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演员李国豪和李香凝是他的子女。
His personal motto is “treat the unlimited as limited”.
他的座右铭是以无法为有法，以无限为有限。
He said: “Water is invisible. If you put water into a cup, it will be a cup shape; into the bottle, it is a shape of the bottle; into the pot, that is, the shape of the pot. Water is my friend.”
李小龙有句名言： “水是无形的。如果你把水倒进杯子里，它就会成为杯子的形状；把水倒进瓶子里，它就是瓶子的形状；倒进茶壶里，就是茶壶的形状。水是我的朋友。”
Bruce Lee said: “To know and hope is not enough, we should learn to use and do it.”
李小龙说过： “光是知道是不够的，必须加以运用，光是希望是不够的，非去做不可。”
Only by cleaning your cup up can you fill it.
清空你的杯子，方能再次注满。
His Kungfu movies are popular overseas.
他主演的功夫片风行海外。
Chinese martial art represents the enormous variety of martial arts originated in China. It’ s commonly called Wushu or Kungfu.
中国搏击术是对源于中国的各种搏击技艺的总称，俗称功夫或者武术。
Kung fu meaning “learned skill” or “great achievement” in Chinese has now given rise to more than 1, 000 styles of martial arts. The Shaolin style is still the most famous of all.
功夫中文含义是 “学到的技艺” 或者 “伟大的成就” ，如今已发展出上千种武术流派。少林派仍然是其中最有名的派系。
Bruce Lee: “You will be in deep misery, if you live a dramatic life”.
李小龙说： “生活在戏剧化的人生里，结果使自己陷于不能自拔的深渊。”
Bruce Lee: “Why we are scared? Because we can not make a prompt decision, even withdraw from advancing. But, if we can make a clear judgment of something, weather it is valuable or not, we will not shrink back.”
李小龙说： “我们为什么会害怕？这是由于我们做事不能当机立断，一旦犹豫不决的时候，我们便会畏缩。但如果能够对某件事作明确的判断时，不论有无价值，我们都不会畏缩。”
He wrote many books about Kungfu, such as Tao of Jeet Kune Do. Bruce Lee: Dao of Kungfu.
李小龙写过很多关于武术的书，例如《截拳道之道》、《李小龙：功夫之道》。
Yewen is Lee’ s master.
叶问是李小龙的师父。
Drunken Boxing, because of its multi—roll or flapping movements, it is also considered to be one kind of “ditang boxing”.
醉拳由于其内容中有很多跌扑滚翻动作，故又被认为是 “地趟拳” 的一种。
In modern times, Chinese Kung—fu was first introduced to the United States by Chinese—American Kung—fu master Bruce Lee.
在现代，李小龙是第一个把中国功夫带到美国的美籍华人。
Chinese Kung Fu developed with the Chinese social society.
中国功夫伴随着中国社会的发展而发展。
The highest level of most Wushu (martial arts) is Qigong.
多种功夫中最高的境界是气功。
In Hollywood, there are two famous KungFu stars called Jet Li and Jackie Chan.
成龙和李连杰是好莱坞中两个很出名的功夫明星。
Bruce Lee won the Cha Cha Champion of Hong Kong in 1958.
1958年，李小龙获全港恰恰舞公开大赛冠军。
Let’ s Talk！
开始交流吧！
Mary: What’ s your favorite sport?
玛丽：你最喜欢什么体育项目？
John: My favorite sport is Chinese Kung Fu.
约翰：我喜欢中国功夫。
Mary: Oh, Chinese Kung Fu is the pride of our country, have you learnt it?
玛丽：哦，中国功夫可是我们国家的骄傲啊，你学过吗？
John: For three months.
约翰：学3个月了。
Mary: How deep you have achieved? Can you practice a little to me?
玛丽：你学到什么程度啦，可以打两下吗？
John: Ah, it’ s a little bit difficult. I just start my study, and I don’ t practice the actions well.
约翰：呵呵，这个有点难，我只是刚学到皮毛，那动作还没熟练。
Mary: En, what do you think of Chinese Kung Fu?
玛丽：嗯，你觉得中国功夫怎么样？
John: Kung fu was originally intended for self—defense, but it became something more than defense skills now. Today we are apt to treat it as an art.
约翰：最开始功夫是用来自卫的，但现在它不仅仅是打斗技术了。如今我们更爱把它看成一门艺术。
Mary: Bingo, isn’ t there a phrase, “martial arts”, in your language? This is the best explanation of it.
玛丽：这说对了，你们英文里不是有个词组叫martial arts吗？这就是对功夫的最好解释啊。
John: Yeah, it’ s popular all over the world now.
约翰：对啊，中国功夫在全世界都很流行啊。
Mary: Do you know some Kung Fu stars?
玛丽：你知道哪些功夫明星吗？
John: Bruce Lee, Jet Li and Jackie Chan are very popular in movies circle.
约翰：李小龙、李连杰、成龙等红遍了世界影坛。
Mary: En, they are the most famous action stars in the field, especially Bruce Lee.
玛丽：嗯，他们是功夫界最出名的三个武打明星，特别是李小龙。
John: I heard that he is the representative of Kungfu, and you are admiring of him, right?
约翰：我听说他是中国功夫的代表，你们都很崇拜他，是这样的吗？
Mary: Right, he is the master of martial art forever in our heart.
玛丽：是啊，他是我们心中永远的武术宗师。
John: I envy you have such a star. There goes the bell. I’ m going to the class, we can chat next time.
约翰：我真羡慕你们有这么一个明星。时间到了，我要去上课了，下次再聊啊。
Mary: OK, bye.
玛丽：好的，再见。
Artistic Paper Cutting
剪纸艺术
剪纸，是中国最为古老、流行的民间艺术之一，一直是广大人民群众喜闻乐见的艺术形式。剪纸艺术是一门 “易学” 但却 “难精” 的民间技艺，作品大多出于乡村妇女和民间艺人之手。由于他们以现实生活中的事物作题材，对物象观察，全凭纯朴的感情与直觉的印象为基础，因此形成剪纸艺术浑厚、单纯、简洁、明快的特殊风格，反映了农民那种朴实无华的精神。如此神奇的手工作品，你一定也想知道它的历史和制法，一起来看吧！
Realize Artistic Paper Cutting
认识剪纸艺术
1剪纸的简介
The folk art of paper cutting in China is a national quintessence just as the traditional paintings, calligraphy and Peking Opera. It is also a precious non—material cultural heritage the Chinese ancestors have left to the people of the world. Paper cutting can be seen in many parts of China during the Spring Festival. People paste patterns on windows, door lintels or desks for festival atmosphere.
It’ s difficult to tell when it originated. One saying is that it originated from some religious ceremony of offering sacrifices. Ancient people cut papers into the shapes of animals or people, then they either buried them with the dead or burned them on the funerals, wishing those things that paper stand for could be with the dead. A thousand years ago, paper cutting was used for decoration. According to historic books, women in Tang Dynasty used paper cutting as headdress. In Song Dynasty, it was the decoration of gifts. People use them as decorations on walls, mirrors or lanterns. Some people made a living by it.
To the author, the folk paper cutting work is not just a folk art form or a “handicraft”, but a means that expresses the inner self of the author through the art of paper cutting. To master this, it requires skillful application of the laws that govern the matching of scissors and paper through years of practice by author. It also requires an in—depth accumulation of his or her observation of various objects in nature and a thorough understanding of life.
As a main form of folk arts, Chinese paper cutting has a long history. But nowadays under the impact of commodity economy and modern ideas, great changes have taken place in cultural psychology and standards of beauty appreciation, and all folk arts, including paper cutting, are facing serious challenges.
2剪纸的做法及种类
（1）剪纸的做法
Paper cutting is all made by hand. It is easy to learn the rudiments. Non—craftsmen need only a knife and paper. For craftsmen, they need knives and gravers of various types to make complicated patterns. It can be one piece of paper or many pieces. Simple patterns can be cut with a knife. For complicated patterns, people first pasted the pattern on the paper and then use various kinds of knives to make it. No mistake can be made during the process otherwise the work would fail.
Yinke阴刻
Yangke阳刻
Yinyangke阴阳刻
（2）剪纸的种类
Paper cutting covers nearly all topics, such as flowers, birds, animals, legendary people, figures in classic novels, types of facial make—up in Peking opera. Paper cutting has various styles in different parts of China.
Decoration装饰类
Chirotype稿模类
Custom and superstition俗信类
Design设计类
传统民间剪纸艺术在自己的产生发展过程中形成了自身一些固定的表达方式，利用剪纸艺术的特点使现代设计能够建立在传统文化的脉络上。将中国民间传统的剪纸艺术与不同的设计领域结合就如同给中国传统剪纸艺术注入一股新鲜的血液，从而在国际设计舞台中演绎出独一无二的色彩。
Key words&Sentences
关键词句全知道
Wangcheng Cathay paper—cutting museum in Hunan province is the first folk paper—cutting museum with rich and unique collection of works.
湖南望城华夏剪纸博物馆是全国第一家民间剪纸博物馆，馆藏丰富独特。
Up to now, paper—cuts are popular in countryside throughout China.
直到现今，在乡下还能见到红红火火的剪纸景观。
The rustic and exuberant Yingge dance, the melodic Ditao music and the exquisite paper—cutting are billed as three treasures of Chaoyang folk arts.
粗犷奔放的英歌舞，清扬悦耳的笛套音乐，精细至极的剪纸，被誉为 “潮阳民间艺术三宝” 。
Paper—cutting is inexpensive and makes excellent gift for family and friends.
剪纸物美价廉，是馈赠亲友的上佳礼品。
Paper—cutting will not be excellent without superb skills.
剪纸需要高超的技术。
Paper cutting has various styles in different parts of China.
剪纸在中国各地都有不同的流派风格。
At present, there are professional paper cutting factories in China.
现在在中国，已经有专业化的剪纸工厂。
At present, the earliest paper cutting we can see has a history of more than 1, 500 years.
目前我们所能见到的最早的剪纸，已有一千五百年以上的历史。
Paper cutting is not only a traditional art form, but a culture.
剪纸在中国已不仅是一门传统艺术，更是一种文化。
The aesthetics of folk paper cutting is demonstrated in embodying the original spirit of the art and in enlightening the active thinking.
在人文科学史上，民间剪纸艺术体现艺术本原精神之美和开启心智活跃思维之美。
Now fewer and fewer people can grasp the skill.
现在越来越少的人能掌握这门技术了。
Paper cutting can develop our patience.
剪纸可以培养我们的耐心。
Red paper is generally used to express joy in paper cutting.
剪纸一般都是用红色的纸，表示喜庆。
Once you can master paper—cut, there will be a lot of fun.
学会剪纸，会有很多的乐趣。
In ancient times, women usually express their ability through paper—cut.
古代的女人通常都是通过剪纸来表现个人的能力。
Our country has advocated to protecting ancient folk arts, such as Peking Opera, paper cutting and Kungfu.
国家现在一直在提倡保护古代的民间艺术，例如京剧、剪纸、中国功夫。
Paper—cut is commonly used in religious ceremonies, decorations and so on.
剪纸常用于宗教仪式和装饰等方面。
Paper cuttings, as well as the New Year pictures, are come into being because of the psychological needs of exorcism and praying for happiness.
剪纸和年画一样，最早因民众驱邪纳福的心理需要而产生。
One of the hometowns of Chinese paper cuttings is Fujian Zhangpu.
福建漳浦是中国剪纸之乡之一。
Animals, especially Chinese zodiac, are the most common themes in paper cuttings.
十二生肖动物是剪纸的主题。
The main tool is cutting scissor.
剪纸最主要的工具就是剪刀。
Women usually do paper cutting at home while men would do it only when he is free in ancient time.
古代一般都是妇女在家做剪纸，男人只有在闲暇时才一起剪纸。
Let’ s Talk！
开始交流吧！
Wang Yi: Hello! What did you buy at the market?
王易：嗨，你从市场上都买了些什么呀？
Mike: Chinese mountain—water paintings, clay figurines, seals, Weifang New Year pictures, and many paper cuttings!
迈克：中国山水画、泥人、印章、潍坊年画和很多剪纸！
Wang Yi: It seems that you’ ve bought the whole market!
王易：你好像把整个市场都买回来了。
Mike: Yeah. I really wanted to. I love those handicrafts, especially the paper cutting.
迈克：是呀。我的确想那么做，我喜欢那些手工艺品，尤其是剪纸。
Wang Yi: Paper cuttings are all hand—made. Let me see the paper cuttings you bought—cat, dog, tiger, all animals?
王易：剪纸是全手工制作的。让我看看你买的剪纸，鱼、狗、老虎——全是动物？
Mike: I love animals! Besides, aren’ t animals the main content of Chinese paper cuttings?
迈克：我喜欢动物！再说，难道动物不是中国剪纸的主题吗？
Wang Yi: Yeah. Animals, especially Chinese zodiac, are the most common themes in paper cuttings. But there are other themes, like plants, babies, legendary figures, etc.
王易：是的。动物，尤其是十二生肖，是剪纸最常见的主题，但是也有其他主题，例如：植物、孩童、传说人物等。
Mike: Hey, can you make paper cuttings?
迈克：嘿，你会剪纸吗？
Wang Yi: Sure.
王易：当然会。
Mike: Where did you learn it?
王易：你从哪学来的啊？
Wang Yi: I learned it from my friend. She knows a lot about paper—cutting, and also good at paper cutting.
王易：从我的一个朋友那学来的。她对剪纸十分了解，而且也很擅长剪纸。
Mike: So you must know a lot about paper cutting. What is the paper cuttings used for?
迈克：那你一定知道很多中国剪纸罗！这些剪纸都是用来干什么的呢？
Wang Yi: I just know a little. Today, people often use them for decoration, such as ornament windows, doors, walls and so on. Some people also use them as good gifts.
王易：只知道一点点啦。现在，剪纸大部分是用来装饰的，比如装饰窗户、门、墙等等。也有人将它们当作礼物了。
Mike: It sounds very interesting.
迈克：听起来很有意思。
Wang Yi: What’ s more, those paper cuttings are not just some beautiful papers. They also have special meanings. They reflect people’ s wish for harvest, property, health, happiness and so on.
王易：而且，剪纸可不仅是漂亮的剪纸，它们还有特殊的象征意义。它们反映了人们对丰收、富贵、健康、幸福等的希望。
Traditional Chinese Medicine
中医
中医指中国传统医学，是研究人体生理、病理以及疾病诊断和防治等的一门综合学科。它承载着中国古代人民同疾病作斗争的经验和理论知识，是在古代朴素的唯物论和自发的辩证法思想指导下，通过长期医疗实践逐步形成并发展成的医学理论体系，和西方的医学有很大的区别。接下来，我们就来看看中医的特色吧！
Realize Traditional Chinese Medicine
认识中医
1中医简介
Traditional Chinese Medicine ( “TCM” ) is an integral part of Chinese culture. It has made great contributions to the prosperity of China. Today both of TCM and western medicine are being used in providing medical and health services in China. TCM, with its unique diagnostic methods, systematic approach, abundant historical literature and materials, has attracted many attentions from the international community. TCM is well recognized for its remarkable effectiveness in off setting the side effect caused by the toxic and chemical treatment of cancer cases in western medical system.
The practice of acupuncture probably dates back to the Stone Age, as suggested by findings of ancient stone needles. Also, hieroglyphs and pictographs documenting acupuncture and moxibustion have been found which are dating back to Shang Dynasty (1600BC–1046 BC). When acupuncture (and herbal medicine) became integrated into an embracing medical theory system, it is difficult to judge. TCM theory is, however, inextricably intertwined with the principles of Yinyangism, which was represented for the first time by Zou Yan (340 BC–260 BC) ).
Traditional Chinese medicine includes a range of traditional medical practices originating in China. It is considered as a complementary or alternative medical system in much of the western world while remaining as a form of primary care throughout most of Asia.
In China, TCM is under the administration of State Administration of TCM and Pharmacology. TCM and its development are regulated. National strategies, law and regulations governing TCM are now in place to guide and promote the research and development in this promising industry.
2中医的疗法和经典著作
（1）中医的疗法
Acupuncture针灸术
Massage推拿术
Moxibustion艾灸术
Cupping拔罐术
Guasha刮痧术
transdermal patch贴药术
cryotherapy冷冻术
（2）中医的四大经典
The earliest and most fundamental composition identified in TCM is Huang Di Nei Jing (also called Yellow Emperor’ s Inner Canon) probably dating back to the second century BC. According to legend, it was composed by the mythical Yellow Emperor (said to have lived 2697BC—2597 BC) as a result of a dialogue with his ministers. It states that to be a master physician, one must master the use of metaphors as they apply to medicine and the body.
Yellow Emperor’ s Inner Canon黄帝内经
The Book of Shennong’ s Herb and Medicine
神农本草经
The Book of Medical Problems难经
Treatise on Exogenous Febrile Disease and
Miscellaneous Disease伤寒杂病论
中医中药在中国古老的大地上已经有了几千年的历史。经过几千年的临床实践，证实了中国的中医中药无论是在治病、防病还是在养生上，都是有效可行的。在西医未传入中国之前，我们的祖祖辈辈都用中医中药来治疗疾病，挽救了无数人的生命。中医对疾病的治疗是宏观的、全面的。但是到了现代，随着西方自然科学和哲学的进入，西方医学的思维方式和研究方法构成了对中医学的挑战。
Key words&Sentences
关键词句全知道
Chinese medicine is useful.
中医是非常有用的。
It can date back to several thousand years ago.
中医有几千多年的历史了。
It can not only cure the sickness but also keep people healthy.
中医不仅能治病，更重要的是它能调理身体。
Many illnesses can not be healed by modern medicine but the Chinese medicine. Lots of foreigners come to China to ask for Chinese medicine’ s help.
有些用西医的方法不能治愈的病，中医却可以，所以有很多国外的人都来看中医。
Chinese medicine won’ t harm your stomach, and it has no side effect.
中医不会伤害胃，没有副作用。
Chinese medicine originated in China’ s Yellow River Basin, and has long established academic system. In the long process of development, Chinese medicine generated a number of famous doctors, as well as appeared a lot of important schools and classics.
中医发源于中国黄河流域，很早就建立了学术体系。中医在漫长的发展过程中，历代都有不同的创造，涌现了许多名医，出现了许多重要学派和名著。
As early as the Xia and Shang Dynasty (about 2070 century BC—1046 BC), tincture and medical soup had emerged in China.
早在夏商时期（约公元前2070—前1046），中国就已出现药酒及汤液。
The earliest existing pharmaceutical monograph, Shen Nong Ben Cao Jing is the book that made by a number of medical experts collecting and summarizing many medical pharmaceutical materials in Qin and Han Dynasty (221 BC AD 220).
现存最早的药学专著《神农本草经》是秦汉时期（公元前221—公元220年）众多医学家搜集、总结了丰富药学资料而成书的。
During Qin and Han Dynasties, there formed the Huang Di Nei Jing with systemic theory.
秦汉时期，形成了《黄帝内经》这样具有系统理论的著作。
From Wei, Jin, South and North Dynasties (220AD 589AD) to Sui, Tang, and Wudai Dynasties (581AD 960AD), pulse—check has made outstanding achievements. Wang Shuhe summarized 24 pulse conditions in his book The Book of Pulse.
从魏晋南北朝（公元220—589年）到隋唐五代（公元581—960年），脉诊取得了突出的成就。晋代名医王叔和所著的《脉经》归纳了24种脉象。
Tang dynasty enjoyed a economic prosperity, thus promoting the development of TCM. The government of Tang dynasty took the lead in completing editing the world’ s first pharmacopoeia book—the Tang Ben Cao.
唐代（公元618—907年）经济繁荣，促进了中药学的发展。唐政府率先完成了世界第一部药典性本草——《唐本草》的编修工作。
With western medicine introduced into China from the Ming dynasty, a group of doctors suggested the combination of Chinese and western medicine which was the harbinger of combining traditional Chinese and western medicine. When it comes to Ming dynasty (AD 1368—1644), medical experts Li Shizhen finished TCM masterpiece Ben Cao Gang Mu, including 1892 medicines, becoming the greatest Chinese materia work.
从明代开始，西方医学传入中国。一批医学家们主张 “中西医汇通” ，成为当代中西医结合的先声。到了明代（公元1368—1644年），医药学家李时珍历时27年，完成了中药学巨著《本草纲目》，全书载药1892种，成为中国本草史上最伟大的集成之作。
In the end of the Qing dynasty, the Westernization Movement caught the traditional Chinese medicine—field’ s attention.
清朝末期，洋务运动引起了传统中医界的重视。
Traditional Chinese Medicine generally refers to the medicine based on the traditional medicine created by the people of Han nationality, it is also called Han medicine.
中医一般指中国以汉族劳动人民创造的传统医学为主的医学，所以也称汉医。
In the modern medical system, Chinese medicine is classified as an alternative medicine.
在现今世界的医疗体系中，中医学被归类为替代医学中的一支。
Now, traditional Chinese medicine is still a common means of treating disease in China.
现代，中医在中国仍然是治疗疾病的常用手段之一。
TCM theory comes from a summary of medical experience, the concept of Yin and Yang and the concept of the five elements (of metal, wood, water, fire, and earth) in ancient China.
中医理论来源于对医疗经验的总结及中国古代的阴阳五行（金、木、水、火、土）思想。
Let’ s Talk！
开始交流吧！
Zhou Meng: Jack, you don’ t look very good, what’ s the matter?
周蒙：杰克，你脸色不是很好啊，怎么了？
Jack: I don’ t know, I don’ t feel quiet well.
杰克：我也不知道啊，就是感觉身体很难受。
Zhou Meng: Then you see a doctor?
周蒙：那你去看医生了吗？
Jack: Yes, but the doctor just told me to have more rest.
杰克：看了，但医生就让我多休息。
Zhou Meng: You must have gone for the western medicine? Maybe you should try Chinese medicine.
周蒙：你看的是西医吧？你可以试试中医啊。
Jack: Are there any differences?
杰克：有什么区别吗？
Zhou Meng: Of course! There are differences between them! If you’ re sick, it can treat. if you are not sick, it can also help take care of your body. And it will not have side effects, which is very different from Western medicine. My family members are willing to turn to Chinese medicine.
周蒙：当然有区别啦！如果你生病了，它就能治病。如果你没病，它也能帮你调养护理，不会有副作用，这和西医有很大的区别。我们家的人都愿意去看中医。
Jack: Really? I have heard of Chinese medicine, but had never tried. So I don’ t know whether it works.
杰克：是吗？我听说过中医，但就一直没看，也不知道这管不管用。
Zhou Meng: Do not worry. Chinese medicine came into being two thousand years ago. It focus on fusion of Yin and Yang, mix of the five elements and offer the most effective treatment according to individual circumstances.
周蒙：这你放心，中医在两千年前就出现了。中医讲究的是阴阳相和，五行合一，能根据个人的情况，给予最有效的医治。
Jack: Wow, that sounds unbelievable. Where can I find a Chinese mediciner?
杰克：哇，这听起来好神奇啊。你知道这哪有中医吗？
Zhou Meng: In the city center there is a Chinese medicine hospital, doctors in there are very experienced.
周蒙：在市中心那就有一所中医院，那里的医生都是很有经验的。
Jack: Good, are you free this afternoon? Will you go with me?
杰克：好的，下午你有空吗？能陪我一起去吗？
Zhou Meng: Of course.
周蒙：当然可以。
Jack: Thank you very much, see you this afternoon.
杰克：非常感谢，下午见。
Traditional Chinese Painting
国画
国画，是我国传统的艺术形式，是我国绝对的艺术瑰宝。中国画注重写意，风格清新或浓重，手笔豪迈，具有中国特色。欣赏国画是一种净心、清心的享受，能够陶冶情操，提高修养。来中国，一定要看看国画，它能让你感受中国的强大与深奥。
Realize Traditional Chinese Painting
认识国画
1国画简介
Chinese painting is a form of Chinese art. In imperial time, painting and calligraphy were the most highly appreciated arts in court circles and were produced almost exclusively by amateurs—aristocrats and scholar—officials—who alone had the leisure to perfect the technique and sensibility necessary for great brushwork. Calligraphy was thought to be the highest and purest form of painting. The implements were the brush pen, made of animal fur, and black inks made from pine soot andanimal glue. In ancient times, writing, as well as painting, was done on silk. But after the invention of paper in the 1st century C.E., silk was gradually replaced by the new and cheaper material. Original writings by famous calligraphers have been greatly valued throughout China’ s history and are mounted on scrolls and hung on walls in the same way that paintings are.
Though Chinese painting has much in common with western painting from an aesthetic point of view, it still possesses its unique character. Chinese traditional painting seldom follows the convention of central focus perspective or realistic portrayal, but gives the painter freedom on artistic conception, structural composition and method of expression so as to better express his subjective feelings. Chinese painting has absorbed the best of many forms of art, like poetry, calligraphy, and seal engraving.
Since the turn of the century, China has experienced great political, economic, and cultural changes, and the art of painting is no exception. While traditional Chinese painting still occupies an important place in the life of modern Chinese, many painters now desire to express their experience of new times. By combining new modes of expression with traditional Chinese painting techniques, they are opening up a vast, new world of artistic expression.
2国画的种类和画法
（1）国画的种类
Artists from the Han (206 BC–220AC) to the Tang (618–906) dynasties mainly painted human figures. Much of what we know of early Chinese figure painting comes from burial sites, where paintings were preserved on silk banners, lacquered objects and tomb walls. Many early tomb paintings were meant to protect the dead or help their souls get to paradise. Others illustrated the teachings of the Chinese philosopher Confucius, or showed scenes of daily life.
Portraiture肖像
Bird—and—flower compositions花鸟画
Landscape山水画
（2）国画的画法
It is very difficult, if not impossible, to appreciate Chinese paintings without a profound knowledge about different styles characteristic of the different historical periods.
The paintings of Song Dynasty (960—1279AD), however, favored abstract, implied meanings rather than direct expressions, painting skills matured considerably, and the realistic style was in full blossom.
Meticulous—Gong bi工笔
Freehand—Shui mo水墨
国画作为我国流传的一门艺术，它的涵义已经不仅仅是一幅画了，而是代表着一种民族的精神和信仰。它的空灵婉约、典雅肃穆，都已经通过一个个不同的元素展现出来了，不需要言语的陪衬，它已经向全世界诉说着那古老的故事。人类的智慧是无限的，随着时间的推移，各种新兴的事物不断冲击着老祖宗留下来的遗产，我们应该保护自己的文化产物，然后再去吸收外来的文化。
Key words&Sentences
关键词句全知道
Chinese paintings use ink as their dominant feature while color is peripheral.
当色彩还不是很流行时，中国画以墨色为主。
Blank spaces are often appeared in Chinese paintings.
在国画中经常看见有空白的地方。
The principal forms of traditional Chinese paintings are the hanging scroll, album of paintings, sectoral paintings and long horizontal scroll.
国画的四大基本形式是挂画、画册、扇面画和长画条幅。
A painting is not considered to have been completed until it is mounted.
只有上裱了的国画才算是正式完成。
Traditional Chinese painting’ s content and artistic creation reflect the national consciousness of the Chinese nation and the aesthetic taste.
国画在内容和艺术创作上，反映了中华民族的民族意识和审美情趣。
According to the screen, it can be divided into traditional painting and modern painting.
国画根据画面内容又可以分为传统绘画和现代绘画。
Picasso, Matisse, Monet and so on have studied Chinese paintings.
毕加索、马蒂斯、莫奈等都学过中国画。
Ladies paintings refer to the paintings which treat beauties as the main content.
仕女画是指以美女为主要内容的画。
Mr. Qi Baishi was a skillful poet, calligrapher and seal—cutter.
齐白石是一个有名的诗人、书法家，篆刻家。
Chinese painting is a combination in the same picture of poetry, calligraphy, painting and seal engraving. They were indispensable elements, which supply and enrich each other in contributing to the beauty of the whole picture.
中国画中集结了各种艺术，包括诗词、书法、绘画、篆刻，这些都是独立的元素，但都为国画的优雅增添了一分色彩。
At the beginning of the 20th century, some painters from Shanghai, Hangzhou, Nanjing, Guangzhou and Beijing started to challenge the old tradition of Chinese painting by introducing new art concepts from the West and establishing in art school to train artists.
20世纪初，一些来自上海、杭州、南京、广州和北京等的画家通过引进西方新的艺术概念来冲击国画这一传统艺术，并且在艺术学校被接受，用以训练艺术家。
Mr. Qi Baishi’ s favorite subjects included flowers, insects, birds, landscapes and human figures.
齐白石最喜欢画花虫鸟、山水和人物。
There are something different between Chinese paintings and oil paintings.
中国画和油画有很多不同。
Traditional Chinese ink painting is one of the brilliant Chinese culture creations.
国画是古代人民智慧的结晶的一种表现形式。
In the early years of the People’ s Republic of China, artists were encouraged to turn to the socialist realism.
在共和国成立初期，国家鼓励画家转向现实主义风格。
The color is very simple and elegant in traditional Chinese paintings.
国画的颜色都很素雅。
Traditional Chinese painting is a good gift to give because it can show the characteristics of China.
国画是送人的好礼品，能展现中国的特色。
The painting is now generally painted on the Xuan paper.
现在的国画一般都是在宣纸上画。
Traditional Chinese painting, as China’ s traditional crafts, is receiving social and cultural impact.
国画作为我国传统手艺，正在接受社会文化的冲击。
Let’ s Talk！
开始交流吧！
Lily: Hi, nice to meet you. How are you?
莉莉：很高兴见到你，你好吗？
Chen Xi: Fine. Thank you.
陈曦：我很好。
Lily: Could you do me a favor?
莉莉：你能帮我个忙吗？
Chen Xi: Sure. What is it?
陈曦：当然可以。什么事？
Lily: I bought a piece of Chinese painting. There is a poem in the painting. I wonder if you can translate it for me.
莉莉：我买了一副中国画。画上有一首诗。你能把它翻译成英语吗？
Chen Xi: No problem. But, you know, I’ m not a translator and poems are the hardest to be translated.
陈曦：没问题。但是，你知道。我不是一个专门做翻译的，而且诗歌是最难译的。
Lily: I know that. Just tell me the general meaning of the poem. I’ m not asking you to translate it into poem. Here is the painting.
莉莉：这我知道。你只需要告诉我大概意思就行了。你不需要把它翻译成诗歌。这就是那幅画。
Chen Xi: In that case, it is much easier. Oh, how beautiful it is! Let me see. The painter is Mr. Qi Baishi. He is a famous artist. Where did you buy it?
陈曦：那样就容易多了。噢，这画真漂亮！让我看看，作者是齐白石，他是著名的艺术家。你从哪儿买的？
Lily: It is from a store on the Liu Li Chang Street. I don’ t know there is a name of the artist. I just like the pictures.
莉莉：从琉璃厂街的一个商店买的。我不知道画上还有作者的名字。我就是喜欢这画。
Chen Xi: If the painter is a famous ancient artist, the painting would be much more valuable. It is a custom that a painting will always have the artist’ s seal.
陈曦：如果是一个著名的古代画家，他的画会贵重得多。中国画一般会有画家的印章。
Lily: Thank you. I learned a lot from you.
莉莉：谢谢。我从你那儿学了不少东西。
Chen Xi: My pleasure.
陈曦：不用谢。
Chinese National Music
古典民乐
我国古典民乐源于劳动人民的生活以丰富多彩的形式存在于现实生活中。在我国，一个由56个民族共同组成的大家庭中，民族音乐丰富多彩，犹如繁茂的鲜花，竞相争艳。它们涵盖的艺术种类繁多，它们都是劳动人民集体智慧的结晶，是凝聚各族人民团结的纽带，对于保持我们中华民族文化的独特审美趣味并传承中国音乐文化精神起着极为重要的作用。
Realize Chinese National Music
认识古典民乐
1古典民乐的简介
Chinese national music is the traditional art or court music of China. It has a long history stretching for more than three thousand years. It has its own unique systems of musical notation, as well as musical tuning and pitch, musical instruments and styles or musical genres.
Chinese national music is pentatonic—diatonic, having a scale of twelve notes to an octave as does European—influenced music.