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新闻背景导读
软饮料的品种很多。按原料和加工工艺分为碳酸饮料、果汁及其饮料、蔬菜汁及其饮料、植物蛋白质饮料、植物提取液饮料、乳酸饮料、矿泉水和固体饮料8类；按性质和饮用对象分为特种用途饮料、保健饮料、餐桌饮料和大众饮料4类。世界各国通常采用第一种分类方法。但在美国、英国等国家，软饮料不包括果汁和蔬菜汁。美国科学家最新研究发现，软饮料对于牙齿具有很强腐蚀性，软饮料腐蚀性堪比蓄电池酸液，专家建议用吸管并尽量少喝。经常喝软饮料的人要注意了。
新闻词汇热身
aggressive adj. 侵犯（略）的，挑衅的
checklist n. 清单，检查表
soda n. 苏打水，汽水
youngster n. 青年，年轻人
aggression n. 进攻，侵略，侵犯
association n. 协会，联盟，社团
possession n. 所有，占有；[pl.]所有物
physically adv. 按照自然规律
正点新闻播报
Children Who Drink Lots of Soft Drinks More Likely to Be Aggressive
A new study has found evidence of aggressive behavior in children who drink four or more servings of soft drinks every day. Information for the study came from the mothers of 3,0005-year-olds.
Researchers asked the women to keep a record of how many servings of soft drinks their children drank over a two-month period. The women were also asked to complete a checklist of their children's behavior.
The researchers found that 43 percent of the boys and girls drank at least one daily serving of soda , 4 percent of the youngsters had four or more sodas to drink every day.
Shakira Suglia is with Columbia University's Mailman School of Public Health in New York City. She worked on the study with researchers from the University of Vermont and Harvard University School of Public Health. She says they found that children who drank the most soda were more than two times as likely as those who drank no soda to show signs of aggression .
"For the children who consumed four or more soft drinks per day, we see an association between aggressive behaviors, attention problems and withdrawn behaviors."
The aggressive behaviors included destroying possessions belonging to others, taking part in fights and physically attacking people.
新闻播报译文
喝太多汽水的孩子更容易有攻击性
一项新研究发现，有证据显示每天饮用4份以上软饮料的孩子容易有攻击性。这项研究的数据来自3000名5岁儿童的母亲。
研究者要求妈妈们记录自己孩子在两个月内饮用软饮料的量，还要求她们完成有关孩子行为的检查表。
研究者发现，43%的男孩和女孩每天至少饮用1份汽水，4%的孩子每天饮用4份或更多汽水。
夏奇拉·苏利亚就职于纽约市哥伦比亚大学梅尔曼公共卫生学院，她与佛蒙特大学和哈佛大学公共卫生学院的研究者合作进行了这项研究。她说他们发现那些饮用苏打水最多的孩子，其攻击性表现是那些不饮用苏打水的孩子的两倍。
“对于那些每天饮用4份以上软饮料的孩子，我们看到攻击性行为、注意力问题和孤僻行为之间的关联。”
这些攻击性行为包括：毁坏他人的物品，打架斗殴，对他人发起人身攻击。
新闻语言点睛
1. keep a record of 为……作记录
例句 I told him to keep a record of his expenses.
我告诉他将他的花费做个记录。
2. at least 至少
例句 We need at least 24 hours' notice of cancellation.
如欲取消，请至少提前24小时告知。
3. take part in 参与，参加
例句 We all had to take part in the training without exception.
我们大家都得参加训练，无人例外。
新闻背景导读
自20世纪50年代以来，全球范围内已有大量流行病学研究证实，吸烟是导致肺癌的首要危险因素。为了引起国际社会对烟草危害人类健康的重视，世界卫生组织1987年11月建议将每年的4月7日定为“世界无烟日（World NoTobacco Day）”，并于1988年开始执行。自1989年起，世界无烟日改为每年的5月31日。2013年5月31日是第26个世界无烟日，主题是“全面禁止烟草广告、促销和赞助。”
新闻词汇热身
announcement n. 通告，宣布
lullaby n. 摇篮曲
campaign n. 运动
effective adj. 有效的，生效的
via prep. 经由，经过，通过
addictive adj. （毒品等）使人上瘾的
complex adj. 复合的，复杂的
harmful adj. 有害的
graphic adj. 生动的，形象的
cigarette n. 纸烟，香烟
tobacco n. 烟草，烟叶
premature adj. 比预期时间早的；不成熟的
正点新闻播报
WHO: Urge Ban on Tobacco Advertising, Promotion, Sponsorship
Terrie Hall is a former smoker. Her grandchildren will never know what she sounded like before she got cancer. She appears in a public service announcement : "If you're a smoker, I have a tip for you. Make a video of yourself before all this happens. Read a children's story book, or sing a lullaby . I wish I had."Hall is part of a new campaign from The US Centers for Disease Control (CDC) that features stories from former smokers.
The campaign has renewed interest in quitting, according to Dr. Thomas Frieden of the CDC. "Quitting smoking is the single most effective thing you can do to improve your health," he said.
But it's hard. Only 10 percent of smokers will quit in a given year according to Joanna Cohen from Johns Hopkins School of Public Health. She spoke to VOA via Skype. "Tobacco use is an addictive behavior, and it's a human behavior which is very complex ," she explained. "So just think of any behavior on your own that you want to change, and it's not easy."
That's why the CDC tells smokers to ask their doctors for help.
The U.S. government has been warning people about the harmful effects of tobacco for fifty years. Other countries are doing the same. Thailand requires graphic labels on packs of cigarettes . Turkey and Russia have enacted strong tobacco control laws.
The World Health Organization says four out of five tobaccorelated deaths are in low and middle-income countries. These countries bear the greatest burden of disease and premature death. According to WHO, these countries are where the tobacco industry is seeking new smokers.
新闻播报译文
世界无烟日世界卫生组织呼吁禁止烟草广告
泰莉·霍尔是吸烟受害者，她的孙子孙女永远都不会知道她得癌症前的嗓音。泰莉·霍尔在一个反吸烟公益广告中说：“如果你吸烟，那我要提醒你，就是在这一切还没发生前，给自己拍一段录像，读一本儿童读物，或者唱一首儿歌。我希望我以前这样做。”现在霍尔参加了美国疾病控制中心的一个新运动，其讲述曾吸烟者的经历。
疾病控制和预防中心的托马斯·弗里敦医生说，这个运动重新激起人们戒烟的愿望。他说：“改善健康最有效的行为是戒烟。”
可是戒烟很难。约翰霍普金斯大学公共健康学院的乔安娜·科恩说，只有10%的人可以在一年里成功戒烟。她通过SKYPE告诉美国之音：“吸烟会上瘾，这是一种非常复杂的人类行为，所以想要自我改变任何行为都不是一件容易的事情。”
所以疾病控制中心告诉吸烟者，请医生帮助他们戒烟。
50年来，美国政府一直告诫人们烟草的危害，其他国家也如此。泰国规定在烟盒上印上触目惊心的商标。俄罗斯和土耳其通过了严厉的烟草控制法律。
世界卫生组织说，4/5的因吸烟死亡的人来自中低收入国家。疾病和过早死亡给这些国家带来了最沉重的负担。世界卫生组织说，烟草工业正在这些国家寻找新烟民。
新闻语言点睛
1. in a public 公共场合
例句 I cannot sleep in a public place.
我在公共场合会睡不着。
2. according to 根据，按照
例句 According to Mick, it's a great movie.
据米克说，这是一部了不起的电影。
3. ask for help 寻求帮助
例句 You can ask for help whenever you need it.
你如果需要帮助随时可以提出来。
新闻背景导读
痴呆症是一种因脑部伤害或疾病所导致的渐进性认知功能退化，且此退化的幅度远高于正常老化，尤其影响到记忆、注意力、语言、解题能力，严重时会无法分辨人、事、时、地、物。最常见的痴呆症种类是老人痴呆症（即阿兹海默氏症）。其典型的起始症状为记忆障碍。病人会遗忘刚刚发生的事，而较久以前的记忆则在发病初期不受影响。一项由英国爱丁堡大学（University of Edinburgh）与位于印度海德拉巴的尼扎姆医学科学研究所（Nizamˈs Institute of Medical Sciences）合作开展的研究对患有痴呆症状的病人进行了调查，来确定他们罹患这一疾病的时间。最终研究人员发现，掌握两门及以上语言的病人比仅掌握一种语言的病人患病时间平均推迟4.5年。
新闻词汇热身
dementia n. 痴呆
mental adj. 精神的，心理的
disorder n. 混乱，凌乱，失调
frontotemporal adj. 额颞（骨）的
vascular adj. 血管的，脉管的
investigator n. 调查，审查者
bilingual adj. （能说）两种语言的
正点新闻播报
Bilingualism May Delay Different Kinds of Dementia
New research suggests that speaking more than one language may delay different kinds of dementia , that is the lost of mental ability. In fact, researchers say, speaking two languages appears to be more important than the level of education in defending against dementias.
A study in India examined the effect of knowing more than one language in delaying the first signs of several disorders , these Alzheimer's disease, frontotemporal dementia, vascular dementia, Lewy bodies dementia and included mixed dementias. Researchers studied nearly 650 people whose average age was 66. 240 of those studied suffered from Alzheimer's, the most common form of mental decline.Three hundred ninety-one of the subjects spoke two or more languages. Investigators found the dementias began about four-anda-half years later in those who were bilingual compared to those who spoke only one language. The level of education had no effect on the age at the first sign of dementia.
Researchers found there was no extra gain in speaking more than two languages. They also did not see a delay in the first signs of Lewy bodies dementia, the disorder causes patients to see or experience things that do not real exist. They can also cause sufferers to move back and forth between being wide awake and really sleeping.
新闻播报译文
双语可能减缓多种痴呆的发作
新研究表明会讲一门以上语言可以减缓丧失心智的痴呆症状的发作。事实上研究人员表示，抵御痴呆症，说两门语言比教育程度高低要更有用。
印度的一项研究考察了会一门以上语言对一些疾病发作迹象的延缓作用，包括阿尔茨海默病，额颞叶痴呆，血管性痴呆，路易体痴呆和混合性痴呆。总共研究了近650人，平均年龄为66岁。其中240人患有最常见的智商降低的病症——阿尔茨海默病；391个对象讲两门或多门语言。研究员发现会两门语言的患者和只会说一门语言的患者相比，发病的时间要推迟4.5年。受教育程度对此没有影响。
研究人员发现会说两门以上语言没额外的帮助。还发现语言无法减缓路易体痴呆病症的发作，这种疾病会导致患者产生或经历幻觉，也可能使患者在清醒和梦境中徘徊。
新闻语言点睛
1. appear to 似乎，好像
例句 They appear to have misunderstood me.
他们似乎误解了我。
2. suffer from 遭受，忍受
例句 Do you suffer from headaches?
你常头痛吗？
3. have no effect on 没有影响
例句 The medicine has no effect on me.
这种药物对我起不了作用。
4. back and forth 来回地，反复地
例句 He fluttered back and forth in the corridor.
他在走廊上烦躁不安地走来走去。
新闻背景导读
HIV（Human Immunodeficiency Virus）即人类免疫缺陷病毒。顾名思义它会造成人类免疫系统的缺陷。1981年，人类免疫缺陷病毒在美国首次发现。它是一种感染人类免疫系统细胞的慢性病毒（Lentivirus），属反转录病毒的一种，至今无有效疗法。该病毒破坏人体的免疫能力，导致免疫系统失去抵抗力，从而导致各种疾病及癌症得以在人体内生存，发展到最后，导致艾滋病（获得性免疫缺陷综合症）。
新闻词汇热身
immunodeficiency n. 免疫缺陷
virus n. 病毒
pregnancy n. 怀孕，怀孕期
breastfeed v. 用母乳喂养，哺乳
identify v. 认出，鉴定
suppress v. 压制，抑制
protein n. 蛋白质
antiretroviral adj. 抗逆转录病毒的
substance n. 物质，实质
additional adj. 添加的，额外的，另外
protection n. 保护，防护
正点新闻播报
Prevent HIV Transmission to Infants
Hundreds of thousands of children become infected with the AIDS virus every year. There boys and girls are born to mothers who have HIV, the human immunodeficiency virus . Infection takes place during pregnancy or from breastfeeding .
Recently, Scientists identified a protein in breast milk that suppresses the virus, the protein may even protect babies from become infected. Now, Experts say the discovery could lead to new ways to protect babies whose mothers are infected with HIV.
To prevent infection, doctors give antiretroviral drugs to both mothers and their babies, that has greatly reduced the number of infections. But experts say that even without anti-AIDS drugs, only a small percentage of babies become infected through breast milk.
The low rate of the infection was of great interest to researchers, including Sallie Permar. She led an effort to identify a substance in breast milk that may protect babies from infection.
Her team directed its attention to a protein called Tenacin-C, also called TNC. It is known to be involved in the process of healing wounds. But what purpose it serves in breast milk is not know.
The researchers exposed the TNC protein from breast milk of uninfected women to HIV, the protein linked up to the virus and made it harmless.
She suggests that TNC could be given to babies before breastfeeding to provide additionalprotection against HIV. She adds that the protein is safe, because it is already in natural part of human milk. This may avoid the problem of HIV become resisted to Antiretroviral drugs.
新闻播报译文
防止HIV传染给婴儿
每年有数以万计的儿童感染艾滋病病毒。那些男孩和女孩是由携带艾滋病毒的母亲所生。这种病毒是人类免疫缺陷病毒，感染发生在怀孕或哺乳期。
最近，科学家发现了蕴含在母乳中的一种抑制病毒蛋白质，这种蛋白质可以保护婴儿免受感染。现在专家说，这个发现可能会催生新的方法来保护婴儿免受来自母体的艾滋病毒的感染。
为了防止感染，医生给予母亲和她们的婴儿抗逆转录病毒药物，已经大大减少了感染的数量。但专家说，即使没有抗艾滋病药物，婴儿通过母乳感染的比率也非常低。
低感染率引起了包括Sallie Permar在内的大量研究人员的兴趣。她正致力于发现母乳中可以保护婴儿免受感染的物质。
她的研究团队把注意力集中到一种被称为TNC的蛋白质上，据说这种蛋白质参与伤口愈合的过程，但它在母乳中的作用仍旧未知。研究人员从未感染艾滋病毒女性的母乳中提取了这种蛋白质，并置于HIV中。这种蛋白质和艾滋病毒结合起来，使这种病毒变的无害。
她认为，TNC可以给婴儿哺乳前使用，以提供抗HIV的附加保护。她补充说，蛋白质是安全的，因为它本来就是母乳中天然的成分。这可以避免艾滋病毒抗逆转录病毒药物。
新闻语言点睛
1. infect with 把……传染给……
例句 Go away, I do not want to infect you with my cold.
走开，我可不想把我的感冒传染给你。
2. take place 发生
例句 The evening party will take place on New Year's Eve.
晚会将在除夕那天举行。
3. link up 联系，连接
例句 The two highways link up here.
两条公路在这里衔接起来。
新闻背景导读
流感疫苗用于预防流行性感冒，适用于任何可能感染流感病毒的健康人。每年在流行季节前接种一次，免疫力可持续一年。流感疫苗是预防和控制流感的主要措施之一，可以减少接种者感染流感的机会或者减轻流感症状。北半球的流感季节刚刚开始，医生们就开始督促六个月以上的儿童和成人注射流感疫苗。一项最新研究也表明疫苗除了能预防流感，还有其它益处。据加拿大女子学院附属医院Jacob A.Udell的研究发现，接种流感病毒的人心脏病发病率降低36%。该研究结果发表在美国医学杂志JAMA上。
新闻词汇热身
flu n. 流感
vulnerable adj. 易受伤的，脆弱的
vaccinate v. 接种疫苗
stroke n. 中风
inflammation n. 红肿；发炎
plaque n. 血小板
artery n. 动脉
unstable adj. 不稳定的
blockage n. 阻滞，堵塞
vaccine n. 疫苗
skeptical adj. 表示怀疑的
potential adj. 潜在的
cardiac adj. 心脏的，心脏病的
正点新闻播报
Study: Flu Vaccine Could Prevent Heart Attack
Medical experts say there is nothing that kills as many people as the flu .
Heart patients, like Loreen Naylor, are especially vulnerable . That's why she gets vaccinated every year. "I think it is very important. It's a way of managing my own health and making sure I don't get the flu," she said.
Doctors say heart patients who get the flu seem to have a higher risk of heart attack, heart failure or stroke .
Researchers believe as our bodies fight the disease, inflammation and plaque in our arteries become more unstable and may form clots and blockages . It appears the flu vaccine , though, may help protect even healthy people from heart attack and stroke.
For people who have recently had a heart attack, getting a flu shot cut their risk of having another one by 50 percent. So Dr. Udell says getting the vaccine is a no brainer [requires little thought].
"I encourage anybody who's skeptical about getting the flu vaccine for any reason that there is another potential benefit here from a cardiac point of view," he said.
新闻播报译文
研究表明流感疫苗能预防心脏病
医学专家表示没有什么能造成像流感这样多的死亡人数。
像Loreen Naylor这样患有心脏病的群体更容易染上流感。这也是她为什么每年都注射流感疫苗的原因。Loreen说：“我觉得注射疫苗是很重要的事，这是保持健康的一种方式，能也确保自己不会得流感。”
医生也表示心脏病人一旦染上流感，他们心脏病发作，心脏衰竭和中风的可能性就更高。
研究人员认为，当我们的身体在对抗疾病时，我们动脉中的炎症和血小板会变的不稳定，可能会产生血块，造成血流堵塞。流感疫苗可能会有助于人们预防心脏病发作，降低中风风险。
对于刚刚心脏病发作过的人来讲，注射流感疫苗会使其心脏病再次发作的风险减少50%。因此，Udell表示注射疫苗是件不必动脑的事。他说：“对那些对流感疫苗持怀疑态度的人，无论是什么原因，我都要对其进行劝说，因为从一名心脏病者的角度来讲注射流感疫苗还有其它潜在的益处。”
新闻语言点睛
1. make sure 确保
例句 Make sure the firm is competent to carry out the work.
要确保这家公司有能力完成这项工作。
2. protect from 保护……不受；使……免于
例句 An umbrella will protect you from the rain.
雨伞可以让你不至于淋雨。
3. point of view 观点，看法
例句 He completely disregarded my point of view.
他完全不理会我的观点。
所谓精听是指将音响效果较好的新闻录下来，多听几遍，在较好地理解整条新闻的基础上，将新闻记下来（口头复述或笔头听写）。初学者在收听英语广播时，大多是泛泛地听，其结果是，不少词、词组、句型或同类新闻事件反复听过多少次，但最终还是不知其所以然，没有学到本可学到的知识。长此以往，不但收效不大，不利于严谨学风的培养，而且还会因长期没有多大的进展而丧失信心。精听则可以克服这方面的不足，这也是精听的目的。
所谓泛听，是指听众每天都听一定量的节目，坚持不断，听时以了解大意为主。其目的是获取信息，了解时事，增强语感以提高听力水平。增强语感是泛听所要达到的目的。泛听时要注意的问题是“坚持不断，大量广泛”这八个字。
精听和泛听是互为补充的。精听在初学阶段显得更为重要，泛听是必不可少的学习手段之一，坚持大量泛听，对提高自己的听力能力，具有举足轻重的作用；而且随着听力水平的不断提高，泛听会显得越来越重要，同时也是学习者的最终目的。