德语和法语，那个时候为了维持生计，他还帮芝加哥一家生意惨淡的社会党出版社翻译科学和哲学著作。此外，他自己也写些没什么销路的经济学和哲学作品，靠微薄的版税增加收入。
This much I learned of him before I went to bed, and I lay long awake, listening in memory to the sound of his voice. I grew frightened at my thoughts. He was so unlike the men of my own class, so alien and so strong. His masterfulness delighted me and terrified me, for my fancies wantonly roved until I found myself considering him as a lover, as a husband. I had always heard that the strength of men was an irresistible attraction to women; but he was too strong. No! no! I cried out. It is impossible, absurd! And on the morrow I awoke to find in myself a longing to see him again. I wanted to see him mastering men in discussion, the war—note in his voice; to see him, in all his certitude and strength, shattering their complacency, shaking them out of their ruts of thinking. But this knowledge stopped with the working class. To use his own phrase, it worked, it produced effects. And, besides, his swashbuckling was a fine thing to see. It stirred one like the onset of battle.
睡觉之前，我只听到这么多关于他的事。我躺着，好久睡不着，听着他的声音在脑海中回响。我渐渐开始害怕起自己的想法来。他与我这个阶层的男人如此不同，那么特别，又那么有力。他那种压倒众人的姿态让我既欣喜又害怕，因为我肆意地幻想着，直到我发现自己把他当作情人、丈夫一般看待。我常常听别人说，男人的力量对女人来说是一股不可抗拒的吸引力，可是他实在太强了。 “不！不！” 我喊了出来， “这不可能，太荒谬了！” 第二天早晨一醒来，我发现自己渴望再次见到他。我想看到他用充满战斗力的声音在辩论中力压群雄，想看到他用全部的信心和力量粉碎他们的自满情绪，把他们从自己一贯的思维方式中摇醒。如果他的确是虚张声势，那怎么办？用他自己的话说就是 “这有用” ，这确实有效果。再说，他的气势看起来真好。那气势就像一场战役正在拉开序幕，让人热血沸腾。
Several days passed during which I read Ernests books, borrowed from my father. His written word was as his spoken word, clear and convincing. It was its absolute simplicity that convinced even while one continued to doubt. He had the gift of lucidity. He was the perfect expositor. Yet, in spite of his style, there was much that I did not like. He laid too great stress on what he called the class struggle, the antagonism between labor and capital, the conflict of interest.
之后几天，我看了从父亲那里借来的欧内斯特的一些作品。他的文字和他说的话一样清晰又有说服力。他用相当简单的话就能说服一个满腹疑问的人。头脑清晰是他的天赋。他是最棒的解说家。然而，虽然他的语言风格很好，但书中有许多地方我并不喜欢。他太强调他所谓的阶级斗争、劳动者和资本家的对立，以及双方的利益冲突。
Father reported with glee Dr. Hammerfields judgment of Ernest, which was to the effect that he was an insolent young puppy, made bumptious by a little and very inadequate learning. Also, Dr. Hammerfield declined to meet Ernest again.
父亲高兴地告诉我哈默菲尔德博士对欧内斯特的评语，大意是 “一个粗野的毛头小子，以为懂了点皮毛就可以神气活现了。” 哈默菲尔德博士还表示不愿再与欧内斯特见面。
But Bishop Morehouse turned out to have become interested in Ernest, and was anxious for another meeting. A strong young man, he said; and very much alive, very much alive. But he is too sure, too sure.
但是莫尔豪斯主教却对欧内斯特产生了兴趣，而且渴望再见他一面。 “一个健壮的年轻人，” 他说， “非常有朝气，生气勃勃。但他太自以为是，太自以为是了。”
Ernest came one afternoon with father. The Bishop had already arrived, and we were having tea on the veranda. Ernests continued presence in Berkeley, by the way, was accounted for by the fact that he was taking special courses in biology at the university, and also that he was hard at work on a new book entitled Philosophy and Revolution. 2
一天下午，欧内斯特与我父亲一起来了。主教已经到了，我们正在走廊上喝茶。顺便提一下，欧内斯特之所以在伯克利逗留是因为他正在大学专修生物学的课程，并且他还致力于新书《哲学与革命》的创作。
The veranda seemed suddenly to have become small when Ernest arrived. Not that he was so very large—he stood only five feet nine inches; but that he seemed to radiate an atmosphere of largeness. As he stopped to meet me, he betrayed a certain slight awkwardness that was strangely at variance with his bold—looking eyes and his firm, sure hand that clasped for a moment in greeting. And in that moment his eyes were just as steady and sure. There seemed a question in them this time, and as before he looked at me over long.
欧内斯特一来，这个走廊似乎就变得小了很多。他并不是很高大，他身高不过五英尺九英寸，可看起来却似乎散发出着顶天立地的气势。当他停下来和我打招呼时，他露出一丝尴尬的神情，很奇怪，这神情同见面时他那大胆的目光和握了好一会儿的那双结实而笃定的手并不相称。在那一刹那，他的眼神同样坚定、沉着。而这一次，他的眼里好像有了一丝疑问，和前一次一样，他看了我好一会儿。
I have been reading your "Working—class Philosophy, I said, and his eyes lighted in a pleased way.
“我读过你的《工人阶级的哲学》。” 我一说，他的眼里马上闪出喜悦的光芒。
Of course, he answered, you took into consideration the audience to which it was addressed.
“那么，” 他回答， “你一定体会到了读者的心声。”
I did, and it is because I did that I have a quarrel with you, I challenged.
“是的，我体会到了，因此我要与你来一场辩论。” 我向他发出挑战。
I, too, have a quarrel with you, Mr. Everhard, Bishop Morehouse said.
“我也要与你辩论一场，埃弗哈德先生。” 莫尔豪斯主教说。
Ernest shrugged his shoulders whimsically and accepted a cup of tea.
欧内斯特奇怪地耸了下肩，接过一杯茶。
The Bishop bowed and gave me precedence.
主教鞠了一躬，示意让我先来。
You foment class hatred, I said. I consider it wrong and criminal to appeal to all that is narrow and brutal in the working class. Class hatred is anti—social, and, it seems to me, antisocialistic.
“你煽动阶级仇恨。” 我说， “我认为，在工人阶级中引起狭隘与残暴的心理是一种错误，一种犯罪。阶级仇恨是违背社会发展的，而且依我看，也是违背社会主义的。”
Not guilty, he answered. Class hatred is neither in the text nor in the spirit of anything I have ever written.
“我没有错。” 他反驳， “阶级仇恨从未出现在我的文章中，也从未出现在我任何文章的精神中。”
Oh! I cried reproachfully, and reached for his book and opened it.
“哦！” 我满怀谴责地叫了一声，伸手把他的书拿过来翻开。
He sipped his tea and smiled at me while I ran over the pages.
他抿了一口茶，微笑着看我翻书。
Page one hundred and thirty—two, I read aloud: ‘ “The class struggle, therefore, presents itself in the present stage of social development between the wage—paying and the wage—paid classes.”
“第132页，” 我大声地读了出来， “ ‘因此，在社会发展的现阶段，阶级斗争存在于资本家和工人之间。”
I looked at him triumphantly.
我得意地望着他。
No mention there of class hatred, he smiled back.
“这里并没有提到阶级仇恨啊。” 他笑着回应。
But, I answered, you say "class struggle. "
“但是，” 我回答， “你说了 ‘阶级斗争。”
A different thing from class hatred, he replied. And, believe me, we foment no hatred. We say that the class struggle is a law of social development. We are not responsible for it. We do not make the class struggle. We merely explain it, as Newton explained gravitation. We explain the nature of the conflict of interest that produces the class struggle.
“这与阶级仇恨不是一回事，” 他回答， “还有，相信我，我们绝对没有煽动什么仇恨。我们所说的阶级斗争是社会发展的规律。我们对此没有任何责任。我们也没有引起阶级斗争。我们只是解释了它，就像牛顿解释了万有引力一样。我们解释了引起阶级斗争的利益冲突的本质。”
But there should be no conflict of interest! I cried.
“可是根本就不该存在利益冲突啊！” 我叫嚷着。
I agree with you heartily, he answered. That is what we socialists are trying to bring about, —the abolition of the conflict of interest. Pardon me. Let me read an extract. He took his book and turned back several pages. Page one hundred and twenty—six: "The cycle of class struggles which began with the dissolution of rude, tribal communism and the rise of private property will end with the passing of private property in the means of social existence. "
“我由衷地同意你的看法。” 他说， “这就是我们社会主义者正在努力实现的目标——消灭利益冲突。请原谅。让我来念一段。” 他拿起自己的书往前翻了几页。 “第126页： ‘阶级冲突的循环始于原始部落共产主义的解体，而崛起的私有制又将随着社会存在方式中私有制的消亡而结束。”
But I disagree with you, the Bishop interposed, his pale, ascetic face betraying by a faint glow the intensity of his feelings. Your premise is wrong. There is no such thing as a conflict of interest between labor and capital—or, rather, there ought not to be. Thank you, Ernest said gravely. By that last statement you have given me back my premise.
“我可不同意你说的。” 主教插了进来，他那苍白的、苦行僧似的脸上微微泛红，泄露了他激动的情绪， “你的前提错了。工人与资本家之间根本就没有利益冲突这回事——或者说，就不应该有这回事。” “谢谢你，” 欧内斯特严肃地答道， “你所说的最后一句话正好印证了我的前提。”
Ernest shrugged his shoulders. Because we are so made, I guess.
欧内斯特耸耸肩。 “我猜，因为我们生来就是如此吧。”
But we are not so made! cried the other.
“但是我们生来可不是这样！” 另一方大声叫着。
Are you discussing the ideal man? Ernest asked, ‘—unselfish and godlike, and so few in numbers as to be practically non—existent, or are you discussing the common and ordinary average man?
“你是在谈论理想中的人吗？” 欧内斯特问道， “那种大公无私、贤若神明、凤毛麟角的，确切地讲并不存在的人吗？或者你所说的是寻常、一般的普通人呢？”
The common and ordinary man, was the answer.
“一般的普通人。” 主教回答道。
Who is weak and fallible, prone to error?
“那些软弱不堪，时常犯错的人？”
Bishop Morehouse nodded.
莫尔豪斯主教点点头。
And petty and selfish?
“小气又自私的？”
Again he nodded.
他再次点头。
Watch out! Ernest warned. I said "selfish. "
“注意！” 欧内斯特发出警告， “我说的是 ‘自私。”
The average man IS selfish, the Bishop affirmed valiantly.
“一般人就是自私的。” 主教大胆地承认。
Wants all he can get?
“想要他们能得到的一切？”
Wants all he can get—true but deplorable.
“想要他们能得到的一切——可悲的事实。”
Then Ive got you. Ernests jaw snapped like a trap.
“那我可抓住你了。” 欧内斯特的嘴巴猛地一合，活像一个陷阱。
Let me show you. Here is a man who works on the street railways.
“让我解释给你听吧。比如有一个人在有轨电车上工作。”
He couldnt work if it werent for capital, the Bishop interrupted.
“没有资本家，他就不可能有工作。” 主教打断他。
True, and you will grant that capital would perish if there were no labor to earn the dividends.
“是的，但你也必须承认，没有工人为他们挣钱，资本家也会完蛋。”
The Bishop was silent.
主教沉默了。
Wont you? Ernest insisted.
“不是吗？” 欧内斯特追问了一句。
The Bishop nodded. Then our statements cancel each other, Ernest said in a matter—of—fact tone, and we are where we were. Now to begin again. The workingmen on the street railway furnish the labor. The stockholders furnish the capital. By the joint effort of the workingmen and the capital, money is earned. 3 They divide between them this money that is earned. Capitals share is called "dividends. " Labors share is called "wages. "
主教点点头。 “这么说，我们所讲的相互抵消了。” 欧内斯特用平淡的语气说道， “我们还在原地。现在从头开始。在电车上工作的工人们提供劳动。股东们提供资金。通过资本家和工人的共同努力，钱就赚来了。他们把所赚的钱分配一下。资本家所得的叫 ‘红利。工人所得的叫 ‘工资。”
Very good, the Bishop interposed. And there is no reason that the division should not be amicable.
“很好，” 主教插话道， “所以没有理由不和和气气地分配收入。”
You have already forgotten what we had agreed upon, Ernest replied. We agreed that the average man is selfish. He is the man that is. You have gone up in the air and are arranging a division between the kind of men that ought to be but are not. But to return to the earth, the workingman, being selfish, wants all he can get in the division. The capitalist, being selfish, wants all he can get in the division. When there is only so much of the same thing, and when two men want all they can get of the same thing, there is a conflict of interest between labor and capital. And it is an irreconcilable conflict. As long as workingmen and capitalists exist, they will continue to quarrel over the division. If you were in San Francisco this afternoon, youd have to walk. There isnt a street car running.
“你已经忘了我们刚刚一致同意的事。” 欧内斯特应答道， “我们都同意，一般人都是自私的。这才是生活在现实世界的人。你脱离了现实，安排那些本应存在，但实际上并不存在的人分钱。然而回到现实，工人是自私的，想要得到他能在分配中所能得到的一切。资本家也是自私的，也想在分配中得到他所能得到的一切。要分配的东西只有那么多，双方都想得到他们所能得到的一切，这样就有了工人和资本家之间的利益冲突。而且这种冲突无法和解。只要工人与资本家还存在，他们就会因为利益分配的问题不停地争吵。如果你今天下午在旧金山，你就不得不走回家了。因为街上一辆有轨电车都没有了。”
Another strike? 4 the Bishop queried with alarm.
“又是罢工？” 主教惊慌地问道。
Yes, theyre quarrelling over the division of the earnings of the street railways.
“是的，他们正在为电车收入的分配问题争吵呢。”
Bishop Morehouse became excited.
莫尔豪斯主教激动起来了。
It is wrong! he cried. It is so short—sighted on the part of the workingmen. How can they hope to keep our sympathy.
“这是不对的！” 他叫嚷着， “工人们竟然如此目光短浅。他们怎么能期待博得我们的同情——”
When we are compelled to walk, Ernest said slyly.
“当我们不得不走路回家的时候。” 欧内斯特俏皮地说。
But Bishop Morehouse ignored him and went on:
但是莫尔豪斯主教不理睬他的话，继续说道：
Their outlook is too narrow. Men should be men, not brutes. There will be violence and murder now, and sorrowing widows and orphans. Capital and labor should be friends. They should work hand in hand and to their mutual benefit.
“他们的思想太狭隘了。人应该像人的样子，不能像野兽一样冷血。这样又会有暴力和谋杀，又会有伤心的寡妇和孤儿了。资本家与工人应该成为朋友。他们应当携手合作，互惠互利。”
Ah, now you are up in the air again, Ernest remarked dryly. Come back to earth. Remember, we agreed that the average man is selfish.
“啊，这会儿你又脱离现实了，” 欧内斯特冷冷地说， “回到现实吧。记住我们刚才达成的共识，一般人是自私的。”
But he ought not to be! the Bishop cried.
“但他们不应是这样的啊！” 主教大声嚷着。
And there I agree with you, was Ernests rejoinder. He ought not to be selfish, but he will continue to be selfish as long as he lives in a social system that is based on pig—ethics.
“这句话我同意。” 欧内斯特回应说， “他们不应该自私自利，但他们会一直自私自利下去，只要他们还活在以那些混蛋伦理学为基础的社会制度中。”
The Bishop was aghast, and my father chuckled.
主教十分震惊，而我父亲则吃吃地笑了起来。
Yes, pig—ethics, Ernest went on remorselessly. That is the meaning of the capitalist system. And that is what your church is standing for, what you are preaching for every time you get up in the pulpit. Pig—ethics! There is no other name for it.
“对，混蛋伦理学。” 欧内斯特无情地继续说着， “这就是资本主义体系的意义。这就是你们教会所代表的东西，就是你们每次站在讲道台上宣扬的道理。混蛋伦理学！真的找不到更合适的名称了。”
Bishop Morehouse turned appealingly to my father, but he laughed and nodded his head.
莫尔豪斯主教转过身，一脸哀求地望着我父亲，可是父亲只是微笑地点点头。
Im afraid Mr. Everhard is right, he said. Laissez—faire, the let—alone policy of each for himself and devil take the hindmost. As Mr. Everhard said the other night, the function you churchmen perform is to maintain the established order of society, and society is established on that foundation.
“我恐怕埃弗哈德先生是对的。” 他说， “不干涉主义，这放任的政策，人人都只顾自己，落后的就去见鬼。正如埃弗哈德先生那天晚上说的那样，你们这些教会中人起着维护社会秩序的作用，而社会秩序正是建立在这个基础上的。”
But that is not the teaching of Christ! cried the Bishop.
“可这并不是基督的教义啊！” 主教嚷嚷起来。
The Church is not teaching Christ these days, Ernest put in quickly. That is why the workingmen will have nothing to do with the Church. The Church condones the frightful brutality and savagery with which the capitalist class treats the working class.